经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术治疗复发性非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌

目的 探讨经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(transurethral resection of bladder tumor,TURBT)治疗复发性非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌的疗效.方法 本组复发性非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌63例,肿瘤单发36例,多发27例.肿瘤直径0.2～3.0 cm,术前均经膀胱镜检查,活检病理检查确诊为低级别尿路上皮癌.所有患者均行TURBT,术后常规卡介苗或化疗药物膀胱灌注,定期复查膀胱镜.结果 63例均顺利完成手术,无严重手术并发症.术后61例获得随访,随访时间8～62个月,平均36个月,38例长期稳定,未见复发;23例复发,复发率37.7%(23/61).其中17例再次行TURBT,手术后9例病情稳定,8例术后再次复发,再行TURBT 1～4次(其中5例临床分期增至T2,鉴于患者高龄或全身情况较差,仍采用TURBT治疗);6例术后复发,因临床分期增加至T2～T3,行开放手术,其中2例行膀胱部分切除术,4例行根治性膀胱切除术.随访期间死亡2例.结论 对于复发性非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌,TURBT安全性高,并发症少,疗效确切.对于进展为T2期的老年体弱膀胱癌患者,多次TURBT可改善生活质量,延缓患者生命,可有选择性地应用.     

吉西他滨+顺铂联合化疗在保留膀胱治疗肌层浸润性膀胱癌的临床疗效评价

目的 探讨保留膀胱手术结合吉西他滨+顺铂化疗在肌层浸润性膀胱癌(MIBC)治疗中的临床疗效和不良反应.方法 收集本院2008年1月至2010年12月30例经尿道膀胱肿瘤切电(TURBT)术后病检明确MIBC患者,其中肿瘤分期为:T2aN0M0～ T3aN0M0,肿瘤为单发或多发,肿瘤最大直径小于4cm,行吉西他滨+顺铂(GC方案)化疗,吉西他滨1000mg/m2于第1、8天静脉滴注,顺铂30mg/m2静脉滴注,于第2～4天,每21d重复,均行4～6疗程化疗.结果 30例患者均获得随访,平均36个月,其中20例患者无复发及转移,10例患者复发,2例化疗2周期后复发,再次行TURBT后化疗4周期,随访未复发;4例患者给予全膀胱切除术,4例患者给予TURBT后行放疗,其中2例患者因肿瘤复发死亡,1例患者带瘤生存,1例患者未复发,所有患者无严重化疗副反应,均可耐受,无化疗死亡病例.结论 TURBT术后确诊的MIBC患者采用吉西他滨+顺铂化疗能明显的提高疗效,有效地减少肿瘤的复发,相对于膀胱全切,提高了患者的生活质量,患者易于接受,为不能耐受全膀胱切除或不愿行全膀胱切除的膀胱癌患者提供了新的治疗模式.     

经尿道钬激光膀胱肿瘤整块切除术联合化疗治疗肌层浸润性膀胱癌27例

目的探讨肌层浸润性膀胱癌(muscle invasive bladder cancer,MIBC)行经尿道钬激光膀胱肿瘤整块切除(En bloc resection)联合化疗的临床疗效。方法我院2015年6月～2017年12月对27例MIBC(拒绝或无法耐受根治性膀胱切除术)采用经尿道钬激光膀胱肿瘤整块切除,术中沿肿瘤基底周边1 cm环形切除肿瘤,切除深度达膀胱浆膜层,同时创面基底部活检。术后1周丝裂霉素40 mg局部膀胱灌注(1次/周,共8次,后改为1次/月,共1年),吉西他滨1000 mg/m2(第1、8、15天)+顺铂70 mg/m2(第2天)静脉化疗,4周为1个周期,共2～4周期。结果 27例均顺利完成手术,手术时间20～48min,平均32. 4 min。术中膀胱冲洗液量4. 2～9. 6 L,未出现明显出血、闭孔神经反射。术后留置三腔气囊尿管1～3 d。术后病理为浸润性乳头状尿路上皮癌,G1期14例,G2期8例,G3期5例;基底部活检阳性1例。27例术后随访6～24个月,平均13个月,5例(18. 5%)局部复发,首次复发时间3～18个月(中位时间10个月),1例术后13个月死于远处转移,1例术后18个月死于脑血管意外。结论经尿道膀胱肿瘤钬激光整块切除联合化疗治疗MIBC,出血少,副作用轻,病理分期精准,可作为不愿行膀胱癌根治患者的替代治疗方案。     

