急诊和择期冠状动脉介入治疗对急性心肌梗死左心室重构和功能的影响

目的评价急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者接受急诊和择期经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗对左心室重构和收缩功能的影响。方法对48例初次发病,发病时间在12h以内或12～24h之间的AMI患者行急诊PCI术;对27例AMI患者行择期PCI术。于术后2周、3个月和6个月行二维超声心动图测量左心室收缩末容积指数(LVESVI)、左心室舒张末容积指数(LVEDVI)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)和梗死区室壁运动指数(RWMI),并进行对比。结果术后2周、3个月急诊PCI组LVESVI、LVEDVI、LVEF和RWMI均显著优于择期PCI组。两组3个月和6个月时LVESVI、LVEDVI、LVEF及RWMI与2周时比较均有显著改善。至6个月时,两组间LVEDVI、LVEF和RWMI比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而LVESVI差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组间GWMI在各时间点统计差异无统计学意义。结论急诊PCI及择期PCI均可有效抑制左心室重构和改善左心室功能,急诊PCI更优于择期PCI。     

急诊与择期经皮冠状动脉介入术对ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者左室重构及心功能影响的对比研究

目的比较急诊与择期经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)对ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者左室重构及心功能的影响。方法选取2013年3月—2014年3月在新疆心脑血管病医院心内科行急诊PCI的116例STEMI患者作为急诊PCI组,行择期PCI的116例STEMI患者作为择期PCI组,病情稳定未行任何冠状动脉再灌注治疗的116例STEMI患者作为对照组。对照组患者仅给予对症支持治疗,未给予静脉溶栓或PCI等冠状动脉再灌注治疗;急诊PCI组患者在发病12～24 h内入院,入院后立刻行PCI放置支架;择期PCI组患者在发病24 h后入院,7～10 d后行PCI放置支架。比较3组患者发病1周及6个月左心室舒张末容积指数(LVEDVI)、左心室收缩末容积指数(LVESVI)及左心室射血分数(LVEF);患者均随访6个月,记录随访期间因急性心力衰竭或其他心血管疾病再次住院率。结果发病1周,急诊PCI组患者LVEDVI、LVESVI小于择期PCI组和对照组,LVEF高于择期PCI组和对照组(P0.05);择期PCI组和对照组患者LVEDVI、LVESVI及LVEF比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。发病6个月,急诊PCI组患者LVEDVI、LVESVI小于择期PCI组和对照组,LVEF高于择期PCI组和对照组(P0.05);择期PCI组患者LVEDVI、LVESVI小于对照组,LVEF高于对照组(P0.05)。随访期间3组患者因急性心力衰竭或其他心血管疾病再次住院率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论急诊与择期PCI均能有效改善STEMI患者的左室重构和心功能,但急诊PCI的改善效果出现更早、更明显。     

直接和择期冠状动脉介入治疗对急性心肌梗死患者左心室重构和左心功能的影响

目的:探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者直接及择期经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)对左心室重构和左心功能的影响。方法:对42例初次发病、发病时间在12h以内或12~24h之间的AMI患者,行直接PCI;对30例AMI患者行择期PCI。于术后2、15和30周行二维超声心动图检查并记录有关心脏事件。结果:术后2、15周直接PCI组的左心室收缩末容积指数(ESVI)、左心室舒张末容积指数(EDVI)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)和梗死区室壁运动指数(RWMI)均显著优于择期PCI组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。择期PCI组、直接PCI组15和30周ESVI、EDVI、LVEF及RWMI与2周时比均有显著改善(P<0.05,P<0.01)。至30周时,直接PCI组和择期PCI组EDVI、LVEF和RWMI差异无统计学意义,而ESVI差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。全心室壁运动指数在2组间始终差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:直接PCI及择期PCI均可有效抑制左心室重构和改善左心室功能,但直接PCI更优于择期PCI。     

