七氟醚-咪达唑仑-瑞芬太尼麻醉诱导用于颈部制动患者无肌松药气管插管的可行性

目的 评价七氟醚-咪达唑仑-瑞芬太尼麻醉诱导用于颈部制动患者无肌松药气管插管的可行性.方法 颈椎骨折伴脱位拟在全麻下手术患者40例,年龄13～68岁,ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ级.静脉注射咪达唑仑0.03 mg/kg,面罩吸入5%七氟醚,每30 s递减1%,直至3%.待患者睫毛反射消失时,45 s内缓慢静脉注射瑞芬太尼2μg/kg,30 s后停止吸入七氟醚,气管插管后行机械通气.记录睫毛反射消失时间,采用Viby-Mogensen评分法评价气管插管条件.结果 睫毛反射消失时间(69±4)s,一次气管插管成功率为100%,喉镜置入顺利,声门暴露基本良好.3例患者气管插管时出现轻微呛咳.气管插管条件优良率100%.所有患者SpO2均＞95%,气管插管前至气管插管后3 min BIS值40～55.结论 七氟醚-咪达唑仑-瑞芬太尼麻醉诱导迅速而平稳,可提供良好的气管插管条件,适用于颈部制动患者无肌松药气管插管,安全可行.     

七氟烷-咪达唑仑-瑞芬太尼麻醉诱导用于患者无肌松药气管插管的效果

目的 评价七氟烷-咪达唑仑-瑞芬太尼麻醉诱导用于患者无肌松药气管插管的效果.方法 择期全麻手术患者30例,年龄20～55岁,体重50～80 kg,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级.麻醉诱导:静脉注射咪达唑仑0.03 mg/kg,调节七氟烷挥发罐刻度至3%,氧流量5 L/min,预充呼吸环路30 s后,面罩吸入七氟烷,指导患者行肺活量呼吸,每呼吸3次,七氟烷挥发罐刻度增加1%,直至6%.待患者睫毛反射消失时,1 min内缓慢静脉注射瑞芬太尼2 μg/kg,30 s后停止吸入七氟烷,气管插管后行机械通气.于给药前、睫毛反射消失时、气管插管前即刻和气管插管后即刻,记录MAP、HR、SpO2和BIS;记录从开始吸入七氟烷到睫毛反射消失的时间;评估气管插管条件.结果 所有患者一次性顺利完成气管插管,气管插管条件达优率为80%,从开始吸入七氟烷到睫毛反射消失的时间为(210±12)s.气管插管后即刻MAP、HR和SpO2与气管插管前即刻比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).气管插管前、后维持BIS 45～55.结论 七氟烷-眯达唑仑-瑞芬太尼麻醉诱导平稳,可用于患者无肌松药气管插管.     

纤维支气管镜清醒插管时不同剂量瑞芬太尼复合咪达唑仑的效果

目的观察纤维支气管镜（FOB）清醒插管时不同剂量瑞芬太尼复合咪达唑仑的效果。方法择期气管插管全麻下行手术病人48例,年龄35～45岁,ASA均为Ⅰ级,Mallampati分级为Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,随机分为单纯表面麻醉组（L组）、表面麻醉＋瑞芬太尼0．6μg/kg＋咪达唑仑60μg/kg组（R1组）和表面麻醉＋瑞芬太尼1．0μg/kg＋咪达唑仑60μg/kg组（R2组）,每组16例。3组病人均用1%地卡因行鼻腔、咽喉表面麻醉,R1组和R2组均静脉注射咪达唑仑60μg/kg,3min后两组分别缓慢静脉注射瑞芬太尼0．6μg/kg、1．0μg/kg,1min后采用F1-10P型FOB行气管插管,记录麻醉前（T0）、FOB进入鼻腔或咽腔即刻（T1）、挑起会咽进入声门即刻（T2）、插入气管导管即刻（T3）时的平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）、脉搏血氧饱和度（SpO2）及插管过程中有无躁动、呛咳、恶心等插管反应,术后随访插管过程中病人的知晓情况。结果与T0比较,L组T1、T2时MAP及HR明显升高,R2组T1和T2时SpO2下降,T1时HR明显降低,3组T3时MAP明显降低（P＜0．05）；与L组比较,R1组和R2组T1、T2时MAP降低,T1时HR降低（P＜0．01）；与R1组比较,R2组T1时HR降低,T1、T2时SpO2下降（P＜0．05）。与L组比较,R1组呛咳、躁动及插管知晓发生率明显减少（P＜0．05）,R2组各插管反应及插管知晓发生率明显减少（P＜0．01）；与R1组比较,R2组躁动发生率明显减少（P＜0．05）。结论在表面麻醉的基础上,静脉注射瑞芬太尼1．0μg/kg复合咪达唑仑60μg/kg可为病人FOB清醒插管提供良好的条件。     