经尿道双极等离子电切系统治疗膀胱癌85例报告

目的探讨应用经尿道双极等离子电切系统治疗膀胱癌的安全性和疗效。方法采用英国Gyrus公司的经尿道双极等离子电切系统行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(transurethral resection of the bladder tumor,TURBT)治疗膀胱癌85例,切割电极切除肿瘤直达深肌层,同时扩大到电切距肿瘤基底1 cm范围的正常组织,术后定期膀胱内灌注吡柔比星。结果手术时间10~52 min,平均23 min。术中发生闭孔神经反射19例,其中腹膜外穿孔2例。64例随访3~72个月,平均21个月,复发17例(术后6~12个月3例复发,1~2年9例复发,2~5年5例复发),行1~4次电切8例,膀胱部分切除5例,全膀胱切除4例;死亡2例,其中1例死于心机梗死,另1例死于肿瘤广泛转移。结论双极等离子电切系统行TURBT治疗浅表性膀胱癌是一种安全有效的方法,但仍要防止闭孔神经反射的发生。     

非肌层浸润性膀胱癌合并良性前列腺增生患者可同期行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术+经尿道前列腺电切术

<正>膀胱肿瘤是我国泌尿外科临床上最常见的肿瘤之一,可分为非肌层浸润性膀胱癌(non muscle-invasive bladder cancer,NMIBC)及肌层浸润性膀胱癌(muscle-invasive bladder cancer,MIBC),其中NMIBC占初发肿瘤的70%,膀胱癌诊断治疗指南上对于NMIBC的治疗首选经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(transurethral resection of bladder tumor,TURBT)。良     

经尿道二次电切治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤的临床研究

目的 观察经尿道二次电切术(repeat transurethral resection,ReTUR)治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤的的临床疗效.方法使用经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(transurethral resection of bladder tumor,TURBT)治疗的187例术后病理证实为非肌层浸润性尿路上皮癌患者中根据肿瘤突破黏膜层(T1期)为高级别癌及术后标本有无肌层组织筛选出63例患者,排除含因肿瘤波及范围较广而改行膀胱癌根治术或因某些原因而未继续治疗的患者.所有患者均于术后4～7周行ReTUR术,术后第一天即开始规范化疗,记录其手术效果及并发症.结果 63例行ReTUR术的患者中40例(63.5%)发现无肿瘤残留,23例(36.5%)有肿瘤残留;术后病理检查证实:19例残留肿瘤未侵及肌层,其中Ta期11例,T1期8例;4例(17.4%)肿瘤侵及肌层均为高级别癌.8例(12.7%)在初次切除时肿瘤分期被低估,Ta期、T1期各为4例.ReTUR术中3例(4.8%)发生膀胱穿孔;2例发生膀胱出血.所有均获随访,随访6～48个月,平均(24±1.5)个月.结论 TUR治疗膀胱非浸润性膀胱癌术后容易复发或进展,应于初次手术后4～7周常规行ReTUR术,能早期发现及清除残留复发的肿瘤,并可提高肿瘤分期的准确性及时优化治疗方案,提高患者的长期生存率.     

浸润性膀胱癌的治疗

目前对浸润性膀胱癌(invasive bladder cancer，IBC)的治疗除了部分T2期膀胱癌行膀胱部分切除或经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURBT)外，大多采用根治性全膀胱切除术。     

非肌层浸润性膀胱癌经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术后肿瘤残余病人行二次电切术后复发的危险因素分析

目的 探究非肌层浸润性膀胱癌经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURBT)术后肿瘤残余病人行二次电切术后复发的危险因素。方法 2020年5月～2021年6月我院收治的非肌层浸润性膀胱癌行TURBT术后肿瘤残余病人100例,随访术后12个月复发情况,并将其分为复发组(15例)和未复发组(85例)。采用多因素Logistic回归分析法分析非肌层浸润性膀胱癌病人二次电切术后复发的危险因素,同时建立Nomogram列线图模型,绘制受试者工作特征曲线分析预测效能。结果 100例非肌层浸润性膀胱癌行二次电切术后随访12个月复发15例,1年复发率15.00%。复发组首次TURBT术前肿瘤多发、肿瘤分期T1期、肿瘤分化程度低分化所占比例均高于未复发组,肿瘤带蒂、二次电切术后卡介苗灌注所占比例均低于未复发组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic多因素回归分析显示,首次TURBT术前肿瘤多发、肿瘤分期T1期、肿瘤低分化均为二次电切术后复发的危险因素(P<0.05)。二次电切术后卡介苗灌注为二次电切术后复发的保护因素(P<0.05)。列线图预测模型预测非肌层浸润性膀胱癌病人二次电切术后复...     

