11C-胆碱PET/CT显像在前列腺良恶性病变鉴别诊断中的应用

目的 探讨11C-胆碱PET/CT显像在前列腺良恶性病变鉴别诊断中的作用.方法 前列腺病变患者45例,按体重静脉注射7.4 MBq/kg 11C-胆碱5 min后行仰卧位盆腔PET/CT显像,可疑转移患者行全身显像.测量前列腺病灶(靶)及肌肉(非靶)组织的最高标准摄取值(SUVmax),并计算其比值(P/M).结果 病理检查证实前列腺良性病变27例,前列腺癌18例.前列腺良恶性病变的P/M比值间差异有显著性(1.87±1.21与4.02±1.88,t=2.07,P＜0.01).以P/M比值＞2.32为标准,11C-胆碱PET/CT显像诊断前列腺癌的灵敏度为88.89%,特异性为88.89%,阴性预测值为92.31%.结论 11C-胆碱PET/CT显像是一种诊断前列腺癌较好的无创性检查方法;P/M比值比SUV能更好鉴别前列腺良恶性病变.     

11C-胆碱PET/CT显像在肺癌中的应用价值及其机理的研究

目的探讨11 C-胆碱PET/CT显像在肺癌中的应用价值及胆碱代谢机理。方法目测法和半定量法分析38例可疑肺癌患者PET/CT显像结果;RT-PCR和Western blot方法进行分子生物学检测。结果手术病理证实29例为肺癌,3例为良性病变。6例因发生远处转移未行手术。肺癌原发病灶、纵隔及肺门淋巴结转移及远处转移灶均显示放射性摄取明显增高。目测法及半定量分析法均显示良、恶性病变无显著性差异。鳞癌、腺癌、不典型类癌的11 C-胆碱摄取值相比也不具有显著性差异。12例肺癌组织细胞中,9例Chok mRNA及蛋白质的表达比正常肺组织升高,5例ChATmRNA及蛋白质表达升高,其中5例Chok及ChAT表达均升高。结论 11 C-胆碱PET/CT显像能够发现肺癌原发病灶、纵隔及肺门淋巴结转移及远处转移灶,有助于准确临床分期;但不能有效鉴别肺部病灶的良恶性。肺癌组织细胞中不仅有磷酸化途径的增强,而且存在乙酰化途径。     

11C-胆碱PET显像鉴别肺部病变性质及探查肺癌转移灶的价值

目的探讨11C-胆碱PET显像对鉴别肺部病变性质和探查肺癌转移灶的价值.方法对33例肺部病变患者进行11C-胆碱PET显像,用定性和半定量法进行分析,并与病理检查及随访结果进行比较.结果24处病理检查证实为肺恶性病变的病灶均可见高胆碱浓聚,标准摄取值(SUV)为0.6～39.2(5.26±7.50).10处肺良性病灶中除1处肺新型隐球菌感染外,余9处PET显像均为阴性.11C-胆碱PET显像检出纵隔淋巴结转移12枚(12/15枚),远处转移病灶4处(4/6处).结论11C-胆碱PET显像是鉴别肺部病变性质和探查肺癌转移灶准确、可靠的方法.     

放射性核素标记的胆碱在PET/CT肿瘤显像中的应用

18F-FDG PET/CT可明显提高恶性肿瘤诊断的准确性,指导恶性肿瘤的分期与再分期,对患者治疗方案的选择产生了重要影响。其在全身许多肿瘤中的应用价值已获得认可,但还存在一些不足。随着正电子标记药物的不断研发,放射性核素标记的胆碱逐渐应用于临床。胆碱是细胞膜的重要组成成分,恶性肿瘤的胆碱代谢增高。近年来的研究表明,胆碱PET/CT在胶质瘤、头颈部肿瘤、肺癌、肝细胞肝癌、前列腺癌、膀胱肿瘤等的诊断、分期及复发检测等方面具有很好的应用价值,特别是对颅内病变的观察、高分化肝细胞肝癌的诊断、生物靶区勾画、复发病灶的定位等,在一定程度上弥补了18F-FDG PET/CT的不足。笔者回顾了放射性核素标记的胆碱（11C-胆碱和18F-胆碱）在肿瘤显像中的应用。     