不同靶浓度依托咪酯-咪达唑仑-芬太尼-罗库溴铵麻醉诱导用于气管插管效果的比较

目的 比较不同靶浓度依托咪酯-咪达唑仑-芬太尼-罗库溴铵麻醉诱导用于气管插管的效果.方法 择期全身麻醉下行菲心脏手术患者80例,性别不限,年龄25 ～ 50岁,体重57 ～ 76 kg,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,Mallampati分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为4组(n=20),E0.5组、E0.7组、E0.9组和E1.1组依托咪酯效应室靶浓度分别为0.5、0.7、0.9、1.1μg/ml.静脉注射咪达唑仑0.05 mg/kg、芬太尼3μg/kg和罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg后,靶控输注依托咪酯,4组当效应室浓度分别达0.5、0.7、0.9、1.1 μg/ml时开始气管插管.分别于麻醉诱导前(基础状态)、气管插管前即刻、喉镜置入时、气管插管后1、3、5 min时记录听觉诱发电位指数(AAI),记录麻醉诱导期间肌阵挛、注射痛、脑电爆发性抑制(BS)的发生情况和血管活性药物的使用情况.结果 与E0.5组比较,E0.7组乌拉地尔使用率降低,E0.9组艾司洛尔和乌拉地尔使用率降低,BS发生率升高,E1.1组艾司洛尔和乌拉地尔使用率降低,阿托品和麻黄碱使用率及BS发生率升高(P＜0.05);与E0.7组比较,E0.9组BS发生率升高,E1.1组阿托品使用率和BS发生率升高(P＜0.05);与E0.9组比较,E1.1组BS发生率升高(P＜0.05),4组间AAI值、肌阵挛和注射痛的发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 复合咪达唑仑-芬太尼-罗库溴铵麻醉诱导时,依托咪酯的适宜靶浓度为0.7 μg/ml.     

静脉注射利多卡因对七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼无肌松药条件下气管插管效果的影响

目的 探讨静脉注射利多卡因对七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼无肌松药条件下气管插管效果的影响.方法气管插管全麻病人75例,年龄18～64岁,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级.采用随机数字表法,将病人随机分为3组(n=25),A组:七氟醚+瑞芬太尼1 μg/kg;B组:七氟醚+瑞芬太尼1 μg/kg+利多卡因1 mg/kg;C组:七氟醚+瑞芬太尼2 μg/kg.吸入8%七氟醚2 min时,A组静脉注射瑞芬太尼1μg/kg,B组静脉注射瑞芬太尼1 μg/kg和利多卡因1 mg/kg,C组静脉注射瑞芬太尼2 μg/kg.瑞芬太尼注射完毕后行气管插管.从置入喉镜、声带位置、声带活动、咳嗽反射和体动反应5个方面评价气管插管条件,分为满意、良好和欠佳3个级别,记录各项满意的发生情况.于麻醉诱导前、气管插管前即刻和气管插管后即刻记录MAP和HR.结果 病人均完成气管插管.与A组相比,B组和C组咳嗽反射的满意率升高,C组气管插管前即刻和气管插管后即刻MAP、HR降低(P＜0.05),B组气管插管前即刻和气管插管后即刻MAP和HR差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);B组咳嗽反射的满意率较C组升高(P＜0.05).气管插管期间,C组有3例发生低血压,1例心动过缓,A组和B组均未见低血压或心动过缓发生.结论 七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼用于无肌松药条件下气管插管时,静脉注射利多卡因1mg/kg不仅可优化气管插管条件,还可降低瑞芬太尼用量.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of intravenous lidocaine on the efficacy of sevoflurane combined with remifentanil for tracheal intubation without neuromuscular relaxants. Methods Seventy-five ASA Ⅰor Ⅱ patients, aged 18-64 yr, scheduled for elective surgery, needing tracheal intubation under general anesthesia, were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 25 each) : sevoflurane + remifentanil 1 μg/kg group (group A) ;sevoflurane + remifentanil 1 μg/kg + lidocaine 1 mg/kg group (group B); sevoflurane + remifentanil 2 μg/kg group (group C) . Two minutes after inhalation of 8% sevoflurane for anesthesia induction, remifentanil 1 μg/kg, remifentanil 1 μg/kg + lidocaine 1 mg/kg, and remifentanil 2 μg/kg were injected intravenously in groups A, B and C respectively. Tracheal intubation was performed after completion of remifentanil injection. Intubating conditions were assessed based on ease of laryngoscopy, position of vocal cords, activity of vocal cords, degree of coughing and limb movement. MAP and HR were also recorded before induction and immediately before and after intubation. Results Tracheal intubations were successful in all patients. The satisfactory rates of coughing were significantly higher in groups B and C, and MAP and HR were significantly lower immediately before and after intubation in group C than in group A ( P ＜ 0.05) . The satisfactory rate of coughing was significantly higher in group B than in group C ( P ＜ 0.05) . During intubation, 3 cases developed hypotension and 1 case bradycardia in group C. Conclusion When sevoflurane combined with remifentanil is used for tracheal intubation without neuromuscular relaxants, intravenous lidocaine 1 mg/kg can not only improve intubating conditions, but also decrease the consumption of remifentanil.     

