七氟醚预先给药对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤时胱硫醚β-合酶和血红素氧合酶-1表达的影响

目的 评价七氟醚预先给药对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤时胱硫醚β-合酶(CBS)和血红素氧合酶-1(HO-1)表达的影响.方法 健康成年雄性SD大鼠30只,体重180～220 g,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为3组(n=10):假手术组(S组)、缺血再灌注损伤组(I/R组)和七氟醚组(Sev组).结扎左冠状动脉前降支,缺血30 min,再灌注2h,制备心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型.Sev组于缺血前吸入七氟醚,呼气末浓度1.5％～1.7％,60 min后制备心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型.于再灌注2h时处死大鼠,取心肌组织,测定MDA含量(硫代巴比妥酸法)、SOD活性(黄嘌呤氧化酶法)、GSH含量(荧光法)、H2S含量(分光光度法)、CO含量(分光光度法)、CBS mRNA和HO-1 mRNA表达(RT-PCR法),电镜下观察心肌细胞超微结构.结果 与S组比较,I/R组和Sev组CO、H2S、MDA含量和心肌细胞线粒体变性率升高,CBS mRNA和HO-1 mRNA表达上调,SOD活性及GSH含量降低(P＜0.05);与I/R组比较,Sev组CO、H2S、MDA含量和心肌细胞线粒体变性率降低,CBS mRNA和HO-1 mRNA表达下调,SOD活性和GSH含量升高(P＜0.05).结论 七氟醚预先给药减轻心肌缺血再灌注损伤的机制与下调CBS和HO-1的表达有关.     

七氟醚预处理对大鼠肺缺血再灌注时肺组织血管紧张素转化酶mRNA表达的影响

目的 探讨七氟醚预处理对大鼠肺缺血再灌注时肺组织血管紧张素转化酶(ACE) mRNA表达的影响.方法 成年雄性SD大鼠54只,体重250 ～ 320 g,采用随机数字表法,将其分为3组(n=18):假手术组(S组)仅游离左肺门,但不阻断;肺缺血再灌注组(I/R组)采用阻断左肺门45 min后再灌注120 min的方法制备大鼠肺缺血再灌注模型;七氟醚预处理组(SP组)吸入2.1％七氟醚30min,停止吸入后10 min时后制备肺缺血再灌注模型.于再灌注30、60和120 min时随机取6只大鼠,处死取肺组织,测定湿/干重比(W/D比),采用比色法测定髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性,采用RT-PCR法测定ACE mRNA的表达,光镜下观察肺组织病理学结果.结果 与S组比较,I/R组和SP组再灌注各时点肺组织W/D比、MPO活性和ACE mRNA表达水平均升高(P＜0.05);与I/R组比较,SP组再灌注各时点肺组织W/D比、MPO活性和ACE mRNA表达水平降低(P＜0.05).SP组肺组织病理学损伤较I/R组减轻.结论 七氟醚预处理可能通过下调ACE mRNA的表达从而减轻大鼠肺缺血再灌注损伤.     

