SLIPA喉罩用于侧卧位手术患者应急气道管理7例

侧卧位手术患者椎管内阻滞、区域神经阻滞等麻醉下术中若需要改为全麻时,气管内插管较困难,而改用一般喉罩(LMA)通气时,因软性罩体于充气前不能保持在头部中轴线,从而使罩体充气后偏离声门,导致通气失败.     

SLIPA喉罩用于妇科手术全麻气道管理

SLIPA喉罩又被称为喉罩气道导管~([1]),结构简单,是一种空心吹塑而成的通气管,是声门上区的通气道装置,在临床麻醉中应用可避免对患者声门和气道的损伤,患者对其有较好的耐受性.SLIPA喉罩操作简便易行,为一次性使用通气道,可避免院内交叉感染,临床应用前景广,目前国内少有报道.本观察将SLIPA喉罩用于妇科手术的全麻气道管理,探讨其临床应用的可行性和安全性.     

全麻手术患者LMAS喉罩和SLIPA喉罩气道管理的效果

目的 比较全麻手术患者LMAS喉罩和SLIPA喉罩气道管理的效果.方法 择期全麻手术患者80例,年龄18～70岁,体重45～80 kg,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,随机分为2组(n=40):LMAS喉罩组(L组)和SLIPA喉罩组(S组).麻醉诱导后置入喉罩,行机械通气.记录MAP和HR、喉罩置入情况、喉罩置入时间、气道密闭压、最高气道压、平均气道压、置入喉罩后返流和误吸的发生情况、拔除喉罩后粘血的发生情况及术毕和术后24 h内咽痛的发生情况.结果 两组MAP和HR差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组喉罩全部置入成功,一次置入成功率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与L组比较,S组喉罩置入时间延长,气道密闭压降低(P＜0.05),最高气道压和平均气道压差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组均未发生返流和误吸.与L组比较,S组喉罩粘血和术毕咽痛的发生率升高(P＜0.05),术后24 h内咽痛的发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 LMAS喉罩和SLIPA喉罩置入简单易行,气道密封效果好,可有效保证通气,不良反应少.LMAS喉罩用于全麻手术患者气道管理的效果更好.     

喉导管与SLIPA喉罩用于肥胖患者腹腔镜手术气道管理效果的比较

目的 比较喉导管与SLIPA喉罩用于肥胖患者腹腔镜手术气道管理的效果.方法 择期腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者60例,年龄40～60岁,性别不限,体重指数＞30 kg/m2,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为2组(n=30);喉导管组(Ⅰ组)和SLIPA喉罩组(Ⅱ组).两组均靶控输注异丙酚(血浆靶浓度3～5 μg/ml)和瑞芬太尼(血浆靶浓度4～6 ng/ml),静脉注射罗库溴铵0.6mg/kg,BIS值50 ～ 60时置入喉导管或SLIPA喉罩,行机械通气.观察指标:置入前后即刻、拔除前后即刻的HR、MAP;置入时间及次数;纤维支气管镜检查分级(评价置入位置);气道密封压;术中SpO2、气道峰压(Ppeak)和PETCO2;气道管理失败、术中误吸及咽部不良反应的发生情况.结果 与Ⅱ组比较,Ⅰ组置入时间缩短(P＜0.05);纤维支气管镜检查分级、气道密封压及咽部不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组一次置入成功率均大于90％,术中气道管理失败率为0,未见误吸发生;两组置入前后、拔除前后HR及MAP差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);术中SpO2、Ppeak、PETCO2均维持在正常范围.结论 喉导管和SLIPA喉罩均可安全有效地用于肥胖患者腹腔镜手术的气道管理,而喉导管更易置入.     

SLIPA喉罩用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者气道管理的效果

SLIPA喉罩是一种新型的声门上通气装置,根据咽部结构由特殊材料吹制塑形而成,虽然没有充气罩,但仍可获得良好的气道密封效果,可用于正压通气和自主呼吸[1].本研究拟评价SLIPA喉罩用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者气道管理的效果.     