复合七氟烷吸入用于患儿无肌松药气管插管时瑞芬太尼的半数有效剂量

目的 确定复合七氟烷吸入用于患儿无肌松药气管插管时瑞芬太尼的半数有效剂量(ED50).方法 择期手术患儿25例,年龄4～9岁,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级.吸入5%七氟烷行麻醉诱导,维持呼气末二氧化碳分压30～35 mm Hg.吸入七氟烷3 min后静脉注射瑞芬太尼,注射时间30 s,瑞芬太尼注射完毕后90 s时行气管插管.采用序贯法进行试验,瑞芬太尼初始剂量为1.2 μg/kg,相邻剂量比值为1.2.采用Viby-Mogensen评分法评价气管插管条件,气管插管失败时,静脉注射罗库溴铵0.3 mg/kg,待肌肉松驰后再行气管插管.计算瑞芬太尼的ED50及其95%可信区间.结果 复合5%七氟烷吸入用于患儿无肌松药气管插管时瑞芬太尼的ED50及其95%可信区间为0.68(0.65～0.71)μg/kg.结论 复合5%七氟烷吸入用于患儿无肌松药气管插管时瑞芬太尼的ED50及其95%可信区间为0.68(0.65～0.71)μg/kg.     

复合右美托咪定时瑞芬太尼抑制甲状腺手术患者无肌松气管插管反应的量效关系

目的:确定复合右美托咪定时瑞芬太尼抑制甲状腺手术患者无肌松气管插管反应的半数有效剂量(ED 50)和95%有效剂量(ED 95)。 方法:择期行术中神经监测下甲状腺手术患者,性别不限,年龄18～64岁,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,体重指数18～28 kg/m 2。麻醉诱导前10 m...     

咪达唑仑术前用药预防短小手术患儿七氟醚麻醉恢复期躁动的效果

目的 评价眯达唑仑术前用药预防短小手术患儿七氟醚麻醉恢复期躁动(EA)的效果.方法 择期扁桃体联合腺样体切除术患儿120例,性别不限,年龄3～9岁,体重15～35 kg,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法,将其分为4组(n=30),麻醉前30 min,对照组(C组)口服10％葡萄糖10 ml,不同剂量咪达唑仑组(M1-3组)分别口服0.25、0.50和0.75 mg/kg咪达唑仑与10％葡萄糖混合液10 ml.吸入七氟醚麻醉诱导,静脉输注瑞芬太尼和吸入七氟醚维持麻醉.采用患儿麻醉恢复期躁动量化评分表(PAED)评价患儿EA的发生情况.结果 与C组比较,M2组和M3组PAED评分及EA发生率降低(P＜0.05),M1组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与M1组比较,M2组和M3组PAED评分及EA发生率降低(P＜0.05);与M2组比较,M3组PAED评分及EA发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 口服咪达唑仑术前用药可预防患儿短小手术七氟醚麻醉恢复期躁动,其适宜剂量为0.50 mg/kg.     

