乳管内乳头状瘤临床X表现与病理对照分析

目的：探讨乳头状瘤Ｘ线平片、导管造影的Ｘ线表现及其与临床、病理的关系。材料与方法：回顾性分析２１例乳管内乳头状瘤的临床特点,乳房Ｘ线平片,导管造影表现及病理改变;并根据病变大小、形态,病变处导管形态及二者的关系,在导管造片上进行Ｘ线分型且与病理改变进行对比。结果：２１例均有单个乳孔溢液,血性１８例,乳晕区触及肿块３例。乳房Ｘ线平片示乳晕下区肿块４例,左乳晕下区扩张导管１例。导管造影：２１例均示导管     

乳腺导管内乳头状瘤的X线诊断

目的：分析乳腺导管内乳头状瘤的X线表现．以提高其诊断准确性。方法：分析32例导管内乳头状瘤的X线平片及导管造影表现．并与病理结果对照。结果：24例X线诊断与病理相符。乳腺钼靶平片：26例无异常发现．6例有异常改变。乳导管造影：14例导管内充盈缺损；10例导管内杯口状堵塞；3例导管扩张；2例管壁不规则狭窄；1例导管分支变细聚拢．远端有一轮廓较清的类圆形块影．2例无异常发现。结论：乳腺导管造影结合平片是诊断导管内乳头状瘤的有效方法，但应注意与导管内癌、导管扩张鉴别。     

乳腺导管内乳头状瘤的X线诊断(附70例报告)

目的　探讨乳腺导管内乳头状瘤的X线特征以提高其诊断水平。方法　回顾性分析经手术病理证实之 70例乳腺导管内乳头状瘤的X线表现。结果　 66例溢液性管内乳头状瘤中 ,2 9例显示圆形充盈缺损 ,7例表现为条状充盈缺损 ,1 7例呈不规则状充盈缺损 ,1 3例出现导管截断 :4例无溢液性管内乳头状瘤均显示结节影。结论　对上述诸多特殊表现的认识 ,在导管内乳头状瘤的正确诊断中具有重要价值     

伴有乳头溢液乳腺癌与导管内乳头状瘤的乳腺导管造影诊断

目的：总结分析伴有乳头溢液乳腺癌以及导管内乳头状瘤的乳腺导管造影X线表现,评价两者的诊断与鉴别诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析经手术和病理证实的23例乳腺癌和36例乳腺导管内乳头状瘤患者的乳腺导管造影检查影像资料。结果：乳腺癌导管造影主要表现为分支导管内不规则的充盈缺损伴导管壁破坏、导管阻塞中断、“潭湖征”等较为典型的征象;导管内乳头状瘤的导管造影主要表现为大导管内光整的充盈缺损,导管壁多无破坏,并伴有导管扩张以及导管扭曲。乳腺瘤与乳头状瘤在充盈缺损、导管壁破坏、导管完全中断、导管扩张以及“潭湖征”等x线征象上差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。乳腺导管造影诊断伴有乳头溢液乳腺癌和乳头状瘤的符合率分别为78．3％和80．1％。结论：不规则的充盈缺损伴导管壁破坏、导管阻塞中断、“潭湖征”等征象及发生部位上乳腺癌和乳腺导管内乳头状瘤两者各有特点,是诊断和鉴别诊断的重点。     

乳腺单发乳头状瘤钼靶X线诊断（附42例报告）

目的：提高对乳腺单发乳头状瘤放射学诊断水平。材料与方法：作者回顾分析了４２例经病理证实的乳腺导管内单发乳头状瘤临床表现，钼靶平片及造影片表现。结果：３７例（８８％）有乳头分泌物。９５％（３５／３７）发生于中央大导管。２４％（１０／４２）平片有异常改变。造影表现：５４％（２０／３７）表现导管内充盈缺损，４１％（１５／３７）表现导管完全阻塞，４３％（１６／３７）有导管轻度扩张。结论：乳头溢液为导管内乳     

乳腺导管乳头状瘤的导管造影表现

目的回顾性分析导管内乳头状瘤的导管造影表现特征,探讨乳腺导管造影检查对导管乳头状瘤的诊断价值。方法40例导管内乳头状瘤患者均行普通钼靶平片及导管造影检查,结合临床资料分析其X线影像表现,并与手术病理结果做对比。结果钼靶平片发现结节1例,1例实性肿块,其余38例正常。行乳腺导管造影后,充盈缺损38例,其中32例为类圆形、杯口样充盈缺损,6例不规则形充盈缺损。38例中,单发肿瘤者32例,多发者6例。2例导管显示正常。28例病灶近端导管扩张。导管造影诊断结果与手术病理结果做比较,准确诊断37例,符合率92.5%(37/40);误诊1例,漏诊2例。结论乳腺导管造影检查对导管内乳头状瘤具有重要的诊断价值,为临床提供了定位、定性的诊断与治疗依据。     

血性乳头溢液的乳腺导管造影诊断

目的 探讨乳腺导管造影在血性溢液性乳腺病中的诊断价值.资料与方法 回顾分析经临床与手术病理证实的25例血性乳头溢液患者乳腺导管造影及钼靶平片的X线表现.结果 导管乳头状瘤1l例,表现为边缘光整的圆形、类圆形充盈缺损;导管内乳头状瘤病2例,表现为末梢导管内多发"斑点"状充盈缺损;导管扩张伴炎症5例,表现为导管扩张、管壁毛糙、模糊;乳腺囊性增生2例,表现为末梢导管呈囊状扩张;乳腺囊肿伴感染1例,表现为对比剂充盈的类圆形高密度影,边缘模糊;导管内癌4例,表现为不规则充盈缺损,导管不规则变形、狭窄、扩张、中断,管壁僵硬.结论 乳腺导管造影能为血性溢液性乳腺病作出明确的病因诊断,为临床治疗方案的制定提供准确的依据.     

