HPLC法测定恩普洛胶囊中丙磺舒的含量

目的　测定恩普洛胶囊中丙磺舒的含量。 方法 　高效液相色谱法 ;C8柱 (5μm.4.6× 15 0 mm) ;流动相为水 -乙腈 -1.0 mol· L- 1 磷酸二氢钾溶液 -1.0 mol· L- 1 醋酸溶液 (90 9∶ 690∶ 10∶ 1) ;流速 1.0 ml· min- 1 ;检测波长 2 5 4nm。结果 　丙磺舒在 2 5～ 2 0 0μg· ml- 1 范围内呈良好线性关系 (r=0 .99999) ,重现性良好 ,RSD=0 .1% (n=8) ,平均回收率 10 0 .0 % ,RSD=0 .5 % (n=9)。 结论 　本法操作简便 ,结果准确 ,重现性好     

高效液相色谱法测定利福喷丁胶囊的含量

目的　测定利福喷丁胶囊的含量。 方法 　高效液相色谱法 ,C8柱 (5 μm.4.6× 15 0 mm) ,流动相为甲醇 -乙腈 -0 .0 75 mol·L- 1磷酸二氢钾溶液 -1.0 mol·L- 1柠檬酸溶液 (2 80∶ 2 80∶ 2 60∶ 40 ) ,流速 1.0 ml· min- 1 ,检测波长 2 5 4nm。结果 　利福喷丁在 2 0～ 180 μg·ml- 1范围内呈良好线性关系 (r=0 .99999) ,重现性良好 RSD=0 .3 77% (n=10 ) ,平均回收率 99.7% ,RSD=0 .19(n=5 )。 结论 　本法操作简便 ,结果准确 ,重现性好。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定复方戒烟贴片中尼古丁和可乐定的含量

目的 :建立反相高效液相色谱法检测复方戒烟贴片中尼古丁和可乐定的含量。方法 :用LichrosorbC8柱 ,甲醇 -磷酸盐缓冲液 (0 0 0 2 2mol·L- 1 磷酸二氢钾 - 0 0 16mol·L- 1 磷酸氢二钠溶液 ) (5 2∶48)为流动相 ,检测波长 2 6 8nm。结果 :该方法回收率尼古丁为 95 4% ,RSD为 3 8% (n =5 ) ;可乐定为 98 9% ,RSD为 4 8% (n =5 )。结论 :本法较简便 ,准确可靠 ,可作为复方戒烟贴片的质量控制方法。     

高效液相色谱法测定力克舒中对乙酰氨基酚和咖啡因的含量

目的 :建立力克舒胶囊中对乙酰氨基酚和咖啡因的高效液相色谱测定方法。方法 :采用CLC ODSC18柱 ,甲醇 0 .0 5mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液 三乙胺 (2 0∶80∶0 .2 ,磷酸调 pH3.2 )为流动相 ,检测波长 2 10nm ,流速为 1.0ml·min-1。结果 :对乙酰氨基酚线性范围为 2 4～ 2 40mg·L-1,平均回收率为 99.6 % ,RSD为 0 .8% (n =5 ) ;咖啡因线性范围为 2～ 16mg·L-1,平均回收率为 99.2 % ,RSD为 2 .2 % (n =5 )。结论 :方法简便 ,结果准确 ,可用于本制剂的含量测定和质量控制。     

高效液相色谱法测定进口盐酸多西环素胶囊的含量

目的 　拟订进口盐酸多西环素胶囊含量测定方法。 方法 　色谱柱 :用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂 (p H值适用范围应大于 8) ;流动相 :0 .0 5 mol· L- 1 草酸铵溶液 -二甲基甲酰胺 -0 .2 mol· L- 1 磷酸氢二铵溶液 (65 :3 0 :5 )用氨试液调节 p H值为 8.0 ;柱温 2 5℃ ;检测波长2 80 nm。结果 　对照品溶液在 0 .12 82 mg· m L- 1 ～ 0 .5 13 0 mg· m L- 1 范围内线性良好 ,相关系数 r=0 .9994(n=7) ;平均回收率为 10 2 .4% (n=5 ,RSD为 0 .8% )     

