雌激素水平与缺血性脑卒中神经功能缺损的关系

目的探讨雌激素与脑梗死患者神经功能缺损之间的相关性,以及雌激素对脑梗死患者神经功能缺损恢复过程中的治疗作用。方法病例来源于本院脑血管科与老年科住院患者,血液标本采集于患者入院后3d内,测定雌激素水平。对照组为健康人群。结果脑梗死患者雌激素水平较对照组明显降低,两者比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。神经功能缺损程度评分与雌激素呈负相关。结论脑梗死患者的雌激素明显降底,雌激素水平越低,神经功能缺损程度越重。提示雌激素在脑梗死神经功能缺损的程度有重要作用。     

急性缺血性脑卒中血浆同型半胱氨酸水平与早期神经功能恶化的相关性研究

目的探讨血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平和急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)患者早期神经功能恶化(END)发生的关系。方法回顾性分析了经头颅MRI确诊的228例AIS患者临床资料。入院7 d内依据美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)对AIS患者神经功能缺损情况进行多次评估,任意1次NIHSS总分增加≥2分或运动功能评分增加≥1分定义为END,并将全部AIS患者分成非END组和END组。通过比较两组间各变量差异和构建Logistics回归模型,研究血浆Hcy水平和END的相关性。结果 TOAST脑卒中分型在血浆Hcy水平正常组和高Hcy血症组之间分布差异显著,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与血浆Hcy水平正常组相比,高Hcy血症组大动脉粥样硬化型脑卒中患者比例相对增多,而小动脉闭塞型脑卒中患者比例相对减少。与非END组相比,END组血浆Hcy水平显著升高;NIHSS评分显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归结果显示高水平的血浆Hcy是AIS患者发生END的独立危险因素。结论血浆Hcy水平升高是AIS发生END的独立危险因素,具有一定的预测价值。     

高危小卒中/短暂性脑缺血发作患者血压变异性与早期神经功能恶化的相关性

目的探讨高危小卒中/TIA患者血压变异性（BPV）与早期神经功能恶化（END）的相关性。 方法连续前瞻性选择2017年5月至2019年5月期间在扬州大学附属医院神经内科住院治疗的急性高危小卒中/TIA患者。根据住院72 h内美国国立卫生院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分的动态变化,将患者分为END组和非END组。对2组患者各项BPV参数进行分析和比较,主要包括收缩压（SBP）和舒张压（DBP）的平均值（mean）、最大值（max）、极差（max-min）、标准差（SD）、变异系数（CV）。探讨不同BPV参数与高危小卒中/TIA患者早期END的关系。 结果共纳入符合入组/排除标准的患者102例,男性58例,女性44例,平均年龄（62.87±12.00岁）。住院72 h内,有27（26.5%）例患者发生END。单因素分析表明,END组患者和非END组患者间年龄、性别、白细胞、C反应蛋白、SBP_max-min、SBP_SD、SBP_CV、DBP_max-min、DBP_SD、DBP_CV的差异均具有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。校正单因素分析中P<0.1的变量（包括年龄、性别、白细胞、C反应蛋白）,Logistics回归分析表明,血压变异指标中的SBP_max-min［1.026（1.002~1.050）］,SBP_SD［1.124（1.006~1.256）］,SBP_CV［1.277（1.068~1.526）］,DBP_max-min［1.084（1.021~1.151）］,DBP_SD［1.560（1.166~2.088）］,DBP_CV［1.439（1.154~1.793）］是高危小卒中/TIA患者入院72 h内发生END的独立危险因素。 结论较高的血压变异性可能会增加高危小卒中/TIA患者END的发生风险。     