辛伐他汀预处理对肢体缺血再灌注诱发肺损伤大鼠肺组织血红素加氧酶-1表达的影响

目的 评价辛伐他汀预处理对肢体缺血再灌注诱发肺损伤大鼠肺组织血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)表达的影响.方法 成年雄性SD大鼠48只,体重250～300 g,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为6组(n=8):假手术组(S组)、肢体缺血再灌注组(IR组)、辛伐他汀1、5、10 mg/kg组(S1组、S2组、S3组)和辛伐他汀对照组(SC组).采用夹闭股动脉2 h,再灌注3 h的方法制备肢体缺血再灌注模型.S组:仅分离股动脉和股静脉,不夹闭;IR组:制备肢体缺血再灌注模型;S1组、S2组、S3组:分别将辛伐他汀1、5、10 mg/kg溶于1 ml蒸馏水,于每13清晨灌胃1次,连续灌胃3 d后制备肢体缺血再灌注模型;SC组:辛伐他汀10 mg/kg溶于1 ml蒸馏水,于每日清晨灌胃1次,连续灌胃3 d.再灌注3 h时取颈动脉血样,行血气分析,记录PaO2和PaCO2,随后处死大鼠,取肺组织,观察病理学结果,计算湿重/干重比(W/D比),测定SOD活性,计数PMN,测定HO-1 mRNA及其蛋白的表达水平.结果 与S组比较,IR组PaO2及PaCO2降低,IR组、S1组和S2组肺组织W/D比和PMN计数升高,SOD活性降低(P＜0.05),S3组和SC组上述指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),IR组、S1组、S2组、S3组和SC 组肺组织H0-1 mRNA及其蛋白表达上调(P＜0.01);与IR组比较,S1组、S2组和S3组PaO2、PaCO2及肺组织SOD活性升高,肺组织W/D比和PMN计数降低,肺组织HO-1 mRNA及其蛋白表达上调(P＜0.05或0.01);S1组、S2组和S3组肺组织WID比和PMN计数依次降低,SOD活性依次升高,HO-1 mRNA及其蛋白表达依次上调(P＜0.05或0.01).S1组、S2组和S3组肺组织病理性损伤较IR组减轻.结论 辛伐他汀预处理可上调肢体缺血再灌注大鼠肺组织HO-1的表达,从而产生肺保护作用,且呈剂量依赖性.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of simvastatin preconditioning on the pulmonary heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in rats with lung injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) of hind limbs. Methods Forty-eight adult male SD rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 6 groups ( n = 8 each) : sham operation group (group S) ; I/R group; I/R + simvastatin 1,5, 10 mg/kg groups (S1 , S2, S3 groups) ; simvastatin control group (group SC) . I/R of hind limbs was produced by occlusion of bilateral femoral arteries for 2 h followed by 3 h reperfusion. Croups S1 , S2 , S3 received simvastatin 1, 5, 10 mg/kg respectively via an oro-gastric tube for 3 days before I/R. Group SC received simvastatin 10 mg/kg via an oro-gastric tube for 3 days. Arterial blood samples were taken at 3 h of reperfusion for blood gas analysis and PaO2 and PaCO2 were recorded. The animals were then sacrificed and the lungs removed immediately for pathologic examination and determination of the wet/dry lung weight ratio (W/D ratio), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) count . Hie expression of HO-1 mRNA and protein in lung tissues was detected using RT-PCR and Western blot analysis respectively.Results Alveolar edema, localized pulmonary atelectasis and large amount of PMN infiltration were found in I/R group and were ameliorated in S1, S2, S3 groups. Compared with group S, PaO2 and PaCO2 were significantly decreased in I/R group, W/D ratio and PMN count were increased and SOD activity was significantly decreased in I/R, S1 , S2 groups, and expression of HO-1 mRNA and protein was up-regulated in the other five groups ( P ＜ 0.05). PaO2, PaCO2 and SOD activity were significantly increased, W/D ratio and PMN count were significantly decreased, and HO-1 mRNA and protein expression was up-regulated in S1, S2 and S3 groups as compared with I/R group ( P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01). W/D ratio and PMN count were gradually decreased, SOD activity was gradually increased, and HO-1 mRNA and protein expression was gradually up-regulated in S1, S2 and S3 groups. Conclusion Simvastatin preconditioning has protective effect against lung injury induced by I/R of hind limbs in rats through up-regulation of HO-1 expression in the lung tissues and in a dose-dependent manner.     