高效液相色谱法测定盐酸西替利嗪胶囊含量及溶出度

目的 :建立盐酸西替利嗪胶囊含量及溶出度测定方法。方法 :用高效液相色谱法测定。选用LichrosorbC1 8柱 ,5 μm ,4 6mm× 2 0 0mm (大连化物所 ) ;流动相 :乙腈 - 0 0 1mol·L- 1 磷酸二氢钠溶液 - 0 0 2mol·L- 1 庚烷磺酸钠溶液 (4 0∶6 0∶10 ) ;流速 :1mL·min- 1 ;检测波长 :2 30nm ,柱温 :室温。结果 :本法简便、灵敏、准确。线性范围 :10～ 2 0 0 μg·mL- 1 。方法回收率为 99 4% ,RSD =1 0 % ,n =5。结论 :建立的定量方法专属性强 ,可克服胶囊壳对测定的干扰 ,可用于盐酸西替利嗪胶囊的质量控制。     

高效液相色谱法测定土霉素及其盐酸盐的含量和有关物质

目的 :采用高效液相色谱法测定土霉素的含量及有关物质。方法 :SGEW5C18-AR柱为分析柱 ,流动相为 0 0 5mol·L-1草酸铵 -二甲基甲酰胺 - 0 2mol·L-1磷酸氢二铵 (75∶2 0∶5 ) ,用氨试液调节pH至 8 0± 0 2 ,柱温 35℃ ,流速 0 8mL·min-1,检测波长 2 80nm ,峰面积外标法。结果 :土霉素在 5～ 90 μg·mL-1范围内呈良好的线性关系 ,r=0 9994,平均回收率为 10 0 1% (n =7) ,RSD =0 87% (n =7)。结论 :本方法简便 ,快速 ,结果准确 ,可靠 ,重现性好。     

HPLC法测定氨苄西林胶囊的含量

目的　建立 HPLC法测定氨苄西林胶囊含量。方法　采用 C18柱为固定相 ;0 .0 2 5 mol· L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液 (p H 4.5 ) -乙腈 (96∶ 4)为流动相 ;流速 1 m L· min-1;检测波长为 2 5 4 nm;灵敏度为 0 .0 5 AUFS。结果　浓度在 0 .2 6～ 1 .3 2 g·L-1范围内线性关系良好。 r=0 .9999,平均回收率为 1 0 0 .1 % ,RSD 0 .3 % (n =5 )。结论　该法快速、简便、准确 ,适用于氨苄西林胶囊的含量测定     

高效液相色谱法测定异烟肼片的含量

目的 　建立 HPL C测定异烟肼片含量的方法。方法 　色谱柱 Kromasil KR10 0 -5 C1 8色谱柱 (2 5 0× 4.6mm) ;流动相 :甲醇 -水 (3 0∶ 70 ) ;流速 :0 .8ml·min- 1 ;紫外检测波长 :2 63 nm。结果 　异烟肼在 0 .2 5～ 2 μg·m L- 1浓度范围内呈线性关系良好。 (r=0 .99999,n=6) ,重复性良好 ,RSD=0 .7% (n=6) ,平均回收率 99.3 3 % ,RSD=0 .64 % (n=6)。 结论 　本法快速、简便、准确、重复性好。     

刺五加中游离型和结合型异皮定的高效液相色谱法研究

目的 :建立刺五加药材中异皮定含量测定方法。方法 :采用PhenomenexC1 8柱 ,乙腈 - 0 0 5mol·L- 1 磷酸二氢钾(2 2∶78)为流动相 ,流速 0 9mL·min- 1 ,检测波长 34 4nm。结果 :游离型和结合型异皮定加样回收率分别为 98 8%和10 2 5 % ,RSD分别为 2 3%和 2 9% (n =5 )。结论 :方法简便 ,结果准确可靠。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.