无肌松药下瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚靶控输注诱导病人气管插管的可行性

目的 评价在无肌松药下瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚效应室靶浓度靶控输注（TCI）诱导时的气管插管条件。方法拟行气管插管全身麻醉的手术病人28例，ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。诱导前静脉注射咪达唑仑0．03mg／kg，以异丙酚和瑞芬太尼效应室靶浓度分别为3μg／ml和4ng／ml TCI行麻醉诱导。监测诱导、插管过程中的血压、心率和脑电双频指数（BIS）。插管时按面罩通气难易、下颌松弛程度、声带位置高低、置入喉镜难易、是否有咳嗽体动以及对套囊充气反应等方面对插管条件进行评价。结果与插管前即刻比较，插管后即刻心率加快，插管后即刻及插管后1min血压升高（P〈0．01）。插管前后的BIS值比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。所有病人均一次插管成功。插管条件综合评价的满意率为67．9％。结论在无肌松药下以效应室靶浓度TCI瑞芬太尼4ng／ml复合异丙酚3μg/ml麻醉诱导病人插管时可提供良好的气管插管条件。     

咪达唑仑联合瑞芬太尼在睑袋成形术麻醉中的应用

目的 评价咪达唑仑联合瑞芬太尼在睑袋成形术麻醉中的应用效果.方法 200例睑袋成形术者,随机分为实验组和对照组(每组100例).采用双盲法,实验组给予0.05 mg/kg咪达唑仑和0.5 μg/kg瑞芬太尼诱导,推注时间＞90 s,随后用瑞芬太尼0.05 μg/(kg· min)持续静脉泵注.对照组给予0.05 mg/kg咪达唑仑.并记录给药前、给药后3 min、手术开始时、术中、术毕、术后30 min的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、呼吸(RR)、脉搏氧饱和度(SpO2)的变化;手术时间、苏醒时间、术中术后不良反应发生率及受术者和手术医师的满意度等.结果 两组患者术中平均MAP、HR、RR、SpO2及术后苏醒时间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);实验组术后恶心、呕吐发生率明显高于对照组(P＜0.05);实验组受术者和医师满意度明显高于对照组[(91.3±11.6)比(52.7±10.4),P＜0.05].结论 咪达唑仑联合瑞芬太尼用于睑袋成形术麻醉,术中呼吸循环稳定.受术者和医师满意度高.但诱导阶段有呼吸抑制,苏醒阶段有恶心、呕吐的风险,需加以防范.     

不同血浆靶浓度瑞芬太尼对患儿吸入七氟烷诱导气管插管最低肺泡有效浓度的影响

目的 评价不同血浆靶浓度瑞芬太尼对患儿吸入七氟烷诱导气管插管最低肺泡有效浓度(MAC)的影响.方法 择期全麻患儿126例,年龄3～8岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为4组,对照组(C组,n=30);R1组(n=30)、R2组(n=30)和R3组(n=36)瑞芬太尼血浆靶浓度分别为1、2、3 ng/ml.均吸入5%七氟烷行麻醉诱导,睫毛反射消失后鼻腔置入导管连接气体分析仪,建立静脉通路,注射阿托品0.01 mg/kg,R1-3 组靶控输注瑞芬太尼.C组注射阿托品、R1-3组瑞芬太尼血浆浓度与效应室浓度达平衡后,采用改良序贯法进行试验,初始呼气末七氟烷浓度均为3.0%,相邻浓度比值为1.2,七氟烷呼气末浓度达到预定值并维持10 min后行气管插管.气管插管条件满意的标准:气管插管条件评分为6分.计算每组七氟烷MAC,并观察不良反应的发生情况.结果 C组、R1-3组患儿吸入七氟烷诱导气管插管的MAC分别为5%、3%、2%、1%,依次降低(P<0.01);所有患儿均无心动过缓、低血压等发生,R2组3例、R3组8例患儿因下颌松弛度差致喉镜无法置人或声门关闭,静脉注射罗库溴铵完成气管插管.结论 瑞芬太尼1 ng/ml可降低患儿吸入七氟烷诱导气管插管的最低肺泡有效浓度,且不良反应少.     