七氟醚预处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注时缝隙连接蛋白43的影响

目的 评价七氟醚预处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注时缝隙连接蛋白43的影响.方法 健康成年雄性Wistar大鼠,体重220 ～ 250 g,采用改良Langendorff灌注装置制备离体心脏灌注模型.取离体心脏模型16个,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为2组(n=8):缺血再灌注组(I/R组)和七氟醚预处理组(SP组).平衡灌注30 min时,I/R组继续灌注K-H液20 min;SP组将2.4％七氟醚持续吹入K-H液中,用预充2.4％七氟醚的K-H液持续灌注15 min,然后用K-H液洗脱5 min.之后两组均行全心缺血40 min,再灌注60 min.分别于平衡灌注末、缺血前即刻、再灌注30和60 min时,记录HR、左室发展压(LVDP)、左心室内压最大上升速率(+dp/dtmax)及左心室内压最大下降速率(- dp/dtmax).于再灌注60 min时,取部分心尖组织,观察心肌病理学改变;取左室部分心肌,观察缝隙连接蛋白43的分布情况,测定缝隙连接蛋白43的表达.结果 与平衡灌注末比较,I/R组和SP组缺血前即刻+ dp/dtmax和- dp/dtmax降低,再灌注30和60 min时HR、LVDP、+dp/dtmax和- dp/dtmax降低(P＜0.01);与缺血前即刻比较,I/R组和SP组再灌注30和60 min时HR、LVDP、+dp/dtmax和- dp/dtmax降低(P ＜0.05或0.01);与I/R组比较,SP组缺血前即刻HR、LVDP、+dp/dtmax和- dp/dtmax降低,再灌注30和60 min时HR、LVDP、+dp/dtmax和- dp/dtmax升高(P＜0.01),病理学损伤减轻.缝隙连接蛋白43 I/R组分布不均,闰盘处少见;SP组分布规律呈条带状,主要位于闰盘处.两组缝隙连接蛋白43表达比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 七氟醚预处理减轻大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的机制可能与抑制缝隙连接蛋白43的再分布有关,而与缝隙连接蛋白43的表达无关.     

七氟醚预处理对大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤的影响

目的 探讨七氟醚预处理对大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤的影响.方法 健康雄性SD大鼠24只,体重220～250 g,随机分为4组(n=6):对照组(c组)、内毒素组(LPS组)、七氟醚组(Sev组)和七氟醚预处理组(SP组).C组和LPS组机械通气30 min后分别静脉注射生理盐水和脂多糖(LPS)5 mg/kg;Sev组和SP组吸入七氟醚(呼气末浓度2.4%)30 min,洗脱5 min,然后分别静脉注射生理盐水和LPS 5 mg/kg.于给予LPS或生理盐水后6 h时,心脏放血处死大鼠,取肺组织,计算湿重/干重(W/D)比;采用弥漫性肺泡损伤(DAD)评分评价肺组织损伤程度;测定肺组织髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性、细胞因子诱导中性粒细胞化学趋化因子-1(CINC-1)含量、CINC-1和CINC-1 mRNA的表达水平.结果 与C组比较,LPS组和SP组肺组织W/D比、DAD评分、MPO活性和CINC-1含量升高,CINC-1和CINC-1 mRNA的表达上调(P<0.01),Sev组上述指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与LPS组比较,SP组肺组织W/D比、DAD评分、MPO活性和CINC-1含量降低,CINC-1和CINC-1 mRNA的表达下调(P<0.01).结论 七氟醚预处理可减轻大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤,可能与其抑制肺组织炎性反应有关.     

七氟醚或缺血预处理对大鼠肺缺血再灌注时ERK和CaM表达的影响

目的 探讨七氟醚或缺血预处理对大鼠肺缺血再灌注时细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶(ERK)和钙调素(CaM)表达的影响.方法 健康雄性SD大鼠24只,体重270～320 g,随机分为4组(n=6):假手术组(S组)、肺缺血再灌注组(IR组)、缺血预处理组(IP组)和七氟醚预处理组(SP组).IR组采用夹闭左肺门45 min恢复灌注120 min的方法制备肺缺血再灌注损伤模型,IP组缺血前夹闭左肺门缺血5 min恢复灌注5 min,连续2次,SP组缺血前吸人2.1%七氟醚30 min.于再灌注120 min时取左肺组织,测定TNF-α和IL-6含量、ERK mRNA和CaM mRNA的表达水平.结果 与S组比较,IR组、IP组和SP组肺组织TNF-α和IL-6的含量、ERK mRNA和CaM mRNA的表达水平升高(P＜0.05);与IR组比较,IP组和SP组肺组织TNF-α和IL-6的含量和CaM mRNA的表达水平降低,ERK mRNA表达水平升高(P＜0.05);SP组和IP组各指标比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论七氟醚预处理和缺血预处理均通过下调CaM表达和上调ERK表达减轻大鼠肺缺血再灌注损伤.     