腹腔镜手术患者CLMA喉罩、SLIPA喉罩与PLMA喉罩气道管理的效果

目的 比较经典型喉罩(CLMA喉罩)、SLIPA喉罩和食管引流型喉罩(PLMA喉罩)用于腹腔镜手术患者气道管理的效果.方法 择期行腹腔镜手术患者123例,年龄20～64岁,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,随机分为3组:CLMA组(C组,n=41)、SLIPA组(S组,n=42)和PLMA组(P组,n=40).麻醉诱导后置入喉罩,行间歇正压通气.测定气道密封压后实施气腹.评估喉罩置入难易性.记录首次喉罩置入情况、喉罩置入时间、麻醉恢复时间和不良反应的发生情况.于气腹前及气腹压至12 mm Hg时记录气道吸气峰压(PIP)及气道密封压＜PIP的发生情况.结果 C组有1例患者更换喉罩型号后置入成功,其余患者均首次喉罩置入成功,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与C组比较,S组喉罩置入时间和麻醉恢复时间缩短,喉罩置入容易,P组喉罩置入时间延长,气道密封压升高,气道密封压＜PIP的患者减少(P＜0.05).与S组比较,P组喉罩置入时间和麻醉恢复时间延长,喉罩置入稍难,气道密封压升高,气道密封压＜PIP的患者减少(P＜0.05).与气腹前比较,各组气腹至12 mm Hg时PIP升高(P＜0.05).三组患者不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 CLMA喉罩、SLIPA喉罩和PLMA喉罩均可保证有效通气,不良反应少.SLIPA喉罩置入更简单,而PLMA喉罩气道密封效果好,更适用于腹腔镜手术患者.     

SLIPA喉罩用于全麻气道管理的观察

SLIPA喉罩(Streamlined Liner of Pharynx Airway)是南非麻醉科医师Don Miller在2000年受普通喉罩原理的启发而发明的一种新型喉上通气装置,经临床反复实践和论证逐渐完善,于2004年6月正式面市[1].SLIPA喉罩为一次吹塑而成,形状与咽部解剖结构吻合.目前国内关于其临床应用少有报道,本研究拟比较SLIPA喉罩和气管插管用于全麻气道管理,通过观察插管(置入喉罩)和拔管(拔出喉罩)的血流动力学变化、通气状况、不良反应,评估SLIPA喉罩用于全麻气道管理的有效性和安全性.     

新型SLIPA喉罩用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者气道管理的效果

SLIPA喉罩是一种免充气的声门上通气装置,具有操作简单、气道密封性好、对咽喉部刺激小等优点[1].但在临床使用时仍存在发生返流误吸的风险,并且由于不能放置胃管引流,手术中胃胀气往往影响手术视野.为此,本科室在SLIPA喉罩的基础上设计了一种新型的SLIPA喉罩,并已获得专利授权(专利号:200920315786.0).本研究拟与双腔食管引流型喉罩(PLMA喉罩)进行比较,评价新型SLIPA喉罩用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者气道管理的效果.     