二次电切对T1G3期膀胱肿瘤疗效影响的回顾性分析

目的：探讨T1G3期膀胱肿瘤患者行第二次经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术（TURBT）治疗的临床意义。方法：收集2005年1月～2010年4月,初次TURBT治疗后病理诊断为T1G3期膀胱肿瘤患者4周内行第二次TURBT治疗共23例（观察组）。以同期行TURBT后诊断为T1G3期膀胱肿瘤,但未行二次电切的37例患者为对照。两组患者术后均予以羟喜树碱行膀胱灌注治疗,观察两组间肿瘤复发率差异,残余肿瘤存在与否及位置,肿瘤病理分期、分级的变化,根据第二次TURBT的结果采取的不同治疗方案．结果：二次电切后发现7例（30％）有残余肿瘤,5例（23％）有肿瘤分期的升高,其中3例改行根治性膀胱切除术。随访10n18个月（平均13个月）,有4例（17％）肿瘤复发。对照组19例（52％）肿瘤复发。结论：第二次TURBT治疗检测残存肿瘤,揭示肿瘤分期情况,提前确定患者是否应行根治性膀胱切除的重要依据及可明显降低肿瘤的复发与进展。     

经尿道电切术治疗中晚期浸润性膀胱癌的探讨

目的 探讨经尿道电切术治疗中晚期浸润性膀胱癌的疗效.方法 对81例中晚期膀胱癌患者施行了经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURBT),手术参照根治性TURBT原则,切除深度均达深肌层或膀胱壁外脂肪层,术后给予卡介苗(BCG)膀胱灌注化疗或放疗,随访3～24个月.结果 复发32例,复发率39.5%(32/81),对复发者再次行TURBT.死亡18例,死亡率22.2%(18/81).结论 对年老体弱不能耐受或不愿意接受膀胱全切的中晚期膀胱癌患者可施行TURBT,以达到延长生命,提高生活质量的目的 .     

The management of T1G3 bladder cancer

INTRODUCTION: The treatment of T1G3 bladder cancer is still a controversial issue. Nowadays, intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) instillation is considered to be the treatment of choice for patients with high-grade superficial bladder tumour after transurethral resection of all visible tumour. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the effects and results of this approach, recurrence and progression rates in patients with T1G3 superficial bladder tumours. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 43 patients (28 male, 15 female; mean age 65.5 years, range 21-82) with T1G3 TCC (transitional cell carcinoma) bladder tumour underwent transurethral resection and subsequent intravesical BCG according to Morales protocol, in the period 1993-1998 at our institution. The mean follow-up period was 52.5 (range 30-96) months. RESULTS: After one or more initial courses of therapy, 33 patients were disease-free. Twelve patients (27.90%) had recurrent tumour after a median of 7 (range 3-46) months. After a second course of BCG treatment, 6 patients had no evidence of disease, 3 patients had progression and 3 had recurrence. Progression occurred in 7 (16.27%) patients after a median of 19 (range 3-43) months. Five patients underwent radical cystectomy and the remaining 2 underwent bladder-preserving therapies. Two patients died of TCC and 3 due to disease-unrelated conditions. CONCLUSION: Intravesical BCG instillation can be recommended as treatment modality for responders with T1G3 TCC bladder tumour. The benefit of the second course of intravesical BCG therapy has to be confirmed in further investigations.     