11C-胆碱和18F-FDG PET/CT显像在脑胶质瘤诊断中的应用

目的 探讨11C-胆碱和18F-FDG PET/CT在脑胶质瘤显像中的意义,以提高PET/CT对脑胶质瘤病变的诊断价值。 方法 分别对21例颅脑占位疑似脑胶质瘤患者行11C-胆碱及18F-FDG PET/CT颅脑显像,分析11C-胆碱和18F-FDG最大标准化摄取值（SUV_max）与患者年龄、病理类型之间的关系。 结果 21例患者的18F-FDG和11C-胆碱SUV_max与患者年龄无显著相关性,18F-FDG SUV_max与病变的良、恶性也无显著相关性,而11C-胆碱SUV_max与病变良、恶性存在一定相关性。 结论 11C-胆碱PET/CT在诊断和鉴别颅内胶质瘤病变中具有重要的价值和意义。     

11C-胆碱对18F-FDG PET/CT显像诊断鼻咽癌和肝细胞肝癌的补充价值

目的 探讨11C-胆碱(CHO) PET/CT对18F-FDG PET/CT显像诊断鼻咽癌(NPC)和HCC的补充价值.方法 将明确诊断的NPC和HCC患者纳入该研究.该研究经医院伦理委员会通过,患者均签署知情同意书.2007年12月至2010年1月,15例局部进展型NPC和76例HCC患者均行18 F-FDG PET/CT显像,其中43例(15例NPC和28例HCC)同时行局部11C-CHO PET/CT显像.病灶处出现18 F-FDG或11C-CHO高摄取者为阳性.半定量分析采用SUVmax、肿瘤/脑(T/B)比值和肿瘤/肝(T/L)比值等指标.统计学分析采用两样本t检验、x2检验、Fisher确切概率法和直线相关分析.结果 (1)在15例局部进展型NPC患者中,病灶处18F-FDG SUVmax明显高于11 C-CHO SUVmax (12.81 ±5.00与6.84±2.76;t =6.416,P＜0.01),但11C-CHO PET/CT显像T/B比值明显高于18F-FDG PET/CT显像(18.62±7.95与1.38±0.59;t=8.801,P＜0.01).2种显像剂在病灶处的摄取结果明显相关(r =0.712,P＜0.01).与18F-FDG PET/CT显像比较,11C-CHO显像改进了50.0％(12/12与6/12;x2=8.000,P＜0.05)患者颅内侵犯病灶、4/14患者颅底侵犯病灶和3/3患者眼眶侵犯病灶的显示.(2)在76例HCC患者中,63.1％ (48/76)的患者18F-FDG PET/CT显像阳性.在28例18 F-FDG PET/CT显像阴性者中,71.4％ (20/28)的患者11C-CHO PET/CT显像阳性.18F-FDG联合11C-CHO使PET/CT诊断HCC的灵敏度从63.1％(48/76)提高到89.5％ (68/76;x2=14.559,P＜0.01).与18F-FDG PET/CT显像比较,11C-CHO PET/CT显像倾向易于检出高分化HCC[6/9与35.7％(5/14);P =0.214];在检测中分化HCC方面,两者差异无统计学意义[6/7与72.0％(18/25),P=0.648].11C-CHO PET/CT显像在检测直径＜5.0 cm的HCC方面较18 F-FDG PET/CT显像灵敏[72.7％ (16/22)与42.1％ (16/38);x2=5.249,P＜0.05],特别是＜2.0 cm病灶[5/7与0/7;P=0.021].结论 11C-CHO与18F-FDG相结合可提高PET/CT对局部进展型NPC T分期诊断的准确性.11C-CHO可弥补18F-FDG显像在高中分化HCC诊断中的不足,从而提高PET/CT的诊断灵敏度.     

11C-胆碱PET在前列腺癌中的临床应用探讨

前列腺癌是老年男性的常见恶性肿瘤,但是常规显像困难.11C-胆碱是新近研究较多的一种正电子肿瘤阳性显像剂,因它不通过泌尿系统排泄而被用于前列腺癌的临床诊断中.通过11C-胆碱、18F-氟脱氧葡萄糖、11C-乙酸和11C-甲硫氨酸在前列腺癌PET结果的比较,总结了11C-胆碱PET在前列腺癌的临床应用近况.     