CTA示大脑内静脉不对称与急性前循环缺血性脑卒中患者功能康复的关系

【目的】探讨CT血管造影（CTA）时大脑内静脉（ICV）不对称显影与急性缺血性脑卒中（AIS）患者功能康复情况的关系。【方法】回顾性分析98例AIS并行静脉组织纤维蛋白溶酶原激活物（tPA）溶栓治疗患者的临床资料。患者tPA溶栓3个月后采用改良Rankin量表进行评分,按得分高低分为康复较好组和康复较差组,对比两组患者的年龄、性别、吸烟、高血压、糖尿病等与血管疾病相关的危险因素,以及两组NIHSS评分和溶栓后的CTA影像资料是否有统计学差异,并采用多因素分析其中的独立危险因素。比较CTA影像、NIHSS评分及CTA＋NIHSS评分对患者康复情况评估的特异性、敏感性。【结果】康复较差组患者的平均年龄高于康复较好组、溶栓前NIHSs评分更高、卒中发作24h后NIHSS评分变化更小、溶栓后d2双侧ICV不对称例数更多,差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。tPA治疗前高NIHSS评分（P=0．041）、24h内NIHSS评分变化,J、（P=0．027）及d2双侧ICV不对称比例多（P=0．031）是预示溶栓后康复较差的独立危险因素。CTA评估的敏感性为83％,高于NIHSS的72％;NIHSS评分的特异性为79％,高于CTA的75％;CTA联合NIHSS评估的特异性和敏感性分别为87％和92％,较单独采用CTA或NIHSS评估的特异性敏感性更高,但差异均没有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。【结论】AIS患者溶栓后d2双侧ICV不对称较多可以作为预测AIS患者溶栓治疗康复较差的指标,且CTA影像结合NIHSS评分进一步提高了患者康复情况预测的准确度。     

血清Netrin-1和NSE对急性缺血性脑卒中早期神经功能恶化及预后的预测价值

目的研究血清神经突起生长导向因子-1（Netrin-1）和神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）对急性缺血性脑卒中早期神经功能恶化以及预后的预测价值。 方法回顾性收集2018年8月至2020年12月泰州市人民医院诊治的190例急性缺血性脑卒中患者资料,根据早期神经功能恶化情况分为恶化组（32例）和未恶化组（158例）,采用单因素分析和最优尺度回归分析探究早期神经功能恶化的影响因素,采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评价各指标对急性缺血性脑卒中患者早期神经功能恶化的预测价值。根据患者预后情况分为死亡组（24例）和存活组（166例）,比较不同预后患者的NIHSS评分、Netrin-1及NSE水平,采用COX回归模型分析急性缺血性脑卒中患者预后的影响因素。 结果恶化组与未恶化组患者糖尿病、高血压、卒中史、收缩压、舒张压、NIHSS评分、Netrin-1、NSE水平差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。最优尺度回归分析显示,糖尿病、高血压、年龄、舒张压、NIHSS评分、Netrin-1、NSE是影响急性缺血性脑卒中早期神经功能恶化的危险因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线显示,NIHSS评分、Netrin-1及NSE预测早期神经功能恶化的AUC值分别为0.978、0.993、0.989。存活组和死亡组患者NIHSS评分、Netrin-1及NSE水平异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。COX回归分析显示,NSE、年龄是急性缺血性脑卒中预后的影响因素（P＜0.05）。 结论Netrin-1浓度和NSE是反映急性缺血性脑卒中早期神经功能恶化及预后的有效指标,具有较高的诊断效能。     

早期强化康复治疗对脑卒中患者神经功能缺损及ADL的影响

目的 :对比研究不同强度康复治疗对脑卒中患者发病早期的神经功能缺损及日常生活活动能力的影响。方法 :134例发病早期脑卒中患者被随机分成强化治疗组 (试验组 )及一般康复治疗组 (对照组 )。试验组采用Bobath及PNF疗法 ,2次 /日 ,40min/次 ;对照组采用Bobath疗法 ,3次 /周 ,40min/次 ,持续治疗 2周。采用脑卒中患者临床神经功能缺损程度评分标准及Barthel指数 (BI)对所有受试者进行治疗前后评定。结果 :所有受试者治疗后的神经功能缺损积分减少及BI积分增加 ,与治疗前相比差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。试验组治疗后的神经功能缺损积分减少及BI积分增加 ,与对照组相比差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :脑卒中患者早期强化康复治疗与一般康复治疗相比 ,前者在降低神经功能缺损积分及增加BI积分上效果更好。     

Erythropoietin improves long-term neurological outcome in acute ischemic stroke patients: a randomized,prospective, placebo-controlled clinical trial

