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1.
目的观察不同意识状态对脑电双频指数(BIS)和听觉诱发电位指数(AEPI)与异丙酚效应室浓度关系的影响。方法择期行腹腔镜胆囊手术病人20例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,靶控输注异丙酚麻醉诱导,初始效应室靶浓度1.0μg/ml,以1.0μg/ml递增,至5μg/ml时,静脉注射罗库溴铵0.06mg/kg行气管插管,气管插管后以效应室靶浓度3μg/ml维持麻醉,切皮前调为6μg/ml。术中维持血液动力学平稳,术毕停止靶控输注异丙酚。记录麻醉诱导期和苏醒期效应室靶浓度平衡后BIS、AEPI;意识消失前1min、后1min、睁眼前1min、后1min时BIS和AEPI。结果麻醉诱导期BIS和AEPI与异丙酚效应室浓度均呈负相关,意识消失前BIS和AEPI与异丙酚效应室浓度呈负相关;意识消失后BIS与异丙酚效应室靶浓度呈负相关。异丙酚效应室浓度0、1、2μg/ml比较,异丙酚效应室浓度3、4、5、6μg/ml时AEPI降低,随着异丙酚效应室浓度的升高BIS逐渐下降(P〈0.05),睁眼后1min AEPI高于睁眼前1min(P〈0.05)。结论BIS与异丙酚效应室浓度的相关性不受意识状态的影响,AEPI监测无意识状态到意识恢复的变化比BIS灵敏。  相似文献   

2.
目的 探讨复合异丙酚时不同效应室靶浓度瑞芬太尼对神经外科手术患者脑电双频谱指数(BIS)的影响.方法 择期拟行额颞部开颅手术患者15例,年龄18~64岁,体重50~85 kg,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级.先靶控输注异丙酚,效应室靶浓度为3μg/ml,效应室浓度达预设浓度后靶控输注瑞芬太尼,效应室靶浓度分别为2、3、4、5、6、7、8 ng/ml,效应室浓度依次达预设浓度时记录血压(BP)、平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)和BIS.瑞芬太尼效应室浓度达5 ng/ml时行气管插管和机械通气,于气管插管前即刻和气管插管后即刻记录BP、MAP、HR和BIS.结果 与基础值比较,异丙酚效应室浓度3μG/ml 和瑞芬太尼不同效应室浓度时BIS降低(P<0.05或0.01);与异丙酚效应室浓度3μg/ml时比较,瑞芬太尼效应室浓度≥6 nG/Ml时BIS降低(P<0.05或0.01).结论 复合异丙酚时靶控输注瑞芬太尼效应室浓度≥6 ng/ml时可降低神经外科手术患者的BIS.  相似文献   

3.
目的 观察在脑电双频谱指数(BIS)监测下不同剂量舒芬太尼对麻醉诱导时病人异丙酚效应室靶浓度(Ce)及气管插管反应的影响,以探讨舒芬太尼复合异丙酚麻醉诱导的合适用量。方法 择期全麻手术病人60例,ASAⅠ级或Ⅱ级,年龄20-60岁,体重45-80 kg,随机分为3组(n= 20),均静脉注射咪达唑仑0.05 mg/kg后开始靶控输注异丙酚(初始靶浓度为2μg/ml),同时分别静脉注射芬太尼3μg/kg(F组)、舒芬太尼0.3μg/kg(S1组)、舒芬太尼0.45μg/kg(S2组)。待病人意识消失后或BIS降至75以下时静脉注射维库溴铵0.12 mg/kg,BIS降至55以下时进行气管插管,机械通气。调整异丙酚靶浓度维持BIS 40-60。记录入室时(基础值)、气管插管前即刻、插管后即刻、插管后3、5、10、15 min时BP、MAP、HR、BIS及Ce。结果 与F组和S1组比较,S2组插管后即刻和插管后3、5、10、15min时Ce降低(P〈0.05),但F组和S1组各时点比较差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。与基础值比较,F组和S1组插管后即刻和插管后3 min时BP、MAP和HR增加(P〈0.05)。与S2组比较,F组和S1组插管后即刻和插管后3 min时BP、MAP和HR增加(P〈0.05)。F组和S1组各时点BP、MAP和HR比较差异均无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。结论 病人在靶控输注异丙酚麻醉诱导时,舒芬太尼抑制气管插管心血管反应的效价是芬太尼的7倍。  相似文献   

4.
瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚靶控输注诱导时的量效关系   总被引:86,自引:8,他引:86  
目的 比较不同剂量瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚靶控输注诱导对气管插管时血液动力学的影响。方法 50例择期全麻手术病人按瑞芬太尼的血浆靶浓度随机分为5组(R0、R2、R4、R6、R8组),即0、2、4、6、8 ng/ml组。异丙酚血浆靶浓度从3mg/ml开始,与瑞芬太尼同时输注诱导,病人意识消失后静注罗库溴铵辅助插管。结果 R0和R2组诱导时间明显长于R4、R6和R8组(P相似文献   