小剂量氯胺酮预处理对大鼠肠缺血/再灌注后肝脏血红素加氧酶-1表达的影响

目的 观察小剂量氯胺酮对血红素加氧酶-1 (heme-oxygenase 1,HO-1)在大鼠肠缺血/再灌注(ischemia/reperfusion,I/R)后肝脏中表达的影响,并对其可能的保护机制作一初步探讨. 方法 48只雄性成年SD大鼠按随机数字表法分为A组(氯胺酮10 mg/kg术前30 min腹腔注射+假手术)、B组(盐水0.2 ml术前30 min腹腔注射+假手术)、C组(氯胺酮10 mg/kg术前30 min腹腔注射+小肠I/R)、D组(盐水0.2 ml术前30 min腹腔注射+小肠I/R)、E组(锌原卟啉5 mg/kg、氯胺酮10 mg/kg术前30 min腹腔注射+小肠I/R)、F组(锌原卟啉5 mg/kg、盐水0.2 ml术前30 min腹腔注射+小肠I/R),每组8只.小肠I/R造模组大鼠通过夹闭肠系膜上动脉60 min,然后松血管夹,于再灌注6h后取材,测定肝组织丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性;采用免疫组化法测定肝组织HO-1的表达和定量;光镜下观察肝脏病理学改变;取外周静脉血测血清谷丙转氨酶(glutamic-pyruvic transaminase,GPT)、谷草转氨酶(glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase,GOT). 结果 A、B两组间各项数据比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);各缺血造模组大鼠肝组织MDA含量:C组[(2.69±0.35) μmol/g]、D组[(4.62±0.36) μmol/g]、E组[(4.35±0.24) μmol/g]、F组[(4.74±0.34) μmol/g]与B组[(1.08±0.26) μmol/g]比较,显著升高;SOD活力:C组[(129±6) μU/L]、D组[(102±5) μU/L]、E组[(99±4)μU/L]、F组[(96±6)μU/L]与B组[(133±7) μU/L]比较,显著下降;血清GOT、GPT含量:C组[GPT(212±21) U/L,GOT(129±16) U/L]、D组[GPT(416±33) U/L,GOT(362±15)U/L]、E组[GPT(407±29) U/L,GOT(359±14) U/L]、F组[GPT(414-±40) U/L,GOT(366±16) U/L]与B组[(GPT(53±9) U/L,GOT(83±7) U/L]比较,显著升高;HO-1表达:C组(0.472±0.126)、D组(0.324±0.078)、E组(0.337±0.092)、F组(0.328±0.083) OD与B组(0.078±0.010) OD比较,显著上调(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);与D组比较,C组血清GPT、GOT、肝组织MDA含量均显著降低,SOD活力显著上升,HO-1表达上调(P＜0.05);与D组比较,E组、F组血清GPT、GOT及MDA、SOD值差异无统计学意义(D0.05);E组和C组比较,血清GPT、GOT,肝组织MDA含量显著升高,SOD活力显著下降,HO-1表达下调(P＜0.05). 结论 小剂量氯胺酮预处理能减轻肠I/R后造成的肝脏损伤,这种作用在一定程度上是通过上调HO-1的表达来实现的.     

七氟醚预处理对局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠海马TREK-1表达的影响

目的 探讨七氟醚预处理对局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠海马机械敏感性钾通道TREK-1表达的影响.方法 健康雄性SD大鼠36只,体重240～280 g,随机分为3组(n=12):假手术组(S组)、局灶性脑缺血再灌注组(l/R组)和七氟醚预处理组(Sevo组).结扎右侧颈总动脉、颈外动脉,采用线栓法阻断颈内动脉2 h,再灌注24 h制备大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤模型;Sevo组于缺血前1 h经半密闭的吸入箱持续吸入含2.5%七氟醚的02;S组仅分离并结扎右侧颈总动脉、颈外动脉,不置入线栓.各组于再灌注24 h时行神经功能缺陷评分后断头取脑,TIC染色后测定脑梗死体积,采用RT-PCR法测定海马TREK-1 mRNA的表达.结果 与S组相比,I/R组和Sevo组神经功能缺陷评分和脑梗死体积比升高(P<0.01);与I/R组相比,Sevo组神经功能缺陷评分和脑梗死体积比降低,海马TREK-1 mRNA表达上调(P<0.05).结论 七氟醚预处理可通过激活海马TREK-1减轻大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤.     

