Epiretinal membrane with macular pucker

Background: Epiretinal membranes are a common finding in people over the age of 50 years. Clinically, they usually cause minor visual distortion. However, in some patients, there may be a significant visual loss and/or metamorphopsia and surgery may be required in more severe cases. Case history: In this report, we document the findings of a patient having an epiretinal membrane with macular pucker. The patient underwent surgery consisting of posterior vitrectomy and peeling away of the membrane. Discussion: The classification and terminology commonly used to describe epiretinal membranes are reviewed. In addition, the aetiology, prevalence, symptoms, differential diagnosis, treatment and complications of epiretinal membranes are discussed.     

玻璃体手术治疗玻璃体黄斑牵引综合征

目的:探讨玻璃体手术治疗玻璃体黄斑牵引综合征疗效。方法:手术前后经光学相干断层扫描(optical co-herence tomography, OCT)、多焦视网膜电图(multifocal electroretinography,m ERG)、荧光素眼底血管造影(funds fluorescein angiography,FFA)等检查确诊为玻璃体黄斑牵引综合征患者12例12眼。采用标准三切口玻璃体切除手术。切除已脱离玻璃体后皮质,松解玻璃体视网膜牵引。结果:黄斑部牵引解除12眼,视力提高2行以上9眼。手术后未见明显并发症。结论:玻璃体手术是治疗玻璃体黄斑牵引综合征的有效方法。     

23G玻璃体切除术治疗视网膜静脉阻塞黄斑水肿合并玻璃体黄斑牵拉或黄斑前膜

目的:探讨23G玻璃体手术治疗视网膜静脉阻塞黄斑水肿合并玻璃体黄斑牵拉或视网膜黄斑前膜的临床疗效.方法:对22例22眼视网膜静脉阻塞黄斑水肿合并玻璃体黄斑牵拉或黄斑前膜病例进行回顾性分析.其中12例12眼行23G玻璃体切除手术并剥离视网膜前膜和/或内界膜作为观察组即手术组;另外10例10眼未行手术患者作为对照组,并收集全部患者治疗前、治疗后1、3、6mo的最佳矫正视力(BCVA)及中央视网膜厚度(CRT)资料进行统计学分析.结果:观察组和对照组治疗前BCVA和CRT差异无统计学意义(P=0.645、0.206).观察组术后各随访时间点BCVA较术前均明显提高,差异有统计学意义(F=2.895,P=0.048);CRT较术前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(F=16.431,P<0.01).对照组随访期内1、3、6mo BCVA及CRT较治疗前无明显改善,差异均无统计学意义.随访期3、6mo时,观察组BCVA较对照组提高,CRT较对照组时降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);而1mo时,观察组BCVA及CRT较对照组无明显改善.结论:23G玻璃体切割手术可以有效地提高视网膜静脉阻塞黄斑水肿合并玻璃体黄斑牵拉或黄斑前膜患者视力并降低中央视网膜厚度.     

Optical coherence tomography evidence of rapid progression from vitreomacular traction to full thickness macular hole

The authors present a case of a patient with idiopathic vitreomacular traction who subsequently developed a full thickness macular hole 3 weeks following the onset of metamorphopsia. Vitreomacular traction is a well described phenomenon and has been known to resolve spontaneously and in this patient the conservative approach was adopted initially. However, she progressed rapidly to a full thickness macular hole and therefore, the authors recommend close monitoring of such patients with a view to early vitrectomy to prevent progressive morbidity.     

OCT-guided hyaloid release for vitreomacular traction syndrome

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of OCT retinal mapping in determining the configuration of a vitreomacular adhesion and selecting a meridian for entry into the subhyaloid space in patients with vitreomacular traction syndrome. METHODS: Six consecutive patients (6 eyes) with vitreomacular traction syndrome underwent vitrectomy with peeling of posterior hyaloid. Ocular coherence tomography (OCT) retinal mapping was performed preoperatively. Access to the subhyaloid space was made by creating an opening with a 25 gauge needle at a location where the detached posterior hyaloid membrane was farthest from the retinal surface. The location was selected based on six preoperative meridional OCT scans. The posterior hyaloid was then gently peeled off in a circular fashion around the fovea with a micropick. Visual acuity and foveal thicknesses were measured before the operation and 3 months afterwards. RESULTS: After the operation, visual acuity improved and central macular thicknesses were reduced significantly in all six patients. The best corrected visual acuity improved from 0.4 to 0.75 with a mean increase by 3.5 lines on a Snellen chart 3 months after the operation. The mean foveal thickness was reduced from 406 micrometer to 241 micrometer. The restoration of foveal pit was observed in five patients. Neither intraoperative nor postoperative complications were observed during the follow up period. CONCLUSIONS: An OCT retinal mapping program is a valuable diagnostic tool in understanding the configuration of vitreomacular adhesion and planning the surgical approach for operating on vitreomacular traction syndrome.     