乳腺导管良性病变的临床及钼靶X线特征

目的 探讨乳腺导管良性病变的临床及钼靶X线特征.方法 回顾性分析经病理证实的37例乳腺导管良性病变的临床与X线表现.结果单纯溢液14例,溢液伴乳腺肿块4例,仅触及肿块18例,无症状2例.钼靶X线平片征象:①肿块型(19/37);②结构紊乱型(2/37).钼靶X线平片加造影:①导管扩张伴钙化(1/37);②导管内充盈缺损伴肿块(2/37);③导管扩张伴充盈缺损(5/37);④单纯导管内充盈缺损(9/37).结论 钼靶X线检查对乳腺导管内良性病变的诊断具有重要价值.     

60例乳腺导管内乳头状瘤X线分析

目的：探讨乳腺导管内乳头状瘤的 X 线诊断价值。方法：对60例经病理证实的乳腺导管内乳头状瘤的 X 线资料及临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：①X 线片45例无明显阳性表现;②12例乳晕及中央区可见大小不同的结节影,其中3例结节内可出现弧形钙化及粗颗粒样钙化,4例可见增粗的导管影,2例既有结节钙化,也伴有导管增粗;③3例中央区仅见增粗的导管影;④X 线乳导管造影检出率在93％以上,其中34例增粗的大导管末端呈杯口状截断,21例可见导管内圆形或卵圆形及柱状充盈缺损,且4例多发,55例导管呈不同程度的增粗。结论：X 线片对乳腺导管内乳头状瘤的诊断有一定意义,但价值有限;乳导管造影对乳腺导管内乳头状瘤的定位定性诊断准确率高,是临床上诊断导管内乳头状瘤较为可靠的影像学检查方法。     

乳腺导管内乳头状瘤的X线诊断

目的分析乳腺导管内乳头状瘤的X线特征,以提高其诊断准确性。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实80例导管内乳头状瘤的X线表现。结果乳导管造影示:24例显示类圆形充盈缺损,12例呈条柱状缺损,30例导管杯口状堵塞,48例导管显著扩张。结论乳腺导管造影是诊断导管内乳头状瘤的有效方法。     

Solitary breast papilloma: comparison of mammographic, galactographic, and pathologic findings.

OBJECTIVE. Our purpose was to determine the mammographic/galactographic features of solitary breast papillomas and to correlate these features with the pathologic findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Retrospective review of pathology files revealed 72 women in whom breast biopsy reports described a solitary papilloma. All patients with additional pathologic abnormalities were excluded from this study. Patients meeting the pathologic criteria and for whom mammograms, galactograms, or both were available and had been obtained within 6 months before biopsy were included. Twenty-four women met these criteria and form the basis of this study. Presenting clinical signs and symptoms were reviewed. Abnormal mammographic/galactographic findings were correlated with pathologic features. RESULTS. Nipple discharge was present in 21 (88%) of 24 patients, two (8%) of 24 patients had abnormal findings on screening mammography, and one patient had a palpable mass that was visible on mammograms. Eight (42%) of 19 mammograms had abnormal findings, including dilated duct(s) in five cases (26%), nodules in two cases (11%), and microcalcifications in one case (5%). All technically adequate galactograms (13/15) had abnormal findings, with 12 (92%) of 13 showing an intraluminal filling defect. The other technically adequate galactogram (8%) showed only a solitary obstructed duct. Ductal dilatation was greatest at or central to the papilloma on 12 (92%) of 13 galactograms. Imaging features correlated well with the histologic findings. CONCLUSION. Patients with solitary papillomas most commonly have nipple discharge, normal mammographic findings, and a galactographic filling defect. Galactography is useful for localizing papillomas.     