吸入七氟醚、地氟醚对大鼠肺组织超微结构和肺表面活性物质的影响

目的观察不同吸入浓度七氟醚和地氟醚对大鼠肺组织超微结构及支气管肺泡灌洗液 (BALF)中肺表面活性物质相关蛋白-A(SP-A)、磷脂酰胆碱(PC)浓度的影响。方法雄性Wistar大鼠 50只,随机分为5组,每组10只,C组:单纯机械呼吸组;S1组和S2组:分别吸入1．0 MAC、1．5 MAC七氟醚4 b;D1组和D2组:分别吸入1．0MAC、1．5MAC地氟醚4 b。在相应时点处死大鼠,观察肺组织超微结构并测定BALF中SP-A和PC浓度。结果与C组比较,S1、S2、D1、D2组肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞微绒毛破坏程度较重,以D1、D2组改变更明显,板层体减少,并呈大量空泡化;BALF中SP-A、PC浓度下降 (P<0．01或0．05)。结论吸入1-0 MAC、1．5 MAC七氟醚或地氟醚4 h可降低肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞合成肺表面活性物质。     

七氟醚后处理对大鼠脑缺血-再灌注损伤海马血红素氧合酶-1蛋白表达的影响

目的 探讨七氟醚后处理对大鼠脑缺血-再灌注损伤的保护作用及血红素氧合酶-1(HO-1)在其中的作用.方法 清洁级雄性SD大鼠40只,体重230～270 g,随机均分为五组:假手术组(C组),缺血-再灌注组(IR组),七氟醚组(S组),七氟醚+锌原卟啉Ⅸ(Znpp)组(SZ组)和溶剂对照组(SD组).采用双侧颈总动脉夹闭合并取血降压再回输的方法制备脑缺血-再灌注损伤模型,S组再灌注前5 min气管插管,吸入1MAC七氟醚15 min; SZ组模型制备前腹腔注射Znpp45μmol/kg,溶于二甲基亚砜(DMSO)0.5 ml; SD组模型制备前腹腔注射DMSO 0.5 ml.所有大鼠再灌注24 h后处死,取海马.光镜下观察各组海马病理学变化,检测海马超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量和HO-1蛋白表达.结果 与C组比较,其余四组SOD活性明显降低(P＜0.05),MDA含量明显升高(P＜0.05),SZ组HO-1蛋白表达差异无统计学意义,IR、S和SD组HO-1蛋白表达明显升高(P＜0.05).与IR组比较,S组和SD组SOD活性和HO-1蛋白表达明显升高(P＜0.05),MDA含量明显降低(P＜0.05),SZ组HO-1蛋白表达明显降低(P＜0.05).光镜下S组和SD组海马病理学损伤较IR组和SZ组减轻.结论 七氟醚后处理对大鼠脑缺血-再灌注损伤有保护作用,其作用机制可能与七氟醚上调脑组织中HO-1蛋白表达有关.     

Delayed remote preconditioning induces cardioprotection: role of heme oxygenase-1

Background

The role of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the cardioprotection induced by delayed remote ischemic preconditioning (DRIPC) has not been investigated. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate whether HO-1 is involved in DRIPC-mediated cardioprotection in an isolated perfused rat heart model.

Materials and methods

Isolated rat hearts were subjected to 30 min ischemia followed by 60 min reperfusion. DRIPC (four cycles 5-min occlusion and 5-min reflow at the unilateral hind limb once per day for 1, 2, or 3 d before heart isolation, abbreviated as D1RIPC, D2RIPC, or D3RIPC respectively). Infarct size, myocardial troponin levels, and heart function were measured. The protein and messenger RNA levels of HO-1 were determined.

Results

DRIPC facilitated postischemic cardiac functional recovery and decreased cardiac enzyme release. The infarct size-limiting effect of DRIPC was more pronounced in the D3RIPC group (10.22 ± 2.57%) than the D1RIPC group (22.34 ± 4.02%, P < 0.001) or the D2RIPC group (14.60 ± 3.13%, P = 0.034). These effects in the D1RIPC group could be blocked by Zinc Protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP) (an HO-1 specific inhibitor). DRIPC-mediated cardioprotection was associated with enhanced HO-1 protein expression (D1RIPC, 0.11 ± 0.03; versus 0.15 ± 0.06 in the D2RIPC group, P = 0.06; versus 0.20 ± 0.04 in the D3RIPC group, P = 0.04) and messenger RNA levels of HO-1 expression.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that HO-1 is involved in the cardioprotection induced by DRIPC, and that increase in the number of preconditioning stimuli may enhance cardioprotective effects accompanied with increased HO-1 level.     