11C-蛋氨酸PET/CT显像在脑胶质瘤中的应用价值

胶质瘤是最常见的颅内原发肿瘤,其病死率及致残率均较高.常规影像学方法在脑胶质瘤的术前分级、预后判断、复发与坏死的鉴别等方面存在一定不足.PET是反映肿瘤生物学特性的一种理想的非侵入性的功能显像方法,而PET/CT则实现了功能代谢图像与解剖形态图像的同机融合,为胶质瘤的诊断提供了功能代谢信息,弥补了常规影像的不足.目前已有多种分子影像途径及示踪剂用于脑胶质瘤的定位诊断及疗效监测.其中,11C-蛋氨酸(MET)PET/CT在脑胶质瘤的诊断、分级、预后评估、浸润范围的勾画、活检计划及放疗计划的制定、放疗后坏死病灶组织和肿瘤复发的鉴别诊断等方面起到重要作用.笔者就近年来11C-MET PET/CT显像在脑胶质瘤中的应用进展做一综述.     

11C-胆碱与18F-FDG双时相PET显像在孤立性肺结节鉴别诊断中的应用

目的 比较^11C-胆碱、18F-脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）和^18F-FDG双时相PET显像对鉴别肺部孤立性结节良恶性的价值。方法16例临床疑为肺肿瘤的患者进行^18F-FDGPET显像（注药后1h显像，2h后行延迟显像）、^11C-胆碱PET显像（3d内，于注药后10min进行）。图像判断以标准摄取值（SUV）作为半定量指标，异常放射性浓聚灶以SUV〉2．5为葡萄糖代谢增高，^18F-FDG延迟显像SUV上升≥10％为恶性病变（阳性），如下降或升高〈10％为良性病变（阴性）；^11C-胆碱异常摄取灶以SUV〉2．0为阳性。所有病例进行随访，以显像诊断是否符合病理检查结果作为判断标准。结果病理检查结果证实12例肺癌，3例结核，1例结节病。^11C-胆碱PET显像确诊了12例肿瘤中的ll例，而^18F-FDG PET显像确诊10例（10／12例），双时相^18F-FDG PET显像确诊11例。4例良性病变者，^11C-胆碱PET显像能较好鉴别；而^18F-FDG PET显像2例假阳性，结合延迟显像仅1例假阳性。结论 ^11C-胆碱和^18F-FDG PET显像均能较好地鉴别肺部良恶性肿瘤。但^11C-胆碱和双时相^18F-FDGPET显像优于常规^18F-FDGPET显像，三者联合能提高对肺部病变的诊断效率。     

11C-胆碱显像在18F—FDG显像诊断不明确肝占位病变患者中的应用

目的研究11C-胆碱PET／CT显像在18F-脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）PET／CT显像诊断不明确的肝占位病变中的应用价值。方法对18F—FDGPET／CT诊断不明确的20例患者共25个肝占位病变,行肝局部11C-胆碱PET／CT显像。病灶处出现11C-胆碱局限性摄取增高者考虑为阳性。将最大标准摄取值（SUVmax）和靶／肝放射性（T／L）比值作为半定量分析指标。采用SPSS11．5软件,行Mann-Whitney和Kruskal—Wallis秩和检验及,检验。结果25个肝占位性病变中,21个为肝细胞癌,3个为血管瘤,1个为霉菌性肉芽肿。11c-胆碱显像对肝细胞癌灶的阳性检测率为66．7％（14／21）。11c-胆碱显像对高分化肝细胞癌的阳性检测率高于对中、低分化肝细胞癌（8／9和2／5）。肝癌阳性组、阴性组和良性病变组的T／L比值差异有统计学意义（1．70±0．35,0．86±0．15和0．36±0．18,X^2=19．00,P〈0．01）。肝癌阳性组和阴性组间的病灶大小和甲胎蛋白（AFP）水平差异无统计学意义（Mann—Whitney U=39．00,P〉0．05和U=16．00,P〉0．05）。结论11C-胆碱PET／CT能在较大程度上弥补18F—FDGPET／CT对肝细胞癌检测的不足,其更适合检测高分化肝细胞癌。     

Imaging prostate cancer with 11C-choline PET/CT.