玻璃体黄斑牵引综合征手术前后光学相干断层扫描的对比研究

目的:对比分析玻璃体黄斑牵引综合征(vitreomacular traction syndrome,VTS)手术前后光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)的差异.方法:回顾性分析2013-01/2014-01经OCT检查确诊并接受25G玻璃体切除手术治疗的玻璃体黄斑牵引综合征患者11例11眼的临床资料.患者术后平均随访6mo,观察患者手术前后的视力及OCT检查情况,比较手术前后黄斑区视网膜厚度和局部形态的变化.结果:单纯玻璃体牵引8眼,术后6眼视力提高,2眼视力不提高;黄斑前膜牵引1眼(术中给予黄斑前膜剥除、视网膜内界膜剥除、曲安奈德玻璃体腔注射)术后视力不提高;玻璃体合并视网膜黄斑前膜牵引2眼(术中给予黄斑前膜剥除)术后视力提高.其中视力达0.1以上者所占比例由术前的46%提高至术后的73%.术前黄斑中心凹视网膜平均厚度为619.27±195.13μm,术后平均厚度为239.12±143.84μm,术后黄斑中心凹视网膜平均厚度较术前明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:玻璃体切除术能有效解除玻璃体对黄斑部的牵引,阻止患者视力进一步下降,减轻黄斑水肿,并提高部分患者视力,OCT对本组病的诊断及预后有重要的指导意义.     

Spontaneous resolution of vitreomacular traction: a case series

Three patients had unilateral vitreomacular traction (VMT) syndrome and the diagnosis was confirmed by spectral domain‐type optical coherence tomography (OCT). All patients were female aged 51, 55 and 62 years. All denied surgical intervention. In one patient, rapid spontaneous resolution of the vitreomacular traction with a complete posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) and a normal foveal contour was achieved within 15 days. In the remaining two cases a complete PVD could be detected as late as seven months after the initial presentation. In one, though the vitreomacular adhesion released spontaneously, there was a minimal residual epiretinal membrane. In all three eyes, visual acuity was considerably improved. Spontaneous, uneventful resolution has been rarely reported in the natural course of VMT but several recent studies with the aid of OCT have shown that spontaneous resolution might be more common than previously known. In light of our cases, we believe that there is still room to search for OCT clues in eyes with VMT to predict eyes with higher likelihood of spontaneous resolution, thereby avoiding unnecessary pharmacologic and/or surgical intervention.     

玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥离术治疗IMEM不同眼内填充物的临床观察

目的:探讨玻璃体切割联合视网膜内界膜剥离手术治疗特发性黄斑前膜(idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane,IMEM)术不同眼内填充物术后疗效及并发症的观察。方法:回顾性分析特发性黄斑前膜患者44例44眼。患者随机分成A、B两组,其中A组20例;B组24例,两组患者均行玻璃体切割联合视网膜内界膜剥离手术,A组玻璃体腔内行平衡盐溶液(BSS)填充,B组行气体填充(13眼填充滤过空气,11眼填充100mL/LC3F8),术后随访12～16(平均13)mo。术前、术后1,3,6,12mo检查最佳矫正视力(BCVA),光学相干断层扫描(OCT)测量黄斑中心凹厚度(CFT),术后1,7d;1,3mo行眼压(IOP)检查,对比观察手术前后视力,间接检眼镜,CFT,IOP检查结果。结果:末次随访时两组患眼BCVA较术前显著提高,提高0.2logMAR及以上者29眼(66%)。两组间logMARBCVA的差异手术前(0.53±0.18vs0.52±0.14)及末次随访时(0.31±0.14vs0.28±0.09)均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。末次随访时A、B组患眼CFT较术前明显降低,从407.82±97.00μm下降到285.25±70.07μm(Z=4.29,P<0.05)。两组间CFT的差异术前(409.45±108.40μmvs406.46±88.76μm)及末次随访时(287.60±66.94μmvs283.29±73.95μm)均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后1d,A组眼压(14.25±3.06mmHg)低于B组(17.71±3.20mmHg),差异有统计学意义(Z=3.12,P<0.05),但两组眼压均值均未超过正常范围(10～21mmHg)。术前、术后7d;1,3mo两组间眼压差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A组患者术后无需俯卧位,B组患者填充滤过空气者术后俯卧位1～3d,填充100mL/LC3F8者俯卧位至少7d。结论:玻璃体切割联合视网膜内界膜剥离手术治疗特发性黄斑前膜手术末填充BSS或气体均能显著提高视力、降低黄斑中心凹厚度,两者的临床疗效无显著差异,但填充BSS可避免术后俯卧位,减轻患者术后身体及精神负担,同时手术更加快捷、安全。     