七氟醚预处理对局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠皮质C/EBP同源蛋白表达的影响

目的 探讨七氟醚预处理对局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠皮质C/EBP同源蛋白(CHOP)表达的影响.方法 健康雄性SD大鼠36只,体重250～280 g,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为3组(n=12):假手术组(S组)、局灶性脑缺血再灌注组(I/R组)和七氟醚预处理组(Sevo-pc 组).采用线栓法阻断右侧大脑中动脉1 h,再灌注24 h,制备局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤模型.Sevo-pc 组于缺血前1 h吸入2.7%七氟醚.各组于再灌注24 h时行神经功能缺陷评分后断头取脑,TIC染色法测定脑梗死体积,免疫组化法测定缺血侧皮质CHOP表达,TUNEL法计数凋亡神经细胞.结果 与S组比较,I/R组和Sevo-pc组神经功能缺陷评分升高,脑梗死体积比升高,缺血侧皮质CHOP表达上调,凋亡细胞数增加(P＜0.01);与I/R组比较,Sevo-pc组神经功能缺陷评分降低,脑梗死体积比降低,缺血侧皮质CHOP表达下调,凋亡细胞数减少(P＜0.05或0.01).结论 七氟醚预处理可能通过下调皮质CHOP表达减轻大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of sevoflurane preconditioning on CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein (CHOP) expression in the cerebral cortex after focal cerebral ischemiareperfusion (I/R) injury in rats and the mechanism. Methods Thirty-six male SD rats weighing 250-280 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 12 each) : sham operation group (group S) , focal cerebral I/R group (group I/R) and sevoflurane preconditioning group (group Sevo-pc). The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal chloral hydrate 300 mg/kg. In groups I/R and Sevo-pc, focal cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion using a nylon thread with rounded tip inserted into the right internal carotid artery and advanced cranially until resistance was met. The occlusion was maintained for 1 h followed by 24 h reperfusion. Group Sevo-pc inhaled 2.7% sevoflurane for 1 h before ischemia. Neurological deficits were assessed and scored at the end of 24 h reperfusion and then the rats were decapitated. Their brains were immediately removed. The cerebral infarct size was determined by TTC staining. The CHOP expression in the ischemic cerebral cortex was determined by immunohistochemistry. The number of apoptotic neurons was counted using TUNEL. Results The neurological deficit scores were significantly higher, the cerebral infarct size was significantly larger, and the CHOP expression and the number of apoptotic neurons were significantly higher in groups I/R and Sevo-pc than in group S ( P ＜ 0.01) . The neurological deficit scores were significantly lower, the cerebral infarct size was significantly smaller, and the CHOP expression and the number of apoptosis neurons were significantly lower in group Sevo-pc than in group I/R ( P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01) . Conclusion Sevoflurane preconditioning may protect the brain against focal cerebral I/R injury by down-regulating CHOP expression in the cerebral cortex in rats.     