保留膀胱手术联合动脉插管化疗对高危非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的疗效研究

目的：研究保留膀胱手术联合动脉插管化疗对高危非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的疗效.方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2014年12月于我院行保留膀胱手术的58例高危非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者的临床资料,58例患者术后随机纳入动脉插管化疗组和膀胱灌注组,定期随访,观察比较两组患者的复发率、进展率、无复发生存率、无肿瘤进展生存率和毒副作用等.结果经过10~46(中位时间25)个月的随访,动脉化疗组(27例,平均随访23.7个月)1例复发,复发率为3.7％,平均无肿瘤复发生存时间为(38.2±0.8)个月;无肿瘤进展,肿瘤进展率为0.膀胱灌注组(31例,平均随访25.7个月)10例复发,复发率为32.3％,平均无肿瘤复发时间为(29.7±2.3)个月;5例肿瘤进展(侵犯肌层或远处转移),进展率为16.1％.两组无复发生存率分别为95.7％、37.0％,无肿瘤进展生存率分别为100％、66.7％,两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(分别P＝0．006,P＝0．030).结论保留膀胱手术的高危非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者联合动脉插管化疗相比单纯行膀胱灌注化疗能有效降低膀胱癌复发及进展的风险.     

Prognosis of the patients with high grade bladder carcinoma

The pathological features and clinical outcome of grade 3 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, excluding CIS, encountered between 1972 and 1988 were studied to clarify the clinical characteristics of the disease. The subjects of this study were 108 patients consisting of 76 males and 32 females aged 33-87 years, with a mean age of 66 years. The survival rate according to each factor was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method, and the survival curves were compared by generalized Wilcoxon test. Grade 3 bladder cancer was often papillary, sessile and about 3 cm in diameter and showed a tendency of multiple occurrence. Histopathologically, it was often in high stages of pT2 or above and frequently with vascular invasion. Total cystectomy is not considered to be an absolute necessity for pT1, G3 bladder cancer patient, because, in our experience, it did not improve the prognosis. However, bladder-preserving operation requires strict postoperative follow-ups. After this operation, the 5-year survival rate was higher in the no-recurrence group than in the recurrence group, and the out come tended to be better in the group that had undergone intravesical instillation chemotherapy for prevention of recurrence than in the group without this therapy. Ample intravesical instillation chemotherapy after bladder-preserving operation seems to improve the postoperative course of bladder cancer patients. Total cystectomy may be unavoidable in patients with pT2 or above, and no effect of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy was noted in our series. The establishment of multidisciplinary approaches is considered to be needed for improvement of the prognosis of high stage bladder cancer.     

Transurethral resection and sequential chemo-immunoprophylaxis in primary T1G3 bladder cancer

OBJECTIVES: T1G3 superficial bladder cancer is considered to be at high risk for progression, and in some institutions early cystectomy is advocated. Other authors and personal experience suggest that conservative treatment, such as TURBT followed by intravesical prophylaxis, may be adequate in the majority of cases. The purpose of the present phase II study was to assess the tolerability and efficacy of sequential intravesical administration of a chemotherapeutic agent, epirubicin, followed by BCG, after TURBT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 81 patients with primary T1G3 superficial bladder cancer, without evidence of Tis or upper tract tumor, underwent TURBT and intravesical prophylaxis with weekly epirubicin 50 mg for 8 weeks followed by weekly BCG Connaught 120 mg for 6 weeks. A control cystoscopy with bladder mapping and/or TUR of suspicious areas was performed at 15-17 weeks. Then patients were followed-up with 3-month urinary cytology and cystoscopy. RESULTS: The sequential chemo-immunoprophylaxis was generally well tolerated. After a mean follow-up of 48 months recurrent tumors were found in 19 patients (23.4%) and progressive disease in 6 cases (7.4%). Of 6 progressions, 4 patients died (5%) of the disease. CONCLUSION: Sequential chemo-immunoprophylaxis with epirubicin followed by BCG is well tolerated and seems to be efficacious in primary T1G3 bladder cancer. The recurrence progression and disease-specific mortality rates were acceptable so that this study seems to confirm previous data which show that TURBT and intravesical prophylaxis are appropriate treatment for the majority T1G3 tumors.     

保留膀胱综合方法治疗肌层浸润性膀胱癌的疗效评价

目的探索保留膀胱手术＋膀胱内灌注化疗＋动脉灌注化疗治疗浸润性膀胱癌的临床疗效。方法 2003年5月至2012年2月,对经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切或膀胱部分切除后确诊为肌层浸润性膀胱癌（T2N0M0）的56例保留膀胱的患者,给予动脉灌注化疗加膀胱灌注化疗。结果 56例患者均获得随访,随访6～98个月,平均（36.0±3.2）个月,53例（94.6%）患者无复发及转移,3例（5.4%）分别在术后6、8、12复发,复发患者均给于全膀胱切除术,无死亡病例,没有明显并发症。结论保留膀胱手术后确诊的肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者,采用经髂内动脉灌注化疗＋膀胱内灌注化疗的联合治疗方法,能有效减少肿瘤复发,显著降低静脉化疗的副作用,提高患者的生活质量,患者易于接受,值得进一步探讨。     