择期经皮冠状动脉介入治疗对心肌梗死恢复期患者左室收缩功能及血浆脑钠肽水平的影响

目的评价急性心肌梗死(AMI)恢复期经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)对左心室收缩功能的影响和血浆脑钠肽(BNP)水平的变化。方法将成功PCI 77例患者分为2组,AMI组36例,非AMI组41例。结果(1)非AMI组PCI前、后BNP水平和左心室收缩功能参数和左心室大小无显著变化。(2)AMI组PCI前左心室舒张末容积(LVEDV)及指数(LVEDVI)、收缩末容积(LVESD)及指数(LVESDI)比非AMI组均已显著增大、BNP水平显著升高(P均<0.01),左心室射血分数(LVEF)显著降低(P<0.01);PCI后LVESV、LVESVI及BNP水平均比治疗前显著降低(P均<0.05),LVEF显著提高(P<0.05);LVESVI降低和LVEF升高的程度比非AMI组更显著(P<0.01)。(3)AMI组BNP水平与LVEF呈负相关(r=-0.49,P<0.01)。结论AMI患者恢复期已发生左心室重构伴收缩功能减低,择期PCI可有效逆转左心室重构,提高左心室收缩功能,同时降低BNP水平,且血浆BNP水平可作为治疗AMI的一个灵敏观察指标。     

溶栓后PCI术与直接PCI术对急性心肌梗死患者近期心功能的影响

目的:评价直接PCI术与溶栓后不同血流状态患者行择期PCI术对急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者心功能的影响。方法:回顾性分析54例AMI并行PCI术的患者,分为直接PCI组20例,溶栓后IRA血流TIMI 0、Ⅰ级组14例和溶栓后IRA血流TIMIⅡ、Ⅲ级组20例,通过二维超声心动图观察3组术后3d、术后30d和术后90d的左心室收缩功能的变化。结果:所有患者经治疗后,血管再通率达100%。直接PCI治疗后30d、90d的AMI患者左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期容积指数(LVEDVI)、左心室收缩末期容积指数(LVESVI)较之术后3d时改善明显;溶栓后血流TIMI 0、Ⅰ级的患者术后LVEF值、LVEDVI、LVESVI有所改善,但较之直接PCI组却明显降低;但溶栓后血流TIMIⅡ级和Ⅲ级的患者术后上述指标的改善与直接PCI组无明显区别。结论:AMI起病7~10d再开通血管的患者心功能明显不如急诊开通者,而不管是急诊PCI还是溶栓开通血管后再行择期PCI均可使患者心功能得到明显改善。     

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗对冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞病变患者左心室重构及心功能的影响

目的评价经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)对伴左心室收缩功能不全的冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞(CTO)患者左室重构及心功能的影响。方法选择该院心内科住院患者88例,经冠状动脉造影(CAG)证实均为伴左心室收缩功能不全的慢性冠状动脉闭塞病变,根据是否对CTO病变行PCI治疗,将患者分为PCI治疗组(n=48)和药物治疗组(n=40)。于CAG术前及术后1周、3个月、6个月分别进行超声心动图检查,计算校正的舒张末期容积指数(LVEDVI)、收缩末期容积指数(LVESVI)和左室射血分数(LVEF),比较两组患者左室重构及心功能的差异。结果两组CAG基线资料比较,差异无统计学意义。CAG术后1周时两组LVEDVI、LVESVI、LVEF比较,差异无统计学意义。3个月时PCI组LVEDVI较术前显著降低,LVEF显著提高;与药物治疗组相比,差异也有统计学意义。6个月时PCI组LVEDVI进一步降低,LVEF进一步提高。结论PCI能够改善伴左心室收缩功能不全的CTO患者左心室收缩功能,改善左心室重构。     

急诊PCI对急性心肌梗死合并新发右束支传导阻滞患者左室重构的影响

目的探讨急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）对急性心肌梗死合并新发右束支传导阻滞患者左室重构的影响。方法86例新发右束支传导阻滞的AMI患者随机分为急诊PCI治疗组（45例，观察组）及静脉溶栓治疗组（41例，对照组），分别于人院后24h、I周、1个月及3月行超声心动图检查，测量左心室舒张末期容积指数、左心室收缩末期容积指数和左心室射血分数。结果急诊PCI组与静脉溶栓治疗组于术后1个月及3个月左心室容积均减小，左心室射血分数升高；术后3个月两组左心室舒张期末容积指数[（63．4±5．8）ml／m^2比（67．3±6．4）ml／m^2]、左心室收缩期末容积指数[（30．5±3．4）ml/m^2比（34．6±4．0）ml／m^2]和左心室射血分数[（0．53±0．04）％比（0．50±0．02）％]，差异有统计学意义。结论急诊PCI治疗可明显抑制新发右束支传导阻滞的急性心肌梗死患者左室重构，改善左心室功能。     