七氟醚预处理对大鼠脊髓缺血再灌注损伤的影响及自噬在其中的作用

目的 评价七氟醚预处理对大鼠脊髓缺血再灌注损伤的影响及自噬在其中的作用.方法 成年雄性SD大鼠45只,体重420～450 g,采用随机数字表法分为5组(n=9):对照组(Con组)、脊髓缺血再灌注组(I/R组)、七氟醚预处理组(Sevo组)、特异性自噬抑制剂3-甲基腺嘌呤组(3-MA组)和3-MA+七氟醚预处理组(3-MA+ Sevo组).I/R组胸主动脉球囊阻断+体循环低血压制备大鼠脊髓缺血再灌注模型,Sevo组于缺血前24h时吸入3.4％七氟醚2h,3-MA组和3-MA+ Sevo组分别于再灌注即刻和吸入七氟醚前15 min时鞘内注射20出3-MA(10 mmol/L).于再灌注24h时采用神经功能缺陷评分(NDS评分)法评价大鼠神经功能,随后处死取脊髓,Western blot法检测LC3B、Beclin 1、Bcl-2蛋白的表达水平.结果 与Con组比较,I/R组脊髓LC3B、Beclin 1蛋白表达上调,Bcl-2蛋白表达下调,NDS评分升高(P＜0.05);与I/R组比较,Sevo组、3-MA组和3-MA+ Sevo组脊髓LC3B、Beclin 1蛋白表达下调,Bcl-2蛋白表达上调,NDS评分降低(P＜0.05);Sevo组、3-MA组和3-MA+ Sevo组各指标比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 七氟醚预处理可减轻大鼠脊髓缺血再灌注损伤,其机制可能与上调Bcl-2,抑制自噬溶酶体途径,减轻自噬有关.     

七氟烷后处理对大鼠肺缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的 探讨七氟烷后处理对大鼠肺缺血再灌注(IR)损伤的影响及其可能机制.方法 健康SPF级雄性SD大鼠96只,体重270～330 g.随机分为4组(n=24):假手术组(S组)、缺血再灌注组(IR组)、七氟烷预处理组(SPr组)和七氟烷后处理组(SPo组).采用阻断左肺门45 min后再灌注的方法 制备大鼠单肺原位IR模型.SPr组吸入七氟烷,呼气末浓度2.1%,30 min后制备肺IR模型;SPo组于再灌注前即刻吸入七氟烷30 min,呼气末浓度2.1%.分别于再灌注30 min、1、2、4 h时测定支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素1(IL-1)、IL-6浓度,并进行白细胞分类计数,计算多形核白细胞占白细胞的百分比(PMN百分比),同时测定肺组织TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6含量及细胞凋亡指数,光镜、电镜下观察肺组织病理学结果 并行损伤评分.结果 与S组比较,IR组肺组织和BALF中TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6水平、细胞凋亡指数、白细胞计数、PMN百分比和肺组织损伤评分均升高,SPr组和SPo组肺组织TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6含量升高(P<0.01);与IR组比较,SPr组和SPo组上述指标均降低(P<0.05或0.01);SPr组与SPo组各指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 七氟烷后处理可减轻大鼠肺IR损伤,效果与其预处理无差异,其肺保护作用的机制可能与降低肺组织炎性反应,抑制细胞凋亡有关.     

活化蛋白-1在大鼠内毒素性肺损伤时血红素加氧酶-1上调中的作用

目的 评价活化蛋白-1(AP-1)在大鼠内毒素性肺损伤时血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)上调中的作用.方法 健康清洁级雄性SD大鼠48只,体重200 ～ 220 g,2.5 ～ 3.0月龄,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为4组(n=12):正常对照组(C组)腹腔注射0.1％二甲基亚砜(姜黄素溶媒)0.5 ml,30 min时股静脉注射生理盐水(LPS溶媒)0.5 ml;内毒素性肺损伤组(ALI组)腹腔注射0.1％二甲基亚砜0.5ml,30 min时股静脉注射10 mg/kg LPS0.5 ml;姜黄素+内毒素性肺损伤组(Cur+ ALI组)腹腔注射20mg/kg姜黄素0.5 ml,30 min时股静脉注射10 mg/kg LPS 0.5 ml;姜黄素组(Cur组)腹腔注射姜黄素20mg/kg,30 min时股静脉注射生理盐水0.5 ml.静脉注射LPS 6 h时处死大鼠取肺组织,行病理学评分,测定MDA含量和SOD活性;采用Western blot法测定HO-1和AP-1表达;采用荧光定量PCR法测定HO-1 mRNA表达.结果 与C组比较,ALl组和Cur +ALI组肺组织病理学评分和MDA含量升高,SOD活性降低,HO-1 mRNA、HO-1和AP-1表达上调(P＜0.05),Cur组上述各指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与ALl组比较,Cur+ ALl组肺组织病理学评分和MDA含量升高,SOD活性降低,HO-1mRNA、HO-1和AP-1表达下调(P＜0.05).结论 内毒素性肺损伤时HO-1上调的机制与转录因子AP-1活化有一定关系.