The ability of 11C-choline and multimodality fusion imaging with integrated PET and contrast-enhanced CT (PET/CT) was investigated to delineate prostate carcinoma (PCa) within the prostate and to differentiate cancer tissue from normal prostate, benign prostate hyperplasia, and focal chronic prostatitis. METHODS: All patients with PCa gave written informed consent. Twenty-six patients with clinical stage T1, T2, or T3 and biopsy-proven PCa underwent 11C-choline PET/CT after intravenous injection of 1,112 +/- 131 MBq 11C-choline, radical retropubic prostatovesiculectomy, and standardized prostate tissue sampling. Maximal standardized uptake values (SUVs) of 11C-choline within 36 segments of the prostate were determined. PET/CT results were correlated with histopathologic results, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), Gleason score, and pT stage. RESULTS: The SUV of 11C-choline in PCa tissue was 3.5 +/- 1.3 (mean +/- SD) and significantly higher than that in prostate tissue with benign histopathologic lesions (2.0 +/- 0.6; P < 0.001 benign histopathology vs. cancer). Visual and quantitative analyses of segmental 11C-choline uptake of each patient unambiguously located PCa in 26 of 26 patients and 25 of 26 patients, respectively. A threshold SUV of 2.65 yielded an area under the receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.89 +/- 0.01 for correctly locating PCa. The maximal 11C-choline SUV did not correlate significantly with PSA or Gleason score but did correlate with T stage (P = 0.01; Spearman r = 0.49). CONCLUSION: 11C-Choline PET/CT can accurately detect and locate major areas with PCa and differentiate segments with PCa from those with benign hyperplasia, chronic prostatitis, or normal prostate tissue. The maximal tumoral 11C-choline uptake is related to pT stage.     

The utility of 11C-choline PET/CT for imaging prostate cancer: a pictorial guide

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this article is to provide an illustrative tutorial showing the utility of (11)C-choline PET/CT for imaging prostate cancer. CONCLUSION: Carbon-11-labeled choline PET/CT is a powerful adjunct to the currently available imaging modalities for evaluating prostate cancer. As with any diagnostic method, false-positives and false-negatives occur. However, these diagnostic errors can be reduced if readers are familiar with the normal and abnormal patterns of (11)C-choline distribution in the body.     

MRI、MRS及11C-胆碱PET/CT对前列腺癌诊断的对比研究

目的 探讨11C-胆碱PET/CT对前列腺癌的诊断价值,并与常规MRI及直肠线圈1H MR波谱分析(MRS)的诊断结果对比.方法 34例前列腺病变患者行11C-胆碱PET/CT、常规前列腺MRI及直肠线圈MRS检查.11C-胆碱PET/CT图像于注射5 min后获取.对前列腺良性病变和前列腺癌部位分别计算标准摄取值(SUV)最大值及平均值(SUVmax、SUVmean).将PET/CT诊断结果与MRI、1H MRS及病理检查结果对比.分析SUV与血清前列腺特异抗原(PSA)的相关性.病理检查结果为在开放式MR光学导引系统下穿刺活组织检查或经直肠指诊穿刺获得.转移灶经局部穿刺活组织检查或影像学随访证实.统计学处理采用SPSS 11.0软件.结果 (1)原发性前列腺癌SUVmax 5.72±2.31,SUVmean 4.78±2.20.SUV比较:低分化腺癌＞中分化腺癌＞高分化腺癌.前列腺良性病变的SUVmax 2.49±1.43,SUVmean 1.89±1.24.不同病理类型及分化程度的前列腺病变SUVmax、SUVmean之间差异无统计学意义(FSUVmax=2.401,FSUVmean=1.744;P＞0.05).前列腺癌SUV高于前列腺良性病变,但二者存在交叉重叠现象,如果以SUVmax 2.5为分界,则二者之间有25.8%(8/31)交叉.因此,前列腺的形态、前列腺内放射性分布的均匀程度对前列腺癌的诊断价值高于SUV.SUVmax与血清PSA之间呈正相关(等级相关系数rs=0.819 86,P＜0.01).(2)影像诊断与病理检查结果符合的例数11C-胆碱PET/CT为25例,MRI为21例,MRS为22例.11C-胆碱PET/CT、MRI及MRS诊断前列腺癌的灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为 93.75%, 66.67%, 75.00%, 90.91%; 87.50%, 46.67%, 63.64%, 77.78%; 87.50%, 53.33%, 66.67%, 80.00%.3种方法比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.422,P＞0.05).(3)11C-胆碱PET/CT能区别前列腺癌治疗后复查患者复发区与治疗有效区,并可检出远处转移灶.结论 11C-胆碱PET/CT可用于前列腺癌的诊断、分期及检测复发和转移灶;其对前列腺癌的诊断灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值均略高于MRS及MRI;SUVmax与血清PSA之间呈正相关.     

