麻醉诱导时芬太尼不同给药方法对其诱发患者咳嗽的影响

目的 评价麻醉诱导时芬太尼不同给药方法对其诱发患者咳嗽的影响.方法 择期全麻手术患者420例,年龄18～60岁,性别不限,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为4组(n=105):常规组(Ⅰ组)、预注射组(Ⅱ组)、稀释组(Ⅲ组)和后注射组(Ⅳ组).麻醉诱导:Ⅰ组依次静脉注射咪达唑仑0.05 mg/kg、芬太尼(50 μg/ml)2 μg/kg、异丙酚2 mg/kg、罗库溴铵1mg/kg;Ⅱ组依次静脉注射咪达唑仑0.05 mg/kg、芬太尼(50 μg/ml)0.5 μg/kg、异丙酚2 mg/kg、罗库溴铵1mg/kg、芬太尼(50 μg/ml)1.5 μg/kg;Ⅲ组依次静脉注射咪达唑仑0.05 mg/kg、芬太尼(20 μg/ml)2μg/kg、异丙酚2mg/kg、罗库溴铵1 mg/kg;Ⅳ组依次静脉注射咪达唑仑0.05 mg/kg、异丙酚2 mg/kg、罗库溴铵1 mg/kg、芬太尼(50 μg/ml)2 μg/kg.注药完毕后2 min行气管插管.气管插管前观察咳嗽、异丙酚注射痛的发 生情况,于麻醉诱导前、诱导后、咳嗽时、气管插管时记录HR和有创动脉压.结果 与Ⅰ组比较,其余组患者咳嗽发生率和咳嗽程度降低(P＜0.05);与Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组比较,Ⅳ组患者咳嗽发生率和咳嗽程度降低(P＜0.05).四组其余指标组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 麻醉诱导时芬太尼稀释给药、给予预注剂量或后注射均可明显降低其诱发咳嗽的发生,其中后注射效果最佳.     

低温体外循环对心血管手术病人罗库溴铵和维库溴铵肌松作用的影响

目的 采用肌松药自适应控制给药系统使病人的肌松水平稳定在恒定水平,研究低温体外循环（CPB）对心血管手术病人罗库溴铵和维库溴铵肌松作用的影响。方法 择期心血管手术病人20例,ASA分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级,随机分为2组（n=10）：罗库溴铵组（R组）和维库溴铵组（V组）。用加速度仪监测神经肌肉传导功能,采用四个成串刺激,麻醉诱导时静脉注射依托咪酯0．3 mg/kg、芬太尼2～4μg/kg,并采用自适应控制给药系统给予肌松药负荷剂量：罗库溴铵0．3mg/kg（R组）或维库溴铵0．07mg/kg（V组）,T4消失时进行气管插管,当肌松水平恢复到T1=10%时,控制系统开始控制输注泵持续输注肌松药,2组术中肌松水平维持在T1=10%。间断静脉注射芬太尼和咪达唑仑维持麻醉。分别于CPB开始前T1=10%并且持续5min（T1）、CPB中达到设定的最低温度（T2）、CPB停止后5min （T1）采集动脉血,测定肌松药的血药浓度;记录CPB前（麻醉诱导开始至CPB开始前即刻）、CPB中（CPB开始即刻至CPB停止前即刻）和CPB后（CPB停止后即刻至术毕）肌松药的输注速率,记录达设定点时间（从T1=100%至T1=10%的时间）、达稳态时间（从T1=100%到T1稳定在10%的时间）、鼻咽温及拇内收肌皮温。并对本控制系统的性能进行评价。结果 与T1比较,R组和V组T2、T3时肌松药的血药浓度降低,CPB中及CPB后肌松药的输注速率均低于CPB前（P＜0．01）。两组平均超调和平均标准差均在5%以内,控制给药系统性能指标2组间比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论 心血管手术病人芬太尼复合咪达唑仑麻醉下,低温CPB强化了罗库溴铵、维库溴铵的肌松作用。     

活体肝移植术供体右半肝切除后罗库溴铵用量的变化

目的 探讨活体肝移植术供体右半肝切除术后罗库溴铵用量的变化.方法 择期拟行右半肝切除术的肝移植术供体病人16例,年龄21～49岁,体重51～86 kg,ASA Ⅰ级.麻醉诱导:静脉注射咪达唑仑和芬太尼,靶控输注异丙酚和罗库溴铵(血浆靶浓度3 μg/ml),采用肌松监测,待T1/Tc=0时进行气管插管,机械通气.气管插管后罗库溴铵血浆靶浓度降至1.0 μg/ml,调整罗库溴铵浓度,维持0相似文献   

