城市社区高血压高危人群的膳食干预研究

目的 探讨合理的生活方式和膳食结构与原发性高血压发病的关系及其在高血压防治中的应用。方法 于1997－1999年对上海南市区102名高血压高危对象进行了膳食干预研究。结果 经过两年的合理膳食干预后，对照组中可促进高血压发生发展的膳食营养因素明显增加，而干预组则明显减少或维持原有水平。两年间，干预组平均收缩压和舒张压水平分别下降了3．8和2．9mmHg，而对照组的血压水平没有明显变化。结论 通过膳食综合干预可以改善城市社区居民的膳食结构，并可降低血压水平，是预防原发性高血压的一项有效措施。     

高血压高危人群膳食干预效果调查

高血压的一级预防是防治高血压的有效手段。合理膳食是一级预防中重要的环节。大量人群干预试验表明：实施综合防治是防治慢性非传染性疾病的有效措施。本研究通过对高血压高危人群进行健康教育、提倡合理膳食和健康生活方式干预后观察其效果。本次调查为本研究中膳食调查部分的结局调查：对两年前选定的干预区利对照区高危人群做膳食现状调查，调查结果与两年前基线调查结果进行比较。     

四川省达州市膳食调查人群膳食模式与高血压关系

目的探讨四川省达州市膳食调查人群膳食模式与高血压关系。方法于2018年2月—2019年1月以四川省达州市7个县市区(通川区、达川区、宣汉县、开江县、大竹县、渠县、万源市)作为监测点,采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,在每个县市区选择5个居委会,每个居委会随机选择10户家庭进行膳食模式的调查。采用横断面调查方法进行问卷调查、体格检查及实验室检查3部分。膳食模式分析采用主成分分析法,以抽样适度测定(KMO)值与Barlett球形检验对适用性进行判断。结果本次调查的922人中325人为高血压病患者,患病率为35.25%。不同年龄及居住地人群高血压患病率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),其中年龄>60岁及城市人群高血压患病率更高。KMO值为0.658,Bartlett球形检验P<0.05,数据可用于因子分析。按照特征根≥1标准分析,本次调查人群共4种膳食模式。模式1贡献率为16.38%,根据各成分特征向量大小及方向,该模式主要与油炸食品、膨化食品、西式快餐、碳酸饮料、鸡蛋及其制品有关。模式2贡献率为12.95%,主要与蔬菜、水果及新鲜肉类有关。模式3贡献率为10.72%,...     

冠心病的饮食治疗

控制总热量,维持正常的体重 糖在总热量中的比例应控制在60％-70％。宜多吃些粗粮,以增加复杂的糖类、纤维素、维生素的含量。单糖及双糖等应适当控制,尤其是高脂血症和肥胖者更应注意。 限制脂肪 脂肪的摄入应限制在总热量的30％以下,以植     

北京农村地区高血压高危人群的膳食干预研究

为探讨合理的生活方式和膳食结构与原发性高血压发病的关系 ,于 1997～ 1999年对北京房山地区 97名高血压高危对象进行了膳食干预研究 ,膳食调查采用称重法结合 3日 2 4小时回顾法 ,干预措施主要有合理膳食及生活方式卫生宣教 ,填写健康挂历、限盐以及适当增加运动等。结果显示 :(1)在高血压高危人群中普遍存在膳食结构不合理的现象 ;(2 )经过两年的合理膳食干预后 ,干预组中可促进高血压发生发展的膳食营养因素明显减少 ,而对照组则明显增加或没有变化。两年间 ,对照组超重 +肥胖者比例增加了2 4 6 % ,而干预组无明显变化 ,干预组平均收缩压和舒张压水平分别下降了 3 7和 5 1mmHg ,而对照组的血压水平没有明显变化 ,而且干预组两年内高血压的新发病例数明显低于对照组。因此 ,加强营养知识宣教和合理膳食指导是预防原发性高血压的一项重要而且有效的措施。     

不同工种职业人群高血压发病调查

为制定有针对性的预防高血压措施提供依据,我们对不同工种职业人群的血压情况进行了专题调查: 材料与方法 一、对象:按系统抽样和整群抽样相结合的抽样方法。选择我市直属13家厂矿18周岁以上的、不同工种的1384名工人作为调查对象,其中男性702人,平均年龄35.67岁;女性为682人,平均年龄为34.35岁。详细记录其工种、年龄、工龄、吸烟、饮酒等一般情况,工     

养护血管的膳食——心脑血管病人的饮食原则

冠心病、高血压、心脑血管疾病已经成为城市中老年人致死致残的重要杀手，故养护心脑血管就显得尤为重要。[编者按]     