乳腺导管扩张症X线表现

目的：增加对乳腺导管扩张症Ｘ线表现的认识。方法：对２０例２６支乳腺导管扩张症进行Ｘ线表现观察、分析及与临床、病理进行对照。采用美国ＬＯＡＲＤ公司ＭⅢ型乳腺机,所用造影剂为７６％复方泛影葡胺或３００ｍｇＩ／ｍｌ欧乃派克。结果：柱状扩张２４支（９２．３％）,囊状扩张２支（７．７％）;病变累及１～２级导管１０支,１～３或４级导管１１支,２～５级导管３支,末梢导管２支;病变长：１～２．５ｃｍ１１支,３～５ｃｍ１２支,６～９ｃｍ３支,导管扩张的造影表现与病理改变密切相关。结论：乳腺导管造影是诊断乳腺导管扩张症的可靠方法     

溢液性乳腺疾病导管造影X线征象与病理结果分析

目的:分析溢液性乳腺疾病的乳腺导管造影表现及病理基础,以提高其X线诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析216例溢液性乳腺疾病患者的导管造影及病理资料。结果:共有226支导管造影成功。无明显异常呈阴性表现者占7.5%(17/226);肿瘤性疾病占26.5%(60/226),包括导管内乳头状瘤、导管癌,其中以导管内乳头状瘤多见(22.0%);非肿瘤性疾病占59.7%(135/226),包括导管扩张、炎症及乳腺囊性增生,其中以炎症最多见(39.4%,89/226)。结论:乳腺导管造影对溢液性乳腺疾病的诊断与鉴别诊断有重要价值。     

伴乳头溢液乳腺癌的乳腺导管造影表现与病理对照研究

目的:分析伴有乳头溢液乳腺癌的乳腺导管造影表现,并分析其病理基础,以提高诊断水平。方法:临床表现有乳头溢液并经手术、病理证实的乳腺癌23例,回顾性分析其乳腺导管造影的影像表现,并与手术病理结果进行对比分析。结果:23例中原位癌8例,浸润性导管癌10例(包括单纯癌6例、乳头状癌4例),导管癌早期浸润3例,乳头状瘤病恶变2例。病理上诊断早期癌13例(56.5%),其中8例临床未触及乳腺肿块。乳腺导管造影主要表现:导管内充盈缺损并伴有不同程度的导管扩张12例;乳腺肿瘤侵蚀导管形成潭湖征5例;溢液导管受乳腺肿块推挤,导管变形3例;导管持续显影、管壁不规则伴广泛微钙化灶1例。本组中乳腺导管造影诊断乳腺癌的符合率为82.6%。结论:乳腺导管造影对伴有乳头溢液乳腺癌的检出是一项安全、有效的检查方法,能准确观察到肿块与溢液导管的位置关系、溢液导管受侵蚀程度,而且还能检测出临床触诊阴性的早期乳腺癌。     

乳腺导管造影在溢液乳腺疾病诊断中的应用价值(附70例报告)

目的探讨乳腺导管造影在溢液乳腺疾病诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析70例经手术及病理确诊的乳头溢液乳腺病的X线特点,结合临床及病理特征进行鉴别诊断。结果导管内乳头状瘤45例,导管癌5例,导管扩张症17例,导管增生伴炎症3例。结论乳腺导管造影在导管肿瘤良恶性的鉴别及导管炎性疾病的诊断中有极高的应用价值,可为临床提供准确的诊断和治疗依据。     

Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of pathologic nipple discharge: indications and imaging findings

Pathologic nipple discharge (PND) is typically unilateral, spontaneous, involves a single duct, and is serous or bloody in appearance. In patients with PND, breast MRI can be helpful as an additional diagnostic tool when conventional imaging with mammogram and ultrasound are negative. MRI is able to detect the etiology of nipple discharge in 56–61% of cases when initial imaging with mammogram and ultrasound are negative. Advantages to using MRI in evaluation of PND include good visualization of the retroareolar breast and better evaluation of posterior lesions which may not be well evaluated on mammograms and galactograms. It is also less invasive compared to central duct excision. Papillomas and nipple adenomas are benign breast masses that can cause PND and are well visualized on MRI. Ductal ectasia, and infectious etiologies such as mastitis, abscess, and fistulas are additional benign causes of PND that are well evaluated with MRI. MRI is also excellent for evaluation of malignant causes of PND including Paget’s disease, ductal carcinoma in-situ and invasive carcinoma. MRI’s high negative predictive value of 87–98.2% is helpful in excluding malignant etiologies of PND.     

Usefulness of mammography and sonography in women less than 35 years of age

Indications, clinical history, mammographic findings, and clinical outcome were reviewed in 1,016 women younger than 35 years who underwent mammography during an 8-year period. The indications for mammography were a palpable mass in 454 (44.7%), findings at routine screening in 237 (23.3%), lumpiness in 29 (14.9%), unilateral nipple discharge in seven (3.5%), localized breast tenderness in six (5.1%), adenopathy in three (1.9%), diffuse tenderness in two (2.9%), bilateral nipple discharge in two (1.5%), and miscellaneous in four (2.2%). In 405 women (39.9%), at least two-thirds of the breast tissue was radiodense; however, in 299 (29.4%) women the breast was predominantly fatty, allowing for excellent mammograms. Six women had carcinomas: Mammographic findings prompted biopsy in one patient, indicated a benign-appearing mass (found to be solid at sonography or aspiration) in three patients with a palpable mass (contributing to delay in biopsy in two), and were negative in two. Sonography was performed in 389 women and was useful in preventing unnecessary biopsy of cysts but was not useful in differentiating benign from malignant solid masses. Younger women with persistent localized breast symptoms should undergo a tailored mammographic examination, but negative findings or findings of a benign lesion should not preclude biopsy of a palpable solid mass.