七氟烷对顺式阿曲库铵和罗库溴铵肌松作用的影响

目的：比较七氟烷对顺式阿曲库铵和罗库溴铵肌松效应的影响。方法：择期手术患者240例,随机分为顺式阿曲库铵组（CIS120例）和罗库溴铵组（ROC120例）。两组患者再随机分为丙泊酚组（60例）和七氟烷组（60例）,均静脉注射咪达唑仑、芬太尼和丙泊酚行麻醉诱导,丙泊酚组靶控输注丙泊酚维持麻醉,设定血浆靶控浓度2～6μg/mL,输注丙泊酚5min后静脉注射顺式阿曲库铵0.15mg/kg或罗库溴铵0.6mg/kg;七氟烷组在呼气末七氟烷浓度稳定于1MAC5min后静脉注射顺式阿曲库铵0.15mg/kg或罗库溴铵0.6mg/kg。结果：CIS两组,起效时间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;七氟烷组完全肌松时间、维持时间与丙泊酚组比较均显著延长（P〈0.01）。ROC两组,起效时间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;七氟烷组完全肌松时间、维持时间与丙泊酚组比较均显著延长（P〈0.01）。结论：七氟烷对顺式阿曲库铵及罗库溴铵的肌松均有增效作用。     

罗库溴铵用于梗阻性肝胆疾病小婴儿的肌松效应

目的 研究单次插管剂量罗库溴铵对梗阻性肝胆疾病小婴儿的肌松效应.方法 年龄1～4个月,无神经肌肉疾病、肾功能正常的小婴儿30例均分为肝胆疾病组(A组)和无肝胆疾病对照组(B组).两组均以丙泊酚2 mg/kg、芬太尼3 μg/kg诱导,继以罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg单次剂量静脉注射.加速度仪监测拇内收肌的单刺激收缩反应,观察其起效时间、无反应时间、临床时效和恢复指数.结果 A组起效时间为(81±35)s,长于B组的(51±28)s(P<0.05);两组无反应时间、临床时效、恢复指数差异无统计学意义.结论 在梗阻性肝胆疾病婴幼儿,罗库溴铵起效时间延长.     

七氟烷对糖尿病和非糖尿病患者罗库溴铵肌松效应影响的比较

目的 比较七氟烷对糖尿病和非糖尿病患者罗库溴铵肌松效应的影响.方法 择期腹部手术患者60例,年龄45～64岁,ASAⅡ级,其中Ⅱ型糖尿病患者30例,随机分为2组(n=15):异丙酚组(PD组)和七氟烷组(SD组);非糖尿病患者30例,随机分为2组(n=15):异丙酚组(PN组)和七氟烷组(SN组).静脉注射咪达唑仑、异丙酚和芬太尼行麻醉诱导后启动肌松监测,PD组和PN组静脉注射罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg后气管插管,静脉输注异丙酚维持麻醉;SD组和SN组1%地卡因充分表面麻醉后气管插管.吸入七氟烷(呼气末浓度1.71%)10 min后静脉注射罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg,吸入七氟烷(呼气末浓度1.71%)维持麻醉.记录肌松起效时间、维持时间和恢复指数.于静脉注射罗库溴铵后10、20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90、100、110、120 min时记录T1/T0比值及TOF比值(T4T1比值).结果 PN组与PD组、SN组与SD组、PD组与SD组间罗库溴铵起效时间、维持时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).与SN组和PD组比较,SD组恢复指数延长(P<0.05).静脉注射罗库溴铵后60～120 min,SD组T1/T0比值和TOF比值较PD组降低(P<0.05);静脉注射罗库溴铵后80～120 min,SD组TOF比值较SN组降低(P<0.05).结论 与非糖尿病患者相比,七氟烷对糖尿病患者罗库溴铵肌松效应的强化作用进一步增强.     

七氟醚对不同性别患者罗库溴铵肌松作用的影响

目的 比较罗库溴铵肌松效应的性别差异和七氟醚对不同性别患者罗库溴铵肌松增效作用.方法 择期手术患者120例(男:女为1:1),年龄20～60岁.ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,按性别随机分为丙泊酚组和七氟醚组:女性丙泊酚组(PF组).男性丙泊酚组(PM组),女性七氟醚组(SF组),男性七氟醚组(SM组),每组30例.所有患者静脉注射咪达唑仑、芬太尼和丙泊酚行麻醉诱导,意识消失后,置入喉罩,接麻醉机辅助通气并启动肌松监测.丙泊酚组静脉输注丙泊酚维持麻醉,设定血浆靶控浓度2～6 μg/ml,输注丙泊酚5 min后静脉注射罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg,七氟醚组在呼气末七氟醚浓度稳定于1 MAC 5 min后静脉注射罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg.记录肌松起效时间、完全肌松时间、T1恢复到25%和TOF恢复到25%的时间.结果 PM组较PF组起效时间长,完全肌松时间、T1恢复到25%和TOF恢复到25%的时间缩短(P＜0.05).SF组TOF恢复到25%的时间较PF组延长(P＜0.05),SM组较PM组起效时间缩短,完全肌松时间、T1恢复到25%和TOF恢复到25%的时间均延长(P＜0.05).SM组T1恢复到25%和TOF恢复到z5%的时间较SF组延长(P＜0.05).结论 女性罗库溴铵起效更快,作用时间长;而七氟醚对男性罗库溴铵的增效作用优于女性.     