喉罩用于隆胸手术患者气道管理的效果

[摘要]目的观察喉罩通气全凭静脉麻醉用于隆胸术的临床效果。方法选择ASAI～Ⅱ级女性隆胸手术患者40例,年龄23—42岁;体重45—67kg;随机分为气管内插管组（A组,n=20）与喉罩组（B组,n=20）两组,A组静脉注射芬太尼0．2mg、丙泊酚2．0—2．5mg／kg、阿曲库铵0．15mg／kg诱导,插入气管导管;B组静脉注射芬太尼0．1mg、丙泊酚2．0～2．5mg／kg诱导,插入普通型喉罩,两组均接麻醉机行IPPV模式控制呼吸,两组均以微量泵持续泵入丙泊酚6～9tLg／（kg·min）,瑞芬太尼0．1—0．15μg/（kg·min）维持麻醉,A组间断静脉注射阿曲库铵,手术结束前10min停止用药,待受术者呼之能应,呼吸良好时拔除气管导管或喉罩。观察记录两组患者气管内插管和喉罩置入时间及置人情况、监测病人麻醉前（11D）、插管（插喉罩）后即刻（T1）、分离胸部肌肉时（他）、植入假体时（T3）、喉罩和气管导管拔除后即刻（T4）时的MAP、HR及SpO：的变化、通气状态以及操作时及术后的相关不良反应。结果A组1次成功完成气管内插管率与B组1次成功置入喉罩率无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;A组诱导时芬太尼用量显著多于B组（P〈0．05）;A组气管内插管后即刻（T1）以及拔管后即刻（rr4）的MAP及HR较诱导前显著升高（P〈0．05）,分离胸部肌肉时（T2）与植入假体时（T3）SBP、DBP、MAP和HR值均低于麻醉前,而B组T1、T2、T3时均较诱导前低（P〈0．05）;T4与诱导前相比无明显差异（P〉0．05）。A组插管时发生口腔粘膜出血及术后发生咽喉疼痛及呛咳的患者明显多于B组（P〈0．05）。结论与气管内插管全麻相比,喉罩通气全凭静脉麻醉施行隆胸手术,麻醉效果更满意、循环更稳定、并发症更少,术后恢复更舒适。     

乳腺手术患者SLIPA与普通喉罩气道管理效果的比较

SLIPA是一种新型口咽部的通气导管,又称为喉罩气道导管~([1]).结构简单,由通气罩囊和通气管构成,外形像靴子,罩囊中部有凸起,凸起前部的开口处与声门处相对应,罩囊形状与口咽喉部的解剖结构相吻合.本研究拟比较乳腺肿物切除术中SLIPA和普通喉罩的气道管理效果.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者SLIPA喉罩和PLMA喉罩气道管理的效果

食管引流型喉罩(PLMA喉罩)作为第三代喉罩,与普通喉罩相比,其套囊形状与咽喉部的解剖结构相吻合,并增加了引流管,因此可维持较好的通气效果[1],且降低了返流和误吸的发生[2].     

SLIPA喉罩用于高龄手术患者的安全性

SUPA喉罩是一种新型喉上通气装置,投放临床不久,用于高龄手术患者的报道较少。笔者通过SLIPA喉罩和气管导管的使用对比．探讨SLIPA喉罩用于高龄患者静吸复合全麻的安全性。     

Supreme喉罩用于腹腔镜手术患者气道管理的效果

目的 评价Supreme喉罩用于腹腔镜手术患者气道管理的效果.方法 择期全麻下行腹腔镜手术的患者120例,性别不限,年龄35～60岁,体重48～85 kg,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,Mallampatis Ⅰ～Ⅲ级,随机分为2组(n=60):Supreme喉罩组(S组)和气管插管组(T组).S组根据患者体重选择喉罩型号,麻醉诱导后置入喉罩,并经引流管放置胃管,T组在直接喉镜下行气管插管.记录气管插管或喉罩置入时间及置人情况;记录S组胃管置入状况和喉罩气道密封压,并行纤维支气管镜检查评分,以评价喉罩对位情况;记录术中SpO2、PrrCO2和气道峰压(Ppeak),记录拔除气管导管或喉罩后不良反应的发生情况;记录手术时间、麻醉时间、拔管时间和苏醒时间.结果 与T组比较,S组喉罩置入时间、拔管时间和苏醒时间缩短,拔除喉罩后低氧血症、呛咳、咽喉痛的发生率降低(P<0.05);两组均无返流误吸发生.各时点spO2、PETCO2、Ppeak均在正常范围内,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).S组喉罩置入成功率和T组气管插管成功率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),S组喉罩气道密封压为(25±4)cm H2O,喉罩对位准确率95%,胃管放置成功率100%.结论 Supreme喉罩通气效果好,气道密封性可靠,拔除后不良反应少,可安全有效地用于腹腔镜手术患者的全麻气道管理.     

