蛙坐有神经干动作电动微机处理的应用

克服记录蛙坐骨神经干动作电位的以器图像不稳，图像参数测量精确度不高和记录困难等缺点。方法用微机作为蛙坐骨神经中动作电位的处理设备的功能。结果处理后的动作电位图像清晰稳定，动作电位的潜伏期和里程的测量均可精确到μｓ，波幅的测量精确到μＶ，结论微机是神经干动作电位的有效精确的处理设备，值得在生理实验中推广应用。     

牵拉损伤对蛙坐骨神经干动作电位影响的定量研究

目的：探讨牵拉损伤对蛙坐骨神经干动作电位的影响。方法：建立一种简便、可量化的神经牵拉损伤模型,将60只牛蛙的120根坐骨神经随机分为12组,每组10根,区分左右坐骨神经。对照组不牵拉,实验组分别以0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.8、1.2、1.6、2.0、2.4、2.8、3.2 N的拉力牵拉后测量坐骨神经的动作电位幅度、绝对不应期、传导速度和刺激阈值,比较不同牵拉程度对蛙坐骨神经动作电位的影响。结果：蛙坐骨神经干在2.8 N以下的牵拉力作用下可保持形态完整,3.2 N牵拉力则可使神经干发生断裂。随着牵拉力的增大,坐骨神经动作电位幅度及传导速度逐渐减少（P值均<0.05）,2.4、2.8 N处理组的绝对不应期延长（P值均<0.05）。除了2.8 N处理组,其他组动作电位的刺激阈值与对照组相比差异无统计学意义（P值均>0.05）。结论：蛙坐骨神经干动作电位的传导速度对牵拉损伤最敏感,而刺激阈值和绝对不应期对牵拉损伤的耐受程度较高。     

石菖蒲对蟾蜍坐骨神经的阻滞作用

目的探讨石菖蒲对神经干动作电位的影响。方法本实验对离体蟾蜍坐骨神经干进行石菖蒲处理，测其复合动作电位的大小。结果石菖蒲对神经干复合动作电位有显著的影响。结论石菖蒲可以阻滞坐骨神经传导。     

大鼠和狗坐骨神经干复合动作电位的引导

以大鼠，狗作为实验对象，采用细胞外引导方法，分别观察了大鼠，狗坐骨神经干复合动作电位的形态，潜伏期，幅度以及传导速度，并以蟾蜍坐骨神经干复合动作电位为对照，结果显示坐骨神经干复合动作电位在形态上与蟾蜍坐骨神经干动作电位类似，但其潜伏期明显短于蟾蜍，动作电位的幅度高于蟾蜍，传导速度也比蟾蜍快，结果提示大鼠和狗坐骨神经干复合动作电位可作为教学和科研及药理学实验研究模型。     

局部兴奋空间性总和的电生理研究

在蛙的坐骨神经干上相距1mm放置两对刺激电极,分别给予阈下强度的刺激,神经干产生局部兴奋而不产生双向动作电位。如果以同样强度的阈下刺激同时刺激神经干,由于空间性总和作用神经干上产生双相动作电位。     

Medlab在神经干动作电位及传导速度测定实验中的应用

目的探讨Medleb信号处理系统在神经干动作电位及传导速度测定实验中的应用优势。方法用Medleb信号处理系统测定6只蟾蜍坐骨神经干动作电位的阈刺激(Vth)、最大刺激(Vmax)、双相动作电位第一相幅度(AB1P)、单相动作电位幅度(Amap)、双相动作电位第二相幅度(AB2P)、双相动作电位第一相时程(DBlP)、双相动作电位第二相时程(DB2P)、传导速度(V)。结果蟾蜍坐骨神经的Vth均值为0．58V，Vmax均值为1．48V，V均值为36．85m／s。末梢端神经干动作电位幅度、时程均小于中枢端，1％普鲁卡因处理神经干，神经冲动传导被阻断。结论利用Medlab信号处理系统测定蟾蜍坐骨神经干动作电位方法简便，结果可靠，值得在相关实验室推广使用。     

蛙坐骨神经动作电位的微机处理方法─Ⅰ

利用微电脑技术，处理蛙坐骨神经动作电位的方法及局部麻醉药对神经动物电位的影响。实验结果表明在刺激电极与引导电极间滴加普鲁卡因后３～５０ｍｉｎ，动作电位明显受到阻断，６０ｍｉｎ后恢复至对照水平。     

生理信息微机处理的应用研究

目的用微机作为生理信息的处理设备。方法３８６型微机系统（主机、Ａ／Ｄ卡、显示器和打印机）作为生理信息处理的硬件，处理软件的主菜单包括六个功能选择项，可记录不同类型的生理信息。用该方法记录了豚鼠的微音器电位、听神经复合动作电位和人的脑干听觉诱发电位，以检验其可靠性。结果用微机记录出清晰的豚鼠的微音器电位，听神经复合动作电位和人脑干听觉诱发电位的波形，测得人脑干听觉诱发电位Ⅰ－Ｖ波潜伏期分别是１．７９１±０．０９１；２．９３１±０．１４８；３．８７９±０．１５５；５．０９３±０．１７９；５．７２３±０．１４２；Ⅰ－Ⅲ，Ⅲ－Ⅴ，Ⅰ－Ｖ波间期的值分别是２．０８８±０．１４２；１．８４４±０．１５２；３．９３２±０．１８２（ｘ±ｓ，单位ｍｓ）。记录的和测量的波形数据与文献报告一致。结论用微机对生理信息进行采集和处理，所测结果精确、有效，值得在生理学实验中推广应用。     

刺激参数对蟾蜍坐骨神经干动作电位的影响

目的研究电刺激参数如强度、频率和波宽对坐骨神经干动作电位的影响。方法制备蟾蜍坐骨神经干标本，用不同的电刺激参数刺激坐骨神经干。结果在一定范围内随着刺激强度、频率和波宽的改变，坐骨神经干双相动作电位的幅度、主峰的延时和波形均发生相应的变化。结论用电刺激强度为2V、频率为100Hz、波宽≤1ms、极性为正极的隔离电信号刺激时，所得到的坐骨神经干双相动作电位的波形较稳定和标准。     

补阳还五汤对大鼠坐骨神经损伤的修复作用

目的 :研究补阳还五汤(BYHWD)对大鼠坐骨神经夹伤损伤的修复作用。方法 :SD雄性大鼠50只,随机分为BYHWD高、中、低剂量组(剂量分别为25.92、12.96、6.48 g生药/kg)、弥可保组(剂量为625μg/kg)、生理盐水阴性对照组。行大鼠坐骨神经夹伤5 mm术,术后每日灌胃给药,持续4周。于术后1、2、3、4周行足迹实验,测定展趾功能,术后4周行电生理检测,测定复合肌动作电位和神经干动作电位,组织形态学分析,运用光镜和电镜组织学方法对手术侧再生神经进行形态学和免疫组织化学检测,利用图像分析系统进行计量分析,观察BYHWD对大鼠坐骨神经损伤的修复作用。结果 :与生理盐水对照组相比,BYHWD组展趾功能、复合肌动作电位和神经干动作电位波幅及恢复率、板层数显著高于生理盐水组。结论 :BYHWD可促进大鼠坐骨神经夹伤后神经功能的恢复,且存在剂量-效应关系。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.