维族和汉族患者罗库溴铵肌松时效的比较

目的 比较维族和汉族患者罗库溴铵的肌松时效.方法 择期拟在全麻下行甲状腺手术的维吾尔族患者(W组)和汉族患者(H组)各15例,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,性别不限,年龄20～55岁,体重45～73 kg.静脉注射咪达唑仑、异丙酚、芬太尼和琥珀胆碱行麻醉诱导气管插管后,静脉注射罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg,采用加速度仪单个刺激模式监测肌松起效时间、无反应期、临床维持时间、75%恢复时间和恢复指数.结果 两组肌松起效时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与H组比较,W组无反应期、临床维持时间、75%恢复时间及恢复指数均明显缩短(P<0.05).结论 维吾尔族与汉族患者罗库溴铵的肌松时效存在明显差别,临床上用量需要考虑民族差异的影响.     

不同年龄患儿罗库溴铵药效学的比较

目的 比较新生儿、婴儿、幼儿和儿童罗库溴铵的药效学.方法 择期全麻手术患儿160例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,根据年龄分为4组(n=40):新生儿组、婴儿组、幼儿组及儿童组.各组随机选取患儿20例,采用4次累积给药法静脉注射罗库溴铵,初始剂量:新生儿组40 μg/kg,婴儿组80 μg/kg,幼儿组及儿童组均为120 μg/kg,后3次均追加罗库溴铵40μg/kg.每次给药后.观察TOF反应.当T1连续3次稳定不变时,给予下一次剂量.采用概率单位法计算T1抑制50%、90%、95%的用药量(ED50、ED90、ED95).各组随机选取20例患儿,静脉注射2倍ED95剂量的罗库溴铵,记录肌松起效时间、高峰时间、临床肌松时间、体内作用时间和恢复指数.结果 与新生儿组比较,幼儿组和儿童组罗库溴铵ED50、ED90和ED95均升高(P<0.01),婴儿组上述指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).婴儿组、幼儿组和儿童组罗库溴铵起效时间、临床肌松时间和体内作用时间缩短,恢复指数降低(P<0.01);与幼儿组比较.儿童组罗库溴铵ED50、ED90和ED95升高(P<0.01).结论 不同年龄患儿对罗库溴铵的量效关系和时效关系存在明显的差别,新生儿对罗库溴铵的敏感性最强.     

低温心肺转流中不同氧合器对儿童罗库溴铵药效动力学的影响

目的研究先天性心脏病学龄儿童心肺转流(CPB)中,不同氧合器对其罗库溴铵药效动力学的影响。方法选择6～12岁先天性心脏病患儿46例,随机分为膜式氧合器组(MO组,n=22)和鼓泡式氧合器组(BO组,n=24)。诱导后静脉给罗库溴铵600μg/kg行气管插管。CPB前、中、后三阶段,肌颤搐反应强度(T1)25%时,静注罗库溴铵200μg/kg。监测两组诱导期、CPB前、中、后期罗库溴铵的起效时间、无反应时间、T110%、T125%、T175%恢复时间及恢复指数等指标。结果两组患儿CPB前罗库溴铵肌松时效比较差异无统计学意义。CPB中,MO组和BO组的起效时间、无反应时间、T110%、T110%～25%、T125%分别为(3.72±2.10)、(29.45±7.67)、(46.36±7.26)、(14.12±2.62)、(60.57±6.31)和(3.62±1.78)、(24.95±6.93)、(43.07±7.99)、(13.04±2.46)、(56.68±6.82)min,组间比较差异无统计学意义。结论低温CPB中使用膜式氧合器与鼓泡式氧合器对罗库溴铵维持量的肌松时效影响差异无统计学意义。     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

Comparison of University of Wisconsin and University of Pittsburgh solutions for heart transplantation