对肌层浸润性膀胱癌不同分期行个体化治疗的讨论

肌层浸润性膀胱癌(MIBC)治疗的经典方案为根治性全膀胱切除+盆腔淋巴结清扫术,但近些年来国内外研究报道对MIBC患者采用保留膀胱手术+综合治疗,可获得相似或超过RC之疗效。分析保留膀胱手术可取得较好疗效与MIBC患者之相对分期低、病理分级属低级别性质肿瘤以及采用新辅助、辅助化、放疗等综合治疗密切相关。MIBC包括3个分期(T2、T3、T4),如能对不同分期制定相应的个体化治疗方案,而不是一律采用RC,相信会避免过度治疗且会进而提高MIBC患者生存率和生活质量。为此本文提出对MIBC中不同分期患者采用个体化综合治疗方案的设想:T2a期采用TURBT或根治性TURBT+术后膀胱灌注化疗;对T3a期新辅助化疗1～2疗程后行PR+盆腔淋巴清扫术,术后膀胱灌注化疗+辅助性化、放疗等综合治疗。余不同分期方案见文内。以上方案之设想仅供研讨,期盼进一步完善,提高疗效。     

Clinical outcome of conservative therapy for stage T1, grade 3 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to retrospectively investigate the effectiveness of transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) and intravesical instillation therapy for stage T1, grade 3 (T1G3) transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder. METHODS: Between January 1995 and December 1997, 97 patients with T1G3 TCC of the urinary bladder were treated by TURBT and adjuvant intravesical instillation with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) or other anticancer agents. The recurrence-free survival rates were evaluated according to several clinicopathological factors. The cases that progressed to muscle invasive disease were also analysed. RESULTS: In this series, the median follow-up period was 25 months (range, 5- 41) after the initial TURBT. Intravesical recurrence was noted in 44 patients (45%), and the 1, 2, and 3 year recurrence-free survival rates were 72%, 58%, and 42%, respectively. Multivariate analyses revealed that the risk of intravesical recurrence was significantly higher for patients who did not receive BCG therapy, irrespective of age, gender, tumor size, multiplicity, pathological stage, concomitant carcinoma in situ, and lymphovascular involvement. Moreover, after a median of 10 months, disease progression occurred in seven patients (7%), of which only one patient was treated by BCG therapy after initial TURBT. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that intravesical instillation with BCG combined with TURBT is an effective conservative treatment for T1G3 TCC of the bladder. Patients with negative prognostic factors should be treated by BCG rather than other anticancer agents after TURBT.     

Superficial (pT2a) and deep (pT2b) muscle invasion in pathological staging of bladder cancer following radical cystectomy