Supreme喉罩用于腹腔镜手术患者气道管理的效果

Objective To assess the efficacy of laryngeal mask airway Supreme (LMA Supreme) used in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery. Methods One hundred and twenty ASA I or Ⅱ patients of both sexes aged 35-60 yr weighing 48-85 kg undergoing elective laparoscopic surgery were randomized to 2 groups ( n = 60 each): LMA Supreme group (group S) and tracheal intubation group (group T). Mallampati test was performed before operation in both groups. The patients were classified as I - Ⅲ . In group S the LMA Supreme was inserted after induction of anesthesia with sufentanil 0.2 fig/kg, propofol 2-3 mg/kg and vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg. A gastric tube was inserted through the drain tube of the LMA Supreme. In group T the patients were intubated under direct laryngoscopy. The success rate, LMA placement/intubation time, success rate of gastric tube placement, airway seal pressure, SpO2, PETCO2 , peak airway pressure and complications (hypoxemia, nausea and vomiting, choking hoarseness, sore throat and regurgitation of gastric contents) were recorded. The duration of surgery, anesthesia time, extubation time and emergence time were also recorded. Results There was no significant difference in the success rate between the two groups. The placement and removal time and recovery time were significantly shorter in group S than in group T. The airway seal pressure was (25 ±4) cm H2O in group S. SpO2, PETCO2 and peak pressure were within normal range in both groups. The incidence of postoperative hypoxemia, choking and sore throat were significantly lower in group S than in group T. Conclusion LMA Supreme can provide adequate ventilation during operation with less complications and can be used effectively for laparoscopic surgery.     

Supreme喉罩用于腹腔镜手术患者气道管理的效果

Objective To assess the efficacy of laryngeal mask airway Supreme (LMA Supreme) used in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery. Methods One hundred and twenty ASA I or Ⅱ patients of both sexes aged 35-60 yr weighing 48-85 kg undergoing elective laparoscopic surgery were randomized to 2 groups ( n = 60 each): LMA Supreme group (group S) and tracheal intubation group (group T). Mallampati test was performed before operation in both groups. The patients were classified as I - Ⅲ . In group S the LMA Supreme was inserted after induction of anesthesia with sufentanil 0.2 fig/kg, propofol 2-3 mg/kg and vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg. A gastric tube was inserted through the drain tube of the LMA Supreme. In group T the patients were intubated under direct laryngoscopy. The success rate, LMA placement/intubation time, success rate of gastric tube placement, airway seal pressure, SpO2, PETCO2 , peak airway pressure and complications (hypoxemia, nausea and vomiting, choking hoarseness, sore throat and regurgitation of gastric contents) were recorded. The duration of surgery, anesthesia time, extubation time and emergence time were also recorded. Results There was no significant difference in the success rate between the two groups. The placement and removal time and recovery time were significantly shorter in group S than in group T. The airway seal pressure was (25 ±4) cm H2O in group S. SpO2, PETCO2 and peak pressure were within normal range in both groups. The incidence of postoperative hypoxemia, choking and sore throat were significantly lower in group S than in group T. Conclusion LMA Supreme can provide adequate ventilation during operation with less complications and can be used effectively for laparoscopic surgery.     

SLIPA喉罩在老年患者侧卧位全麻手术中的应用

目的 观察SLIPA喉罩在老年患者侧卧位全麻手术中的应用效果.方法 行人工全髋置换术老年患者60例随机均分为SLIPA喉罩组(S组)和气管插管组(G组).麻醉期间常规监测HR、SBP、DBP.记录喉罩或气管导管插入次数、成功率.每15分钟记录SpO2、PET CO2、气道压峰值,以及麻醉时间、手术时间、拔管时间、苏醒时间、拔管后不良反应.结果 S组插管即刻、拔管即刻HR明显慢于G组,SBP、DBP均明显低于G组(P＜0.05).S组拔管时间、苏醒时间均短于G组(P＜0.05).S组拔管后无呛咳,G组有9例(30％)呛咳(P＜0.05).两组咽喉痛发生率无差异,且两组均无反流误吸发生.结论 老年患者侧卧位全麻手术中SLIPA喉罩与气管插管通气效果相同,心血管反应更小,不良反应更少.     