The effectiveness of University of Wisconsin (UW) and University of Pittsburgh (UP) solutions for the preservation of rat hearts was compared. Lewis rat hearts were preserved with UW (group A, n=45) or UP (group B, n=45) solution for 0 or 24 h and then transplanted heterotopically into the recipients' abdomen. Ten recipients in each group were observed to obtain 1-week graft survival rates. Tissue water content and tissue content of adenine nucleotides were measured 2 h after transplantation in six grafts from each group. Six hearts preserved for 0 h and seven hearts preserved for 24 h were taken from each group 24 h after grafting for histopathology. The 1-week graft survival rates of groups A24 and B24 were 60% and 10%, respectively. In the 24-h preserved grafts, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and energy charge [(ATP+adenosine diphosphate/2)/(ATP+adenosine diphosphate+adenosine monophosphate)] of groups A and B were 0.972±0.165 and 0.200±0.123 mg/g wet tissue (P<0.05) and 74.4% and 61.1% (P<0.05), respectively. The tissue water content of group A24 was 71.7%, whereas that of group B24 was 74.1% (P<0.05). Histopathology revealed more severe muscle edema and necrosis and infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells in group B24 than in group A24. We conclude that UW solution is more appropriate for rat heart preservation than UP solution.     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

Long-term follow-up of callotasis lengthening of the capitate after resection of the lunate for the treatment of stage III lunate necrosis

The callotasis lengthening technique was used to gradually lengthen the capitate after resection of the lunate in stage IIIa necrosis in 23 patients. Results of ten patients with a follow-up of at least 5 years showed rapid and sufficient callus formation in every patient regardless of age. The callotasis lengthening modification of the Graner II operation provides all advantages and avoids the major inconvenience of the traditional Graner II operation. There was no increased rate of disturbed fracture healing. Results of the DTPA-gadolinium MRI study did not show any significant impairment of vascularization within the region of the capitate bone. With the “intrinsic bone formation,” contrary to every other intercarpal arthrodesis at the wrist, there is no need for an additional bone graft.     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

Magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of rejection of a kindney allograft in the rat

Orthotopic DA (RT1^a) into Lewis (RT1¹) rat kidney allografts and control Lewis-into-Lewis grafts were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and perfusion measurement after intravenous injection of a superparamagnetic contrast agent. MRI anatomical scores (range 1–6) and perfusion rates were compared with graft histology (rank of rejection score 1–6). Not only acute rejection, but also chronic events were monitored after acute rejection was prevented by daily cyclosporine (Sandimmune) treatment during the first 2 weeks after transplantation. In acute allograft rejection (n=11), MRI scores reached the maximum value of 6 and perfusion rates were severely reduced within 5 days after transplantation; histology showed severe acute rejection (histologic score 5–6). In the chronic phase (100–130 days after transplantation), allografts (n=5) manifested rejection (in histology cellular rejection and vessel changes), accompanied by MRI scores of around 2–3 and reduced perfusion rates. Both in the acute and chronic phases, the MRI anatomical score correlated significantly with the histological score (Spearman rank correlation coefficient r _s 0.89, n=30, P<0.01), and perfusion rates correlated significantly with the MRI score or histological score (r _s values between-0.60 and -0.87, n=23, P<0.01). It is concluded that MRI represents an interesting tool for assessing the anatomical and hemodynamical status of a kidney allograft in the acute and chronic phases after transplantation.     

Cost-effectiveness of three combinations of antiemetics in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting

Background. This study compares the cost-effectiveness of threecombinations of antiemetics in the prevention of postoperativenausea and vomiting (PONV). Methods. We conducted a prospective, double-blind study. NinetyASA I–II females, 18–65 yr, undergoing general anaesthesiafor major gynaecological surgery, with standardized postoperativeanalgesia (intrathecal 0.2 mg plus i.v. PCA morphine), wererandomly assigned to receive: ondansetron 4 mg plus droperidol1.25 mg after induction and droperidol 1.25 mg 12 h later (Group1); dexamethasone 8 mg plus droperidol 1.25 mg after inductionand droperidol 1.25 mg 12 h later (Group 2); ondansetron 4 mgplus dexamethasone 8 mg after induction and placebo 12 h later(Group 3). A decision analysis tree was used to divide eachgroup into nine mutually exclusive subgroups, depending on theincidence of PONV, need for rescue therapy, side effects andtheir treatment. Direct cost and probabilities were calculatedfor each subgroup, then a cost-effectiveness analysis was conductedfrom the hospital point of view. Results. Groups 1 and 3 were more effective (80 and 70%) thanGroup 2 (40%, P=0.004) in preventing PONV but also more expensive.Compared with Group 2, the incremental cost per extra patientwithout PONV was €6.99 (95% CI, –1.26 to 36.57) forGroup 1 and €13.55 (95% CI, 0.89–132.90) for Group3. Conclusion. Ondansetron+droperidol is cheaper and at least aseffective as ondansetron+ dexamethasone, and it is more effectivethan dexamethasone+droperidol with a reasonable extra cost. Br J Anaesth 2003; 91: 589–92     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.