中国人群膳食营养素与高血压相关性研究

目的:利用大样本数据探讨中国人群高血压与膳食营养素的关系。方法:数据来源于2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查,选择15岁以上人群44388例(男21087,女23301)。结果:膳食因素中,钠与高血压呈现显著的正相关,而视黄醇、维生素A、维生素C、硒与高血压呈现显著的负相关。蛋白质与高血压呈负相关,其中的动物性蛋白与高血压呈负相关,而植物性蛋白成正相关。膳食钙与高血压呈现弱的负相关(P=0.0626),分为乳制品来源和非乳制品来源后,乳制品来源的钙与高血压呈现显著负相关,而非乳制品来源的钙与高血压没有相关性。结论:应该在人群中大力开展健康教育,提倡人们选择健康的生活方式,从而预防高血压以及相关的心血管疾病的发生。     

矿区人群血压正常者与高血压患者饮食现状调查与分析

目的了解矿区人群中血压正常者和高血压患者饮食现状,为开展该人群膳食干预提供依据。方法进行问卷调查,对血压正常者和高血压患者的饮食差异进行统计学处理。结果血压正常者和高血压患者在鱼类、水果、肥肉及动物内脏和盐摄入量上均存在显著性差异;不爱吃鱼类、水果,多吃肥肉和动物内脏,高盐饮食均为高血压患病重要危险因素。结论该人群存在明显的膳食不合理现象,要针对以上各患病危险因素,积极开展膳食干预和慢病健康教育活动。     

Relation between diet composition and coronary heart disease risk factors.

STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to evaluate dietary intakes and their correlation to some risk factors for coronary heart disease. DESIGN--The study was a population based survey with random sample selection stratified by age and sex. PARTICIPANTS--352 adults living in a small town in Northern Italy took part in the study. Response rate was 46% among females and 48% among males. Refusal to take part was mainly due to the large number of tests involved. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--Diets were high in protein (animal/vegetable ratio 1.7 in women and 1.4 in men) and in fat and low in carbohydrates. The hypercholesterolaemic and atherogenic potential of the diet, evaluated by the cholesterol/saturated fat index, was high in about 50% of the population. The thiamin and riboflavin intakes were lower than the Italian recommended allowances in more than 60% of the people tested, whereas the vitamin A intake was more than adequate in about 70%. A positive association was found in the younger groups (men and women 20-39 years old) between some nutrient components (energy, alcohol, total and saturated fats) and some blood lipids. In the older people blood lipids were correlated with body mass index. CONCLUSIONS--The overall data indicate that a correlation exists between dietary intake and some risk factors for coronary heart disease; dietary intervention, at least in young adults, is suggested.     

自然人群中高血压危险因素研究

目的：调查研究扬州市自然人群中高血压患病情况及危险因素,方法：采用流行病学调查方法,对调查变量进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果：15－74岁人群高血压患病率为19．78％（男性22．92％,女性17．69％）,标化患病率为16．15％（男性18．70％,女性14．65％）,单因素分析显示与高血压患病显著相关的危险因素有：性别,年龄,职业,文化程度,饮酒,吸烟,吃肉类型,蛋摄入量,婚姻状况,绝经,睡眠质量,友邻谈心,血糖值,体重指数,腰／臂围比,家族史（高血压病,糖尿病,脑血管病,肥胖）,多因素Logistic回归分析显示,影响高血压患病的独立危险因素有：性别,年龄,职业,文化程度,饮酒,鸡蛋摄入量,婚姻状况,高血压病家族史,脑血管病家族史,体重指数,腰／臂比,血糖值。结论：高血压病是多因素综合作用所致,高血压病重点防治人群是35岁以上,有高血压病和脑血管病家族史,超重肥胖,离婚丧偶,吸烟,高脂高胆固醇摄入,血糖浓度高的人群。     

Nurse-led intervention increases smoking cessation among people with coronary heart disease

QuestionWhat is the effect of a nurse-led intervention on smoking cessation in people admitted to hospital for coronary heart disease?Study designRandomised controlled trial.Main resultsThe nurse-led smoking cessation intervention increased smoking cessation rates at 12 months (AR for quitting: 50% (57/114) with intervention v 37% (4/119) with control; absolute risk reduction 13%, 95% CI 0% to 26%; NNT 8, 95% CI 4 to 250; conservative intention to treat analysis).Authors’ conclusionsA nurse-led smoking cessation program was effective in people who had been admitted to hospital for coronary heart disease. The extended duration of the intervention may have been an important factor.     