玻璃体切除联合注气术治疗黄斑裂孔

目的:探讨玻璃体切除术治疗特发性黄斑裂孔的临床疗效。方法:对27例(28眼)黄斑裂孔患者行玻璃体切除术联合注气术,术中行剥膜、气液交换、注入C3F8气体。结果:术后6mo随访28眼解剖成功率为86%,视力成功率为78%,两者均与症状持续时间成反比。结论:玻璃体切除联合注气术为特发性黄斑裂孔提供了较理想的治疗方法。     

Secondary pigmented macular pucker on optical coherence tomography

Purpose: To describe the clinical features, retinal architecture and tomographic configuration of a pigmented epiretinal membrane on optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: A 52‐year‐old man presented during a routine examination with an asymptomatic, darkly pigmented, pre‐retinal epiretinal membrane in his right eye. His best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) on Snellen charts was 20/25 in the right eye and 20/20 in the left. The patient complained of no visual symptoms or metamorphopsia. Results: In the fundus periphery there was a small, old, well pigmented retinal hole with pigmentation in its immediate vicinity, without signs of vitreal traction, which required no treatment. The foveal indentation was not apparent on OCT and a well demarcated hyperreflective band defined the pigmented epiretinal membranes (ERMs). Sequential fundus examination over a 2‐year period demonstrated no functional or anatomical deterioration attributable to the disease. Conclusions: Pigmented ERM may have different cellular origins depending on the underlying pathology. Patients with pigmented ERM and full VA should be followed by sequential OCT.     

玻璃体腔注射全氟丙烷治疗玻璃体黄斑牵引综合征

目的:观察研究玻璃体腔注射膨胀气体全氟丙烷(C3F8)治疗玻璃体黄斑牵引综合征的疗效。方法:回顾分析12例12眼玻璃体黄斑牵引综合征患者玻璃体腔注射0.3mLC3F8后1mo玻璃体黄斑牵拉情况以及最佳矫正视力、黄斑中心神经上皮厚度的变化情况。结果:玻璃体黄斑牵拉状态完全解除5眼(42%)。治疗前后患者平均视力分别为0.20±0.07,0.25±0.04。黄斑中心神经上皮最大厚度平均减少69μm。结论:玻璃体腔注射C3F8是一种治疗玻璃体黄斑牵引综合征的有效方法,并且与玻璃体切除手术相比较创伤更小、安全性更高。     

玻璃体切割术联合曲安奈德治疗难治性黄斑水肿的疗效分析

目的评价玻璃体切割术联合曲安奈德治疗难治性黄斑水肿的疗效。方法我院2002年2月至2005年9月应用玻璃体切割术治疗难治性黄斑水肿患者42例47眼,根据术中是否行玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德随机分为曲安奈德治疗组和对照组,术后随访(4-7)m,比较两组患者视力改善黄斑水肿消退情况。结果两组患者治疗后视力及黄斑水肿均明显改善,治疗前后有统计学差异,p<0.05。并且曲安奈德治疗组视力改善及黄斑水肿消退情况均明显优于对照组,有统计学差异,p<0.05。结论玻璃体切割术是目前治疗难治性黄斑水肿比较有效的方式,而术中应用曲安奈德将使该治疗效果显著性提高。     

玻璃体切除术联合内界膜剥除治疗特发性黄斑裂孔

目的:探讨玻璃体切除术联合内界膜剥除治疗特发性黄斑裂孔的疗效。方法:对93例93眼特发性黄斑裂孔患者行玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥除,气液交换,眼内填充C3F8。术后观察术眼视力及OCT了解黄斑裂孔变化。结果:特发性黄斑裂孔患者93例中裂孔完全愈合89例(96%),4例裂孔未闭,患者拒绝再次手术。绝大多数患者术后视力提高。结论:玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥除是治疗特发性黄斑裂孔的有效方法,能使绝大多数患者的裂孔得到解剖愈合,视力提高。     

Vitreomacular traction syndrome: a comparison of treatment with intravitreal plasmin enzyme vs spontaneous vitreous separation without treatment

Purpose

To evaluate the effects of intravitreal autologous plasmin enzyme (APE) in patients with focal vitreomacular traction (VMT).