老年急性心肌梗死患者择期冠脉支架术对左室重构及左心功能的影响

目的 观察和评价老年急性心肌梗死患者行择期冠脉支架术对左心室重构及左心功能的影响。方法 选择初次延误治疗时机（9例），溶栓治疗未成功者（15例），心肌梗死急性期血流动力学不稳定（8例）的老年（≥60岁）AMI患者，在发病2～4W内行择期经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术（PTCA）及支架治疗。于术前1d、术后4w及12w行二维超声心动图检查，并记录有关心脏事件。结果 行PTCA术及支架置入术后，血管再通率为100％，且术后4w及12w左室收缩末期容积指数（ESVI），左心室舒张末容积指数（EDVI），左心室射血分数（LVEF）和梗死区室壁运动指数（RWMI）均明显优于术前（P〈0．01，P〈0．01，P〈0，01，P〈0．01）。结论 老年急性心肌梗死患者择期行冠脉支架术可有效抑制左心室重构和改善左心室功能，并且安全可行，可降低心脏事件的发生。     

不同时间窗延迟经皮冠状动脉介入治疗对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者预后的影响

目的 探讨不同时间窗延迟经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（ST-elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI）患者预后的影响.方法 将2010年1月至2013年1月因STEMI入住广东药学院第一附属医院的109例患者分为两组：A组55例（PCI治疗时间窗为12～24 h）,B组54例（PCI治疗时间窗为5～14 d）.A组行延迟PCI治疗后予积极药物治疗,B组经积极药物治疗患者病情稳定后行延迟PCI治疗.于入院3d内、1个月、1年分别行超声心动图检查,计算左心室收缩末容积指数（LVESVI）、左心室舒张末容积指数（LVEDVI）和左心室射血分数（LVEF）,并判断左心功能的状况以及观察患者发病后1年内主要心血管事件（MACE）的发生情况.结果 两组患者术前基本临床情况以及术中情况比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.两组在入院3d内左心功能比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;术后1个月、1年两组患者左心功能均有改善,A组左心功能改善程度明显比B组好,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.A组在复合心血管事件、心力衰竭以及心源性病死率等方面较B组明显下降,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 错过最佳再灌注时机的急性STEMI患者在发病24 h内行延迟PCI治疗仍可使患者更多获益.     

直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗对急性前壁心肌梗死并室壁瘤患者心室重构和心功能关系的对比研究

目的　观察和评价直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗 ( PCI)对急性前壁心肌梗死 ( AMI)合并室壁瘤形成患者左心室重构和心功能的影响。方法　对发病后 12 h以内入院的首次前壁 AMI患者行 PCI、尿激酶静脉溶栓、AMI常规治疗。所有患者均在治疗后 2周行超声心动图 ( UCG)筛查有无室壁瘤形成。入选有室壁瘤者并于 2周、12周、2 4周行 UCG检查。结果　共入选患者 76例 ,其中PCI组 2 8例 ( A组 ) ,溶栓组 2 6例 ( B组 ) ,对照组 2 2例 ( C组 )。结果显示 :( 1)治疗后 2周 ,A组左心室收缩末期容积指数( LVESVI)、左心室舒张末期容积指数 ( LVEDVI)、左心室质量指数 ( L VMI)、局部室壁运动指数 ( RWMI)低于 C组 ( P均 <0 .0 5 ) ,左心室射血分数 ( LVEF)高于 C组 [( 4 8.3 3± 4.5 6) % vs( 3 5 .3 3± 4.2 8) % ,P<0 .0 5 ] ;B组 L VESVI、LVEDVI、LVMI、RWMI低于 C组 ( P均 <0 .0 5 ) ,L VEF高于 C组 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ;A组 LVESVI、L VEDVI低于 B组 ( P均 <0 .0 5 ) ,L VEF高于 B组 ( P<0 .0 5 )。( 2 )治疗后 12周 ,A组 LVESVI、L VEDVI低于 B组 ( P均 <0 .0 5 ) ;A、B组 LVESVI、L VEDVI、L VMI、RWMI均低于 C组 ( P均<0 .0 5 ) ,L VEF均高于 C组 ( P均 <0 .0 5 )。 ( 3 )治疗后 2 4周 A组 L VESVI仍低于 B组 3 6.60     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.