i-gel喉罩用于妇科腹腔镜手术患者气道管理的效果

目的 评价i-gel喉罩用于妇科腹腔镜手术患者气道管理的效果.方法 择期全麻下拟行妇科腹腔镜手术患者60例,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄21～64岁,体重45～90 kg,Mallampatti分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ级,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为2组(n=30):i-gel喉罩组(I组)和Supreme喉罩组(S组).根据体重选择喉罩型号,麻醉诱导后置入喉罩,经引流管放置胃管,行机械通气.记录喉罩置入时间、置入次数、胃管置入次数、喉罩密封压、纤维支气管镜检查分级、术中血液动力学指标、通气指标、麻醉时间和苏醒时间,记录拔除喉罩后咽喉痛、吞咽痛和声音嘶哑的发生情况.结果 两组麻醉时间、苏醒时间、喉罩置入时间、纤维支气管镜检查分级、术中血液动力学指标和通气指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).两组喉罩和胃管置入成功率均为100%.与S组比较,I组喉罩密封压升高,咽喉痛和吞咽痛发生率降低(P<0.05或0.01).结论 i-gel喉罩气道密封性可靠,并发症少,可安全有效地应用于妇科腹腔镜手术患者的气道管理.

Abstract：

Objective To assess the efficacy of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) i-gel used in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgery. Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients, aged 21-64 yr, weighing 4590 kg, undergoing elective laparoscopic gynecological surgery, were randomized into 2 groups ( n = 30 each):LMA i-gel group (group Ⅰ) and LMA Supreme group (group S) . Mallampatti test was performed before operation in both groups. Anesthesia was induced with target-controlled infusion of propofol (target plasma concentration 2.5-4.0 μg/ml) and remifentanil (target plasma concentration 3-6 ng/ml) . After the patients lost consciousness, rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg was given to facilitate the LMA insertion. LMA i-gel and LMA Supreme were inserted in I and S groups respectively. A gastric tube was inserted through the drain tube of the LMA. In group S the air was injected into the cuff to make intracuff pressure reach 60 cm H2O after successful LMA insertion. The LMA placement time, the number of attempts of LMA insertion, the number of attempts of gastric tube placement, the airway sealing pressure, the parameters of hemodynamics and ventilation, and complications (sore throat, odynopliagia,hoarseness) were recorded. The fiberoptic laryngoscopy scores were assessed after successful LMA placement. The anesthesia time and recovery time were also recorded. Results There was no significant difference in the anesthesia time, recovery time, LMA placement time, fiberoptic bronchoscopy scores and the parameters of hemodynamics and ventilation between the two group. The success rates of LMA and gastric tube placement were 100% in both groups. The airway sealing pressure was significantly higher, while the incidence of sore throat and odynopliagia was significantly lower in group I than in group S. Conclusion LMA i-gel provides adequate ventilation during operation with fewer complications and can be used effectively for gynecological laparoscopic surgery.     

i-gel喉罩用于腹腔镜胆囊手术患者气道管理的效果

目的 评价i-gel喉罩用于腹腔镜胆囊手术患者气道管理的效果.方法 择期全麻下拟行腹腔镜胆囊手术患者120例,性别不限,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄34～62岁,体重45～90 kg,随机分为2组(n=60):ProSeal喉罩组(P组)和i-gel喉罩组(Ⅰ组).根据体重选择喉罩型号,麻醉诱导后置入喉罩,行机械通气,并经引流管放置胃管.记录喉罩置入次数、喉罩及胃管置入情况、纤支镜检查评分,测定喉罩密封压,观察术中口咽部漏气、低氧血症的发生情况.术中监测SpO2、PETCO2、气道峰压,观察拔除喉罩后恶心、呕吐、呛咳、声嘶、咽喉痛、返流误吸的发生情况,记录麻醉时间、手术时间、拔除喉罩时间及苏醒时间.结果 两组麻醉时间、手术时间、拔除喉罩时间及苏醒时间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组术中SpO2、PETCO2、气道峰压均在正常范围内.与P组比较,Ⅰ组喉罩首次置入成功率和纤支镜检查评分升高,喉罩置入时间缩短(P＜0.05).两组喉罩和胃管置入成功率均为100%;Ⅰ组和P组喉罩密封压比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);Ⅰ组咽喉痛发生率低于P组(P＜0.05),恶心呕吐、呛咳发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),两组无一例发生声嘶、返流误吸.结论 i-gel喉罩易于置入,气道密封性可靠,通气效果好,不良反应少,可安全有效地用于腹腔镜胆囊手术患者的气道管理.     