IntroductionMortality and disability following ischemic stroke (IS) remains unacceptably high with respect to the conventional therapies. This study tested the effect of erythropoietin (EPO) on long-term neurological outcome in patients after acute IS. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of two consecutive doses of EPO (5,000 IU/dose, subcutaneously administered at 48 hours and 72 hours after acute IS) on improving the 90-day combined endpoint of recurrent stroke or death that has been previously reported. A secondary objective was to evaluate the long-term (that is, five years) outcome of patients who received EPO.MethodsThis was a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial that was conducted between October 2008 and March 2010 in a tertiary referral center. IS stroke patients who were eligible for EPO therapy were enrolled into the study.ResultsThe results showed that long-term recurrent stroke and mortality did not differ between group 1 (placebo-control; n = 71) and group 2 (EPO-treated; n = 71).Long-term Barthel index of <35 (defining a severe neurological deficit) was lower in group 2 than group 1 (P = 0.007). Multiple-stepwise logistic-regression analysis showed that EPO therapy was significantly and independently predictive of freedom from a Barthel index of <35 (P = 0.029). Long-term major adverse neurological event (MANE; defined as: death, recurrent stroke, or long-term Barthel index < 35) was lower in group 2 than group 1 (P = 0.04). Log-Rank test showed that MANE-free rate was higher in group 2 than group 1 (P = 0.031). Multiple-stepwise Cox-regression analysis showed that EPO therapy and higher Barthel Index at day 90 were independently predictive of freedom from long-term MANE (all P <0.04).ConclusionEPO therapy significantly improved long-term neurological outcomes in patients after IS.

Trial registration

ISRCTN71371114. Registered 10 October 2008.     

中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值和平均血小板体积对急性脑梗死早期神经功能恶化的预测价值

目的 探讨入院时中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)和平均血小板体积(MPV)对急性脑梗死患者早期神经功能恶化(END)的预测价值.方法 回顾性分析172例急性脑梗死患者的临床资料,根据是否发生END将患者分为END组和非END组.分析2组患者的基线资料,应用Spearman相关性分析法分析NLR、MPV与血管负荷的相关...     

血清炎症因子在急性缺血性脑卒中后感染患者中的变化

目的探讨血清炎症因子及美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)对急性缺血性脑卒中后感染早期诊断的临床价值。方法招募46例急性缺血性脑卒中发生后6 h内入院且无明显感染的患者为研究对象,其中19例患者入院后1周内发生明显的感染纳入感染组,27例未发生感染者纳入无感染组,收集患者入院后6 h、12 h、24 h、3 d和7 d的血液标本测定脂多糖结合蛋白(LBP)、白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-10和C反应蛋白(CRP)水平,并观察NIHSS评分的变化。结果LBP、IL-6、IL-10和CRP在感染组与无感染组具有明显不同。Logistic回归分析显示入院后6 h时NIHSS、LBP和CRP水平为是否发生感染的独立预测因子(P=0.014、0.041、0.002)。受试者工作特征曲线分析显示,入院后6 h NIHSS的AUC为0.97(P<0.0001),LBP的AUC为0.71(P=0.02),CRP的AUC为0.96(P<0.0001)。结论血清炎症因子水平与NIHSS评分可用于急性缺血性脑卒中后感染的早期监测指标。     

超敏cTnT与血栓-炎症因子的相关性及其对急性缺血性脑卒中神经功能结局的预测价值

目的 探讨急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清超敏心肌肌钙蛋白T（hs-cTnT）与血栓-炎症因子的相关性,以及发病后6 h的hs-cTnT在预测神经功能结局中的价值。方法 选择106例首发急性缺血性脑卒中患者,分别于患者发病后6 h内和72 h检测血清hs-cTnT、S100B蛋白、hs-CRP、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）、血栓-炎症因子[包括组织型纤溶酶原激活物（t-PA）、可溶性CD40配体（sCD40L）和P-选择素]水平,并于入院时和发病后90 d,采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分联合改良Rankin量表（mRS）评分对患者神经功能进行评估。根据患者发病后90 d的神经功能结局分为预后不良组和预后良好组,比较2组患者的各项指标,分析hs-cTnT与血栓-炎症因子的相关性,以及其对神经功能结局的预测价值。结果 纳入预后不良组62例,预后良好组44例。发病后6 h内,预后不良组血清hs-cTnT、hs-CRP、MCP-1、t-PA、sCD40L水平均高于预后良好组（P均< 0.05）。发病后72 h,预后不良组血清hs-cTnT、S100B、hs-CRP、sCD40L水平均低于预后良好组（P均< 0.05）。发病后6 h内和发病后72 h,血清hs-cTnT水平与发病后72 h的hs-CRP水平呈正相关（r = 0.585,P < 0.001;r = 0.599,P < 0.001）,与发病后6 h内t-PA水平呈正相关（r = 0.551,P = 0.001;r = 0.547,P = 0.002）,与发病后6 h内的MCP-1 水平呈正相关（r = 0.475,P = 0.014;r = 0.462,P = 0.015）。基线NIHSS 评分 ≥8分（OR = 2.656, 95% CI 1.009 ~ 6.995,P = 0.048）、发病后6 h内hs-cTnT（OR = 6.050,95% CI 2.352 ~ 15.560,P < 0.001）、 hs-CRP（OR = 7.294,95% CI 3.285 ~ 16.195,P < 0.001）、 MCP-1（OR = 1.349,95% CI 1.002 ~ 1.818,P = 0.049）、t-PA （OR = 1.007,95% CI 1.001 ~ 2.446,P = 0.004）是神经功能预后不良的危险因素。结论 急性缺血性脑卒中发病后6 h内的hs-cTnT升高是神经功能预后不良的预测因子,并且还与hs-CRP、t-PA和MCP-1的急性升高有关。     