Methods

APE was obtained by incubation of patient-derived purified plasminogen with streptokinase, and intravitreally injected 5–12 days later. Twenty-four hours after injection, in case of incomplete VMT release, a pars plana vitrectomy was performed. The hyaloid internal limiting membrane adherence and removal of the posterior hyaloid were intraoperatively evaluated.

Results

Thirteen patients were recruited. During preparation of APE, five patients had spontaneous release of VMT. Eight patients received APE injection (2 IU). In five patients, spontaneous resolution of VMT occurred before APE administration. Twenty-four hours after injection, persistence of VMT was detected in all the eight treated patients. Best-corrected visual acuity was 0.51±0.37 LogMAR at baseline, improving to 0.23±0.14 LogMAR at 6 months (P=0.002). Foveal thickness was 464±180 μm at baseline, reducing to 246±59 μm at 6 months (P<0.001). Hyaloid was intraoperatively judged ‘partially detached'' in seven cases and ‘totally detached'' in one case. Hyaloid peeling was evaluated ‘easy'' in six eyes and ‘very easy'' in two eyes.

Conclusions

In the current study, there was a large percentage of spontaneous resolution of VMT before an APE administration. A single intravitreal APE injection seems insufficient to induce a complete posterior vitreous detachment in these patients.     

视网膜脱离术后黄斑前膜的手术治疗

目的 探讨玻璃体切割手术治疗视网膜脱离术后并发黄斑前膜的效果。方法 25例25眼孔源性视网膜脱离巩膜术后并发黄斑前膜有明显视物变形和视力下降病例接受玻璃体切割黄斑前膜剥除。观察术后视功能改善情况和并发症。结果 术后视物变形改善率为80％、76％病例视力提高至0．1以上（术前只有28％病例视力在0．1以上）。并发症有：视网膜表面出血、黄斑前膜残留、视网膜脱离复发、核性白内障发展。结论 玻璃体切割黄斑前膜剥除是治疗视网膜脱离术后并发黄斑前膜的有效方法,并发症较少。     

玻璃体黄斑牵引综合征的手术疗效观察

目的 探讨玻璃体手术治疗玻璃体黄斑牵引综合征的临床效果及光相干断层扫描、荧光素眼底造影对手术疗效的评价.方法 经裂隙灯前置镜、间接眼底镜检查、B超、光相干断层扫描(OCT)、荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)等检查确诊为玻璃体黄斑牵引综合征行玻璃体手术的患者30例(30只眼)的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 30只眼经手术解除玻璃体对黄斑部的牵引.术后20只眼视力提高.术后黄斑区牵引处OCT测量高度平均减小267μm,有明显改善.术前荧光素眼底血管造影检查存在黄斑囊样水肿伴渗漏,术后明显减轻.术前合并高度近视眼者视力预后不佳.结论 玻璃体手术能够有效解除玻璃体对黄斑部的牵引,阻止患者视力进一步下降,减轻黄斑水肿及渗漏,是治疗玻璃体黄斑牵引综合征的有效方法.光相干断层扫描及荧光素眼底造影检查可以对手术疗效进行评价,有利于术后随访.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of vitreous surgery for patients with vitreomacular traction syndrome. Methods Of 30 patients (30 eyes) who underwent vitrectomy for vitreomacular traction syndrome were retrospectively analyzed. Results Vitreomacular traction was released successfully, and a better visual acuity was obtained in 20 eyes. Mean macular thickness decreased by 267μ m postoperatively. The eyes showed statistically significant improvement in visual acuity and central macular thickness (P <0.05). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA) showed macular edema gradually alleviated after vitreous surgery. Preoperative high myopia was associated with prognosis of postoperative visual acuity (P<0.05). Conclusions Vitrectomy can relieve macular traction, and is effective for decreasing macular thickness and improvement of vision in vitreomacular traction syndrome. OCT and FFA are useful for evaluation and follow-up for vitreomacular traction syndrome.