Supreme喉罩用于妇科腹腔镜手术患者气道管理的效果

目的 评价Supreme喉罩用于妇科腹腔镜手术患者气道管理的效果.方法 择期行妇科腹腔镜手术的患者80例,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄40～64岁,体重50～70 kg,身高158～170 cm,Mallampatis分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,随机分为2组(n=40):Supreme喉罩组(S组)和ProSeal喉罩组(P组).麻醉诱导后置入喉罩,行机械通气,并经引流管置入胃管.记录手术时间、气腹时间、清醒时间、喉罩置入时间、喉罩及胃管置入情况;记录喉罩囊内压为60 cm H2O时的充气量和气道密封压,并采用纤维支气管镜进行通气罩咽部解剖结构显露分级;术中监测BP、HR、ECG、SpO2、PETCO2,记录术后咽喉部不良反应的发生情况.结果 两组手术时间、气腹时间、清醒时间比较差异无统计意义(P＞0.05).两组术中BP、HR、SpO2、PETCO2、气道峰压均在正常范围,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与P组比较,S组喉罩一次置入成功率、胃管一次置入成功率升高,喉罩置入时间缩短,通气罩咽部解剖结构显露分级升高,术后喉罩带血的发生率降低(P＜0.05);两组喉罩置入成功率均为100%,喉罩置入成功率、气道密封压、喉罩充气量比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 Supreme喉罩通气效果好,气道密封性可靠,易于置入,可安全有效地用于妇科腹腔镜手术患者的气道管理.     

i-gel喉罩用于妇科腹腔镜手术患者气道管理的效果

Objective To assess the efficacy of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) i-gel used in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgery. Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients, aged 21-64 yr, weighing 4590 kg, undergoing elective laparoscopic gynecological surgery, were randomized into 2 groups ( n = 30 each):LMA i-gel group (group Ⅰ) and LMA Supreme group (group S) . Mallampatti test was performed before operation in both groups. Anesthesia was induced with target-controlled infusion of propofol (target plasma concentration 2.5-4.0 μg/ml) and remifentanil (target plasma concentration 3-6 ng/ml) . After the patients lost consciousness, rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg was given to facilitate the LMA insertion. LMA i-gel and LMA Supreme were inserted in I and S groups respectively. A gastric tube was inserted through the drain tube of the LMA. In group S the air was injected into the cuff to make intracuff pressure reach 60 cm H2O after successful LMA insertion. The LMA placement time, the number of attempts of LMA insertion, the number of attempts of gastric tube placement, the airway sealing pressure, the parameters of hemodynamics and ventilation, and complications (sore throat, odynopliagia,hoarseness) were recorded. The fiberoptic laryngoscopy scores were assessed after successful LMA placement. The anesthesia time and recovery time were also recorded. Results There was no significant difference in the anesthesia time, recovery time, LMA placement time, fiberoptic bronchoscopy scores and the parameters of hemodynamics and ventilation between the two group. The success rates of LMA and gastric tube placement were 100% in both groups. The airway sealing pressure was significantly higher, while the incidence of sore throat and odynopliagia was significantly lower in group I than in group S. Conclusion LMA i-gel provides adequate ventilation during operation with fewer complications and can be used effectively for gynecological laparoscopic surgery.