Remifentanil with thiopental for tracheal intubation without muscle relaxants

Tracheal intubation may be accomplished with remifentanil and a non-opioid IV anesthetic without a muscle relaxant. In this study, we evaluated in double-blinded, prospective, randomized manner the dose requirements for remifentanil with thiopental without muscle relaxant administration to obtain clinically acceptable intubation conditions and cardiovascular responses. After premedication with midazolam 0.03 mg/kg IV, 105 patients were randomized equally to one of three study groups, each receiving the following: remifentanil 2 micro g/kg (Group I), 3 micro g/kg (Group II), and 4 micro g/kg (Group III). Remifentanil was administered over 30 s, and anesthesia was induced with thiopental 5 mg/kg. Tracheal intubation conditions were assessed by the anesthesiologist performing the intubation as: (a) excellent, (b) satisfactory, (c) fair, and (d) unsatisfactory. There were no statistically significant differences among groups regarding to demographic data. Blood pressure and heart rate did not increase in any group after accomplishing intubation. There was a significant improvement in intubation conditions between Groups I and II, I and III, and II and III (P < 0.001). We conclude that remifentanil 4 micro g/kg administered before thiopental 5 mg/kg provided excellent or satisfactory intubation conditions in 94% of patients and prevented cardiovascular responses to intubation. IMPLICATIONS: We evaluated in a double-blinded manner the dose requirements for remifentanil with thiopental without muscle relaxants for obtaining acceptable intubation condition. Our results show that remifentanil 4 micro g/kg administered before thiopental provided excellent or satisfactory intubation condition in 94% of patients.     

妇科腹腔镜手术患者右美托咪啶或瑞芬太尼复合七氟醚麻醉效果的比较

目的 比较妇科腹腔镜手术患者使用右美托咪啶复合七氟醚与瑞芬太尼复合七氟醚麻醉的效果.方法 择期拟行妇科腹腔镜手术患者40例,年龄18～64岁,BMI 18～30 kg/m2,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级.采用随机数字表法,将患者随机均分为2组(n=20):右美托咪啶复合麻醉组(D组)和瑞芬太尼复合麻醉组(R组).D组和R组麻醉诱导前5 min时静脉输注右美托咪啶0.05μg·kg·min-1或瑞芬太尼0.1μg·kg-1·min-1,10 min后输注速率为右美托咪啶0.3μg·kg-1·h-1,瑞芬太尼0.15μg·kg-1·min-1.麻醉诱导:静脉注射异丙酚1.5～2.0 mg/kg、顺阿曲库铵0.15 mg/kg和芬太尼2 μg/kg,气管插管后行机械通气,维持PET CO2 35～40 mm Hg.麻醉维持:吸人3%七氟醚,并调节其吸入浓度维持Narcotrend指数40～50,气腹开始时静脉注射芬太尼1 μg/kg,按需静脉注射顺阿曲库铵.分别于给药前、气管插管后5 min、气腹10 min和气管拔管后5 min时,抽取颈外静脉血样,测定血清皮质醇、去甲肾上腺素和肾上腺素的浓度,并行血气分析,记录pH值、乳酸和葡萄糖的浓度.记录呼吸恢复时间、睁眼时间、气管拔管时间和定向力恢复时间.记录围术期不良反应的发生情况和术后2 h内镇痛药的使用情况.结果 与R组比较,D组气腹10 min时血清去甲肾上腺素和肾上腺素的浓度降低,呼吸恢复时间缩短,睁眼时间延长,气管拔管期间心动过速、术后寒战和恶心呕吐的发生率降低,术后芬太尼的使用率降低(P＜0.05).结论 妇科腹腔镜手术患者右美托咪啶复合七氟醚麻醉的效果优于瑞芬太尼复合七氟醚.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the efficacy of dexmedetomidine versus remifentanil in combination with sevoflurane for gynecological laparoscopy. Methods Forty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 18-64 yr with body mass index of 18-30 kg/m2 undergoing gynecological laparoscopy were randomly assigned to one of two groups ( n =20 each): dexmedetomidine group (group D) and remifentanil group (group R). Starting from 5 min before induction of anesthesia, dexmedetomidine was infused at 0.05 μg · kg - 1 · min- 1 in group D and remifentanil at 0.1 μg· kg- 1· min-1 in group R for 10 min, then dexmedetomidine infusion rate was increased to 0. 3 μg· kg-1 · h-1 and remifentanil infusion rate was increased to 0.15 μg· kg-1 · min-1 . Anesthesia was induced with propofol 1.5-2.0 mg/kg and fentanyl 2 μg/kg. Tracheal intubation was facilitated with cis-atracurium 0.15 mg/kg. Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane and fentanyl 1 μg/kg and intermittent iv boluses of cis-atracurium. Narcotrend index was maintained at 40-50. Blood sample was taken from external jugular vein for blood gas analysis and determination of serum concentrations of corticosteroid, norepinephrine and epinephrine before administration, at 5 min after intubation, at 10 min of aeroperitoneum and at 5 min after extubation. The pH value and concentrations of lactic acid and glucose were recorded. The time for recovery of spontaneous breathing, eye-opening time, extubation time, orientation time and perioperative side-effects were recorded. Numeric rating scale was used to assess the intensity of pain during 2 h after operation. The analgesics used were also recorded. Results The serum concentrations of norepinephrine and epinephrine were significanfly lower at 10 min of aeroperitoneum, the time for recovery of spontaneous breathing was shorter, eye-opening time longer and the incidence of shivering and nausea and vomiting lower, the percentage of patients requiring rescue opioids lower in group D than in group R ( P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion The efficacy of dexmedetomidine combined with sevoflurane anesthesia is better than remifentanil combined with sevoflurane anesthesia for gynecological laparoscopy.     