The value of <Superscript>18</Superscript>F-Choline PET/CT in patients with elevated PSA-level and negative prostate needle biopsy for localisation of prostate cancer

Purpose Patients with persistent elevated PSA and repeated negative prostate biopsy, that means having the prostate biopsied at multiple times, were investigated with 18F-choline PET/CT to delineate prostate cancer and guide renewed prostate biopsy. Methods Twenty patients with elevated PSA and negative prostate biopsies underwent 18F-choline PET/CT. We performed an early examination of the pelvic region 3-5 min after application. After 30 minutes a whole body PET/CT examination was performed. Image analysis was performed visually and by semi-quantitative analysis calculating the maximum standardised uptake value (SUVmax). 18F-choline uptake was defined as focal, multifocal or inhomogeneous. After the 18F-choline PET/CT, all patients underwent a repeated prostate biopsy, and in the cases where a focal or multifocal uptake was found, the biopsy was guided by the result of the examination. Results Qualitative image analysis revealed focal 18F-choline uptake in 13 out of 20 patients. In five patients, prostate cancer was revealed by repeated aspiration biopsy. None of the patients with a multifocal or inhomogeneous 18F-choline uptake had a malignant neoplasm in the prostate. Semiquantitative analysis performed with SUVmax was not helpful in the discrimination of malignancy but showed high values also in benign prostate diseases, as well as in normal prostate tissue. The dual-phase protocol delivered no clear benefit in discriminating malignancy from benign alterations. Conclusion The use of 18F-choline cannot be generally recommended for localising prostate cancer; however, in highly selected patients, we found useful additional information. In 25% of patients, 18F-choline PET/CT allowed the identification of neoplastic prostatic zones.     

18F-FDG和11C-choline PET/CT诊断前列腺良恶性病变的影响因素研究

目的:探讨18F-FDG(18F-脱氧葡萄糖)和11 C-choline(11 C-胆碱)PET/CT显像诊断前列腺良恶性病变的影响因素,以提高PET/CT对前列腺病变的诊断价值。方法:选择可疑前列腺病变患者55例为研究对象,年龄57～82岁,28例为前列腺癌,转移程度不一;其余为前列腺良性病变。所有患者均行全身18 F-FDG和11 C-choline PET/CT检查,分析18 F-FDG和11 C-choline标准摄取值(SUV)与前列病变患者的年龄及病理类型的相互关系和意义。结果:55例前列腺病变患者,18F-FDG和11 C-choline标准摄取值与患者的年龄无统计学差异(P>0.05),18 F-FDG标准摄取值与患者的病理类型亦无统计学差异(P>0.05),而11 C-choline标准摄取值与患者的病理类型有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:前列腺病变患者的病理类型是影响11 C-choline标准摄取值的重要因素,11 C-choline PET/CT鉴别诊断前列腺良恶性病变具有重要的价值和意义。     

Incidental finding of parathyroid adenoma with 11C-choline PET/CT

Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with 11C-choline is an established diagnostic tool for restaging prostate cancer patients with biochemical failure after primary treatment. In the present case, 11C-choline PET/CT was performed in a prostate cancer patient with skeletal metastases, treated with hormonal therapy. In addition to the detection of pathologic uptake at prostate and vertebra, 11C-choline uptake occurred in the neck. The finding was suggestive for a parathyroid adenoma on subsequent ultrasound, then finally confirmed by parathyroid scintigraphy and histopathological analysis performed after hemithyroidectomy.