广西壮族自治区40岁以上人群冠心病事件发病影响因素的队列研究

目的探讨影响广西壮族自治区40岁以上人群冠心病事件发病的影响因素。方法在1991年全国高血压调查的基础上,对广西壮族自治区〉40岁以上11818人进行了随访调查,取得其冠心病发病资料。结果冠心病事件的发生与收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、脉压、吸烟、体重指数（BMI）和有无心肌梗死（心梗）史有关。Cox回归分析表明,有心梗史者较无心梗史者发生冠心病事件的相对危险度（RR）大21倍（95％CI：9．06～48．44）;脉压每增高10mmHg（1mmHg=0．133kPa）,冠心病事件发生的RR为1．29倍（95％CI：1．11～1．49）,大于DBP的118倍（95％CI：1．02～1．22）、SBP的1．13倍（95％CI：105～1．28）;吸烟者比不吸烟者的冠心病事件的RR增加1．23倍（95％CI：1．05～1．45）;每增加1的BMI,冠心病事件的RR增加1．03倍（95％CI：1．01～1．05）。结论有心梗史者、高血压、吸烟、高BMI是冠心病发病的危险因素。     

合肥市知识分子人群冠心病患病及危险因素分析

目的分析安徽省合肥市知识分子人群冠心病(CHD)的患病情况及主要危险因素,为冠心病防治提供依据。方法采用整群抽样方法,对合肥市4726名35岁以上知识分子进行冠心病患病情况调查。比较不同年龄、性别的冠心病患病率,同时进行相关危险因素Logistic回归分析。结果调查对象中共检出冠心病患者265例,患病率为5.6%;其中男性为5.1%,女性为6.9%,女性高于男性(χ²=6.126,P<0.05);男女性患病率均随年龄增长呈增加趋势,男性χ²=149.056,P<0.001;女性χ²=111.099,P<0.001)。多因素分析显示,冠心病的主要危险因素为年龄(OR=3.627,95%CI=2.905~4.529,P=0.000)、性别(OR=0.692,95%CI=0.501~0.955,P=0.025)、冠心病家族史(OR=2.347,95%CI=1.656~3.327,P=0.000)、高血压(OR=1.537,95%CI=1.144~2.064,P=0.004)、腰臀比(OR=1.463,95%CI=1.091~1.961,P=0.011)、食盐摄入(OR=1.236,95%CI=1.009~1.516,P=0.041)。结论合肥市知识分子人群冠心病患病率较高,应作为冠心病高危人群进行干预预防。     

Risk factors for coronary heart disease among firefighters in Cincinnati

Since 1984, coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, factors have been prospectively assessed among Cincinnuti, firefighters, free of CHD at study entry. In total, 806 firemen with a mean age of 37 years at entry have been, followed for 6.4 years on average, contributing 5,173 person-years. CHD risk, factors were measured every 1-4 years and included weight, blood pressure, cigarette use, fasting glucose, and lipid profile. When, in aggregate, these CHD risk, factors were, found to be in a high risk range, suggestions were made serially to reduce CHD risk. A composite high CHD risk factor score led to an exercise electrocardiogram (ECG) with thallium scan, which was repeated every 1-4 yeurs. Myocardial infarction (MI) occurred in 7 men, with 1.35 Mis/1,000 mean-years; 15 others developed CHD, with 4.25 MI + CHD/1,000 mean-years. The firefighters' MI event rate (1.35 MIS/1,000 man-years) was lower (but not significantly, p > 0.1) than that for employed 30- to 39-year-old men free of CHD at entry (2.07/1,000 man years), who had an average follow-up of 5.4 years in the NHANES I study. At study entry, the 22 men who later developed CHD (vs. the 784 who did not develop CHD) were older (p=.0001), smoked more (p=.001), and were more likely to have first degree relatives with CHD before age 60 (p=.017). After covariance adjusting for age, race, and Quetelet index, men with CHD (vs. those CHD free) had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures (p=.0001,.0001), higher LDL cholesterol (p=.04), higher total cholesterol (p=.014), and higher triglycerides (p=.03). By Poisson regression, significant independent predictors of CHD events were age (p=.0007), cigarette smoking (p=.001), diastolic blood pressure (p=.056), and family history of CHD at ave ≤60 (p=.048). Men who later developmed CHD and those without CHD did not differ by histroy of smoke inhalation (p > 0.3). The calculated ratio of savings to cost attributable to the program per year was 5.9/1 ($258.500/$43,600). In the current study, firefighting as an occupation was not associated with increased CHD event rates. CHD events that did develop were, for the most part, associated with modifiable CHD risk factors.