5.
目的观察全身麻醉过程中,维库溴铵对脑电熵指数——状态熵(AE)和反应熵(RE)以及脑电双频谱指数(BIS)的影响。方法ASAⅠ级或Ⅱ级择期手术患者60例,随机分为4组(n=15):Ⅰ组为对照组,静脉注射生理盐水;Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组为试验组,分别静脉注射维库溴铵0.03、0.06、0.12 mg/kg。麻醉诱导采用异丙酚靶控输注(TCI),当效应室浓度(CE)达到3.5μg/ml时,按组别静脉注射维库溴铵或等容积生理盐水,5 min后静脉注射芬太尼3μg/kg,行气管插管,观察5 min后将Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组维库溴铵剂量补足到0.12 mg/kg。记录诱导前即刻、CE达到3.5μg/ml、注射维库溴铵或生理盐水后1、2、3、4、5 min、气管插管前即刻、插管后即刻及插管后1、3、5 min的RE、AE、BIS、HR和MAP。结果与维库溴铵静脉注射前即刻比较,4组静脉注射后各时点RE、SE、BIS、HR、MAP差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);4组间静脉注射前后RE、SE、BIS、HR、MAP比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与插管前即刻比较,4组插管后即刻及插管后1min时RE、SE、BIS、HR和MAP均升高(P<0.05或0.01);与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组插管后即刻和插管后1 min RE、SE和BIS降低(P<0.05),但3组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在深度镇静且无伤害性刺激时,维库溴铵对脑电熵指数和BIS无影响;存在伤害性刺激时(如气管插管),即使小剂量(0.03 mg/kg)的维库溴铵也可降低脑电熵指数和BIS的升高幅度。  相似文献   

6.
目的 评价不同靶浓度舒芬太尼对异丙酚全麻患者脑电双频谱指数(BIS)的影响.方法 择期全麻手术患者50例,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄18~57岁,随机分为5组(n=10),舒芬太尼效应室靶浓度(Ce)分别设定为0.07、0.10、0.14、0.20、0.28 ng/ml.持续监测BIS、平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、脉搏血氧饱和度、呼气末二氧化碳分压和心电图.麻醉诱导:异丙酚起始血浆靶浓度(Cp)3.0μg/ml,若Ce与Cp平衡后5 min意识仍未消失,以0.3 μg/ml浓度梯度递增,持续靶控输注(TCI)异丙酚,患者意识消失时记录异丙酚Cp和Ce,并维持该浓度,随后按预设不同Ce TCI舒芬太尼,每分钟记录BIS、HR,收缩压(SP)、舒张压(DP)和MAP.待舒芬太尼Ce与Cp平衡时,静脉注射琥珀酰胆碱1.5mg/kg,行气管插管.结果 各组意识消失时异丙酚Cp、Ce及BIS差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);TCI舒芬太尼后,BIS逐渐降低,当舒芬太尼Cp和Ce平衡时,BIS明显低于TCI舒芬太尼前水平(P<0.05);BIS与舒芬太尼Ce呈负相关(r=-0.419,P<0.05).结论 靶控输注舒芬太尼可进一步降低异丙酚全麻患者的BIS.  相似文献   

7.
目的 评价在无肌松药下瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚效应室靶浓度靶控输注(TCI)诱导时的气管插管条件。方法拟行气管插管全身麻醉的手术病人28例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。诱导前静脉注射咪达唑仑0.03mg/kg,以异丙酚和瑞芬太尼效应室靶浓度分别为3μg/ml和4ng/ml TCI行麻醉诱导。监测诱导、插管过程中的血压、心率和脑电双频指数(BIS)。插管时按面罩通气难易、下颌松弛程度、声带位置高低、置入喉镜难易、是否有咳嗽体动以及对套囊充气反应等方面对插管条件进行评价。结果与插管前即刻比较,插管后即刻心率加快,插管后即刻及插管后1min血压升高(P〈0.01)。插管前后的BIS值比较差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。所有病人均一次插管成功。插管条件综合评价的满意率为67.9%。结论在无肌松药下以效应室靶浓度TCI瑞芬太尼4ng/ml复合异丙酚3μg/ml麻醉诱导病人插管时可提供良好的气管插管条件。  相似文献   