PURPOSE: We compared and evaluated clinical outcomes in patients with pathological superficial (pT2a) and deep (pT2b) invasion of bladder muscle with transitional cell carcinoma following radical cystectomy and urinary diversion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1971 to 2001, 311 of 1,359 patients (23%), including 244 males (78%) and 67 females, were found to have pathological muscle invasive (pT2) bladder cancer following radical cystectomy. Of this group 147 patients (47%) had pT2a (superficial) and 164 (53%) had pT2b (deep) muscle invasive tumors. Overall 242 patients had no evidence of lymph node metastasis, including 127 with pT2a (86%) and 115 with pT2b (70%). A total of 69 patients (22%) had lymph node involvement, including 20 with pT2a (14%) and 49 with pT2b (30%). At a median followup of 14.3 years (range 0 to 30.1) clinical outcomes were determined, including recurrence-free and overall survival, and local vs distant recurrence. RESULTS: In the 311 patients with pT2 tumors 10-year recurrence-free and overall survival rates were 72% and 47%, respectively. There was a significantly higher risk of node positive disease with pT2b vs pT2a tumors (30% vs 14%, p <0.001). No significant difference was observed in 10-year recurrence-free survival in patients with pT2a node negative vs pT2b node negative tumors (84% vs 72%, p = 0.091). When comparing pT2a node positive vs pT2b node positive tumors, no significant difference was observed in 10-year recurrence-free survival (50% vs 48%, p = 0.84). Recurrence-free survival was significantly higher in patients with pT2 lymph node negative tumors than in those with pT2 lymph node positive tumors (79% vs 49%, p <0.001). Furthermore, these differences remained significant when stratified by pT2a and pT2b node negative vs positive disease. Local pelvic recurrence developed in 10 of 311 patients (3%) with pT2 disease, while 69 (22%) had distant metastatic disease. In patients with recurrence the local or distant recurrence site was not associated with tumor stage (pT2a vs pT2b p = 0.24) or lymph node status (node negative vs positive p = 0.37). CONCLUSIONS: In muscle invasive (pT2) bladder cancer treated with radical cystectomy there is a higher risk of lymph node positive disease in deep muscle (pT2b) vs superficial (pT2a) invasion. However, no apparent difference was observed in recurrence-free survival between pT2a (superficial) vs pT2b (deep) muscle invasive tumors when controlling for lymph node status. Recurrence-free survival is significantly improved in patients with pT2 lymph node negative tumors compared to survival in those with pT2 lymph node positive tumors. Patients with muscle invasive (pT2), lymph node negative tumors have excellent clinical outcomes following cystectomy, while those with muscle invasive (pT2), lymph node positive tumors have higher recurrence rates and should be considered for adjuvant treatment protocols.     

Long-term results of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy for stage T1 superficial bladder cancer

OBJECTIVES: To examine in a prospective study the incidence of recurrence and progression in patients with Stage T1 bladder carcinoma after complete transurethral resection of the bladder tumor and adjuvant immunotherapy with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). METHODS: Between July 1987 and April 1999, 126 patients presenting to our clinic with a superficial urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (Stage pT1, grade 1-3) received adjuvant intravesical immunotherapy with BCG after complete transurethral resection of the bladder tumor. In the case of recurrence of superficial tumor (pTa, pT1, or carcinoma in situ), patients received a second cycle of BCG. For muscle-invasive tumor progression (pT2, pT3, or pT4), radical cystectomy was recommended. Six of the patients (5%) presented with Stage pT1,G1 tumor, 74 (59%) with Stage pT1,G2 tumor, and 46 patients (36%) with Stage pT1,G3 tumor. Median follow-up was 53 months (range 3 to 144). RESULTS: One hundred eight patients (86%) remained tumor-free with a retained bladder during the follow-up after one or two 6-week cycles of BCG. Twenty-four patients (19%) had a recurrence of superficial tumor, 13 (10%) had muscle-invasive progression after the first BCG cycle, and an additional 4 (3%) had progression after the second BCG cycle. Six patients (5%) underwent radical cystectomy, and 9 patients (7%) died as a result of tumor progression. The tumor-free survival rate of all patients was 89% (112 of 126). CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant immunotherapy with BCG after complete transurethral resection of the bladder tumor represents a highly effective primary treatment for Stage T1 carcinoma of the bladder. Even in Stage pT1,G3 tumor, immediate radical cystectomy does not appear necessary.     

Recurrence and progression of stage T1, grade 3 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder following intravesical immunotherapy with bacillus Calmette-Guerin

PURPOSE: We prospectively examined the incidence of recurrence and progression in patients with stage pT1, grade 3 carcinoma of the bladder following complete transurethral resection of the bladder tumor and adjuvant immunotherapy with bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between July 1987 and March 1999, 123 patients presenting to our clinic with superficial urothelial carcinoma (stage pT1, grades 1 to 3) received adjuvant intravesical immunotherapy with BCG after histologically confirmed complete transurethral tumor resection. Disease was stage pT1, grade 3 in 44 patients (36%). Median followup was 28 months (mean 43, range 5 to 141). RESULTS: Of the patients 36 (82%) with bladder preservation remained tumor-free during followup after 1 or 2 cycles of BCG. Superficial tumor recurred in 5 patients (11%) and muscle invasive progression was noted in 7 (16%). Radical cystectomy was performed in 4 cases (9%). Of the patients 5 (11%) died of cancer. Tumor-free survival for all patients was 89% (39 of 44). CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant immunotherapy with BCG after complete transurethral resection of bladder tumor represents a highly effective primary treatment of stage pT1, grade 3 carcinoma of the bladder. Immediate radical cystectomy does not appear necessary.