Early neurological deterioration in acute stroke: clinical characteristics and impact on outcome

BACKGROUND: A significant proportion of acute stroke patients suffer neurological deterioration during the first few days of recovery. AIM: To explore the frequency, clinical characteristics, and consequences of early neurological deterioration during the acute recovery period. METHODS: We assessed all consecutive patients admitted to a University hospital with suspected stroke. We recorded the following on admission: baseline characteristics, physiological parameters and laboratory results. On day 5 we recorded occurrence of complications, and functional outcome. Early neurological deterioration was defined as an increase in National Institute of Health Stroke Score (NIHSS) by two or more points (or stroke-related death) between admission and day 5. RESULTS: We recruited 188 stroke patients, of whom 36 (19%) suffered early neurological deterioration. Patients with early neurological deterioration were significantly more likely to: (i) arrive at the hospital earlier (median 2.25 vs. 7.2 h, p = 0.015); (ii) have a history of atrial fibrillation (33% vs. 16%, p = 0.039); (iii) be current non-smokers (24% vs. 11%, p = 0.041); (iv) have a severe stroke-more total anterior circulation strokes (67% vs. 26%, p < 0.001) and worse NIHSS and GCS scores; (v) have intracerebral haemorrhage (22% vs. 7%, p = 0.011); (vi) have higher serum urea (mean 7.8 vs. 6.5 mmol/l, p = 0.035) and leukocyte count (mean 12.6 vs. 9.7 x 10(9)/l, p = 0.044); and (vi) die in hospital (44% vs. 10%, OR 12.8, 95%CI 3.8-43.1, p < 0.001). DISCUSSION: Early neurological deterioration is a frequent and important complication in acute stroke, with a poor short-term prognosis. Effective treatment strategies are urgently needed to reduce its occurrence and impact on recovery.     

Predictors of early clinical deterioration after acute ischemic stroke

The measurements for predicting early deterioration of stroke patients is controversial. We studied laboratory measurements and previously identified risk factors to identify factors or predictors of early deterioration after stroke. A prospective observational study of 196 patients with first-time acute ischemic stroke was performed. Demographic data, patient histories, laboratory measurements, and initial stroke severity assessments were recorded. Patients with early deterioration in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores (increase ≥3 points within 3 days) were defined as having stroke-in-evolution (SIE). Thirty patients were diagnosed with SIE. An initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of 12 or higher, a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 12 or lower, d-dimers more than 1000, or blood urea nitrogen/creatinine (BUN/Cr) ratio higher than 15 were more frequent in SIE patients. After multivariate analysis, only a BUN/Cr higher than 15 was independent predictor of SIE. These patients were 3.41-fold more likely to have SIE (P = .008). These findings suggest that BUN/Cr may be a novel predictor of SIE, potentially useful in emergency departments.     

神经介入联合局部使用地塞米松对急性缺血性脑卒中患者预后的影响

目的探讨神经介入联合局部使用地塞米松治疗急性缺血性脑卒中（AIS）的疗效及安全性。方法入选60例AIS患者随机分为地塞米松组（A组）、生理盐水组（B组）及单纯介入组（C组）,每组各20例。比较3组术后神经功能评分、脑组织相对表观弥散系数、内分泌及并发症例数等。结果A组术后1月神经功能评分明显低于B及C组（P<0.05）;A组术后第3天脑组织相对表观弥散系数明显高于B及C组,而术后1月最终脑体积明显低于B及C组;术后第1天3组间血清皮质醇含量均无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组间术后并发症例数构成均无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论神经介入联合局部使用地塞米松治疗可减轻AIS患者脑水肿并降低脑梗死体积,且不影响神经内分泌、不增加患者发生并发症风险,有助于改善AIS患者的预后。     