8.
目的 探讨新辅助化疗对乳腺癌患者靶控输注异丙酚意识消失时半数有效效应室靶浓度(EC50)的影响.方法 择期拟行乳腺癌切除术患者90例,女性,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,年龄30~60岁,体重指数<30kg/m2,根据术前是否接受新辅助化疗及其化疗方案分为3组(n=30),未化疗组(Ⅰ组)术前不使用任何化疗药物;紫杉醇化疗组(Ⅱ组)及环磷酰胺+阿霉素+5-氟尿嘧啶联合化疗组(Ⅲ组)均进行4个疗程化疗,并于第4个疗程结束后10~15d时行乳腺癌切除术.麻醉诱导:靶控输注异丙酚,按序贯法确定异丙酚的效应室靶浓度,第1例患者异丙酚效应室靶浓度为2.07μg/ml,各相邻靶浓度之比为1.09.以睫毛反射消失及对言语指令无反应作为判断意识消失的标志.若患者意识消失,则持续靶控输注该浓度异丙酚,并静脉注射芬太尼3μg/kg及罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg后气管插管;若患者意识未消失,则停止靶控输注,静脉注射异丙酚2mg/kg、芬太尼3μg/kg及罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg后气管插管.计算靶控输注异丙酚意识消失时的EC50.结果 与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组及Ⅲ组患者靶控输注异丙酚意识消失时的EC50.均降低(P<0.05),Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组间上述指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 新辅助化疗可降低乳腺癌患者靶控输注异丙酚意识消失时的EC50.  相似文献   

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目的探讨腹部手术患者麻醉中持续静脉输注ATP对靶控输注异丙酚效应室浓度的影响。方法择期下腹部手术患者60例,ASAⅠ级或Ⅱ级,年龄44~64岁,体重49~87kg,随机分为3组(n=20):异丙酚组(P组)单纯靶控输注异丙酚维持麻醉;ATP1组和ARP2,组在靶控输注异丙酚的同时,分别以微量泵持续静脉输注ATP 0.4 mg·kg^-1·h^-1和0.6mg·kg^-1·h^-1。术中根据BIS、MAP、HR调整异丙酚血浆靶浓度。当BIS>55或BIS<40时则以0.2μg/ml幅度增加或降低异丙酚靶浓度。术中静脉输注芬太尼,并根据需要使用血管活性药物。于麻醉诱导前即刻(T0)、气管插管前即刻(T1)、气管插管后即刻(T2)、切皮前即刻(T3)、切皮后10 min(T4)和60 min(L5)、术毕(T5)、呼之睁眼(L7)以及气管拔管后即刻(L8)记录HR、MAP、SpO2、BIS。记录麻醉全程异丙酚效应室浓度及停止靶控输注后TCI泵所显示的效应室浓度。结果3组一般资料、麻醉时间、芬太尼用量及苏醒时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3组MAP、HR及SpO2维持在正常范围。术中异丙酚效应室浓度:与P组比较, ATP1组在T4至T8时降低,ATP2组在T1至T8时降低(p<0.05或0.01);与ATP1组比较,ATP2组T5至T7时降低(P<0.05)。结论腹部手术患者麻醉中,BIS维持40~55时,ATP 0.4~0.6 mg·kg^-1·h^-1持续静脉输注可降低靶控输注异丙酚效应室浓度,且随ATP用药量的增加,异丙酚用药量相应减少,且不影响苏醒时间。  相似文献   

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目的评价不同靶浓度瑞芬太尼对麻醉诱导时病人眼内压(10P)的影响。方法60例ASAⅠ级择期行鼻内窥镜手术病人,随机分为4组:R0组、R2组、R4组、R6组,每组15例。监测平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、脑电双频谱指数(BIS)、IOP。靶控输注异丙酚,血浆靶浓度为3μg/ml,5min后R2组、R4组、R6组分别靶控输注血浆靶浓度为2.4、6ng/ml瑞芬太尼,R0组静脉注射3μg/kg芬太尼,3min后气管插管。BIS低于70时静脉注射0.1mg/kg维库溴铵。记录入室后(基础值)、靶控输注瑞芬太尼前(T1)、气管插管前(T2)及气管插管后5min内最大值(T3)的IOP、MAP和HR。将靶控输注瑞芬太尼前后MAP与IOP的变化差值进行直线相关分析。结果与基础值相比,输注瑞芬太尼后R2组、R4组及R6组IOP下降(P〈0.05),组间比较差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05);气管插管后心组IOP明显升高(P〈0.05),但仍低于基础值。R2组、R4组、R6组MAP与IOP的变化差值的相关系数分别0.803、0.835及0.883(P〈0.05),IOP下降与MAP下降程度呈正相关。结论靶控输注瑞芬太尼可明显降低麻醉诱导时病人的IOP,靶浓度4、6nG/ml可抑制气管插管引起眼内压的上升。  相似文献   

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[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。  相似文献   

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A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.  相似文献   

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The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.  相似文献   

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目的:研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法:选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例(男6例,女12例)。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果:下颌第二磨牙后移量为(3.49±1.21)mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为(4.43±0.97)mm。结论:下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。  相似文献   

18.
ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.  相似文献   

19.
目的 通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法 采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果 测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论 经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。  相似文献   

20.
Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.  相似文献   

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