Remifentanil and propofol without muscle relaxants or with different doses of rocuronium for tracheal intubation in outpatient anaesthesia

BACKGROUND: The use of muscle relaxants in outpatient anaesthesia is controversial; some authors recommend an induction regimen including propofol and opioids without muscle relaxants. This study evaluated the requirements for rocuronium after remifentanil/propofol. METHODS: We examined in four groups of ASA I-II patients (n= 30 for each) the intubating conditions three minutes after induction of anaesthesia with remifentanil 0.5 microg kg(-1) min(-1), propofol 2 mg kg(-1) without muscle relaxants or with different doses of rocuronium (0.6 mg kg(-1), 0.45 mg kg(-1), 0.3 mg kg(-1)) applying the criteria proposed by the Copenhagen Consensus Conference. In the second part of the study the time course of neuromuscular block was determined by electromyography using train-of-four (TOF) stimulation. To this end, another 60 ASA I-II patients were randomly assigned to receive remifentanil 0.5 microg kg(-1) min(-1), propofol 2 mg kg(-1) and either rocuronium 0.6 mg kg(-1), 0.45 mg kg(-1), 0.3 mg kg(-1), or 0.3 mg kg(-1) followed by neostigmine 40 microg kg(-1) and atropine 20 microg kg(-1) at a T1 recovery of 10% (n=15 for each). RESULTS: Intubating conditions were good or excellent in 30 patients after rocuronium 0.6 mg kg(-1) and in 18 patients when rocuronium was omitted (P<0.01). After 0.45 mg kg(-1) and 0.3 mg kg(-1) rocuronium the numbers were 29 and 30 patients, respectively. Reducing rocuronium from 0.6 mg kg(-1) to 0.45 mg kg(-1) or 0.3 mg kg(-1) increased the onset time from 136 (35) s to 199 (34) s and 249 (52) s (mean (SD)), (P<0.01); the clinical duration decreased from 38 (10) min to 24 (8) min and 16 (5) min, respectively (P<0.01); and the duration to a TOF-ratio of 0.8 decreased from 60 (11) min to 45 (9) min and 34 (7) min (P<0.01). After rocuronium 0.3 mg kg(-1) this time interval further decreased to 22 (3) min when neostigmine was given at a T1 of 10% (P<0.01 compared with spontaneous recovery after rocuronium 0.3 mg kg(-1)). CONCLUSION: After remifentanil/propofol intubation conditions were poor in 40% of patients without muscle relaxants; adding reduced doses of rocuronium to this regimen improved the intubation conditions significantly. In addition, reducing the initial dose of rocuronium markedly shortened its time course of action.     

光棒与纤维支气管镜用于强直性脊柱炎困难气道气管插管的比较

目的 比较光棒(light wand,LW)与纤维支气管镜(fiberoptic bronchoscope,FOB)用于强直性脊柱炎患者的困难气道行气管插管的应用效果.方法 选择62例行择期手术的强直性脊柱炎患者,随机分为LW引导气管插管组(LW组,n=32)和FOB引导气管插管组(FOB组,n=30),经口行气管插管,记录插管时间、成功率,评估血流动力学及插管相关并发症.结果 LW组患者气管插管时间明显短于FOB组(P＜0.01),在插管成功率、气管插管相关并发症及血流动力学变化等方面,两组之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 LW和FOB均可用于强直性脊柱炎患者困难气道的气管插管,成功率高,并发症少,对血流动力学影响轻微,而LW操作更为简单,并能缩短气管插管时间.