The role of cytokines in ischemic stroke

The subjects of the study were patients with acute ischemic stroke (IS), patients with residual effects of IS, their healthy relatives in families with IS background, and healthy controls; blood levels of cytokines in these groups were compared. This included measurement of levels of tumor necrosis factor a, interleukins (IL-beta, IL-6), and chemokins (monocyte chemotoxic factor-1 and cytokine-inducible neutrophile chemoattractant.) The study presents experimental evidence of involvement of cytokines in molecular pathological mechanisms of generation and development of inflammatory immune response in patients with IS. The results show that therapeutic correction directed towards modulation of inflammatory immune response at the level of cytokine expression, is a necessary part of prevention and treatment of stroke, as well as successful rehabilitation of stroke patients.     

规范三级康复治疗对缺血性脑卒中患者神经功能缺损程度和ADL的影响

目的：探讨规范三级康复治疗对缺血性脑卒中患者神经功能缺损程度和日常生活活动能力的影响。方法：164例缺血性脑卒中患者随机分为康复组和对照组，分别在入组时和发病后1个月、3个月、6个月评价患者临床神经功能缺损程度和改良Barthel指数，并进行统计学分析。结果：康复组在人组时神经功能缺损程度和改良Barthel指数与对照组比较，差异均无统计学意义。在人组时和发病后1个月、3个月、6个月时．对照组的神经功能缺损程度评分逐渐降低，但只有1个月与人组时、3个月与1个月时比较的差异有统计学意义。康复组在发病后1个月、3个月和6个月时均比对照组显著下降，而且在各次评定之间比较的差异均有统计学意义。在入组时和发病后1个月、3个月、6个月时，对照组改良Barthel指数评分逐步增高，但只有在1个月与入组时、3个月与1个月时比较的差异有统计学意义，康复组增加幅度显著高于对照组，且各次评定之间比较的差异均有统计学意义。结论：规范的三级康复治疗对降低缺血性脑卒中患者神经功能缺损程度、提高日常生活自理能力具有重要作用。     

Prior use of antithrombotic agents and neurological functional outcome at discharge in patients with ischemic stroke

Summary.  Background:  Studies in experimental animals have suggested that antithrombotic agents may have a neuroprotective effect after an ischemic injury. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of prior use of antithrombotic agents (antiplatelets or anticoagulants) on neurological functional outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Subjects and methods:  Consecutive patients included in the Perugia Stroke Registry were considered for this analysis. Neurological functional outcome was evaluated at discharge using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS ≥ 3 disabling stroke). Results:  Of the 1921 patients included in the analysis (mean age 76.3 ± 12.5 years; 53% males), 662 (34.5%) were on antithrombotic treatment (581 antiplatelets, 71 anticoagulants and 10 antiplatelets associated with anticoagulants). One hundred and twenty-two patients (6.4%) died in hospital; at discharge 712 patients (37.1%) were disabled and 1087 patients (56.6%) were non-disabled. Fifty-four (44.3%) of the deceased patients and 270 (37.9%) of disabled patients were on antithrombotic treatment, while 338 (31.1%) non-disabled patients were taking antithrombotic agents. From multivariate analysis, age and stroke severity were associated with an adverse outcome. Male gender, dyslipidemia, stroke due to small vessel disease and no history of previous stroke were associated with an improved outcome, while no correlation was found between prior use of antithrombotic agents and outcome (mortality odds ratio; OR = 1.32, 95% confidence interval; CI 0.85–2.04; P  = 0.20, mortality or disability OR = 0.95, 95% CI 0.72–1.25; P  = 0.80). Conclusion:  Prior use of antithrombotic agents does not improve the functional outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke.     

代谢综合征与急性脑梗死患者预后的关系

目的探讨代谢综合征与急性脑梗死患者预后之间的关系。方法观察自2008年1月至2014年1月691例急性脑梗死患者,按照1995年全国第4届脑血管病学术会议《临床疗效评定标准》进行预后评定,运用多因素回归分析评估代谢综合征与急性脑梗死患者预后之间的关系。结果 691例患者中,277例患者预后较差,代谢综合征与急性脑梗死预后之间联系显著,校正OR值(95%CI)为1.57(1.13~2.19),不良预后与代谢综合征包含的危险因素数量之间关系显著。结论代谢综合征与急性脑梗死不良预后关系显著。     

Early neurological deterioration in acute stroke

Sir, The recent article by Kwan and Hand¹ highlighted the increasinglyrecognized fact that early neurological deterioration (progressingstroke) is a common and important complication in acute stroke,which affects