慢性精神分裂症患者血清甲状腺激素测定分析

目的研究慢性精神分裂症患者的血清甲状腺激素水平。方法采用化学发光微粒免疫检测（CMIA），对62例慢性精神分裂症患者进行血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸（T3）、甲状腺素（T4）和促甲状腺激素（TSH）测定。结果慢性精神分裂症患者的T3非常明显低于常模（P〈0．01）；20～39岁慢性精神分裂症患者的TSH明显低于40-59岁（P〈0.05）；单纯型慢性精神分裂症患者的TSH明显低于偏执型慢性精神分裂症患者（P〈0.05）。结论TSH降低可能是精神分裂症衰退的一种生物学指标，T3水平可能参与了情感反应的激活。     

奥氮平与氟哌啶醇治疗女性精神分裂症患者的对照研究

目的比较奥氮平与氟哌啶醇治疗女性精神分裂症患者的疗效及安全性。方法将符合条件的100例住院女性精神分裂症患者随机分为奥氮平组和氟哌啶醇组,共治疗3个月,采用PANSS、TESS、健康状况问卷（SF-36）进行疗效、不良反应和生活质量评估,同时检测血清泌乳素水平。结果两组治疗前后PANSS评分均有显著性差异（P〈0．01）,治疗结束后阴性症状评分奥氮平组明显低于氟哌啶醇组,有显著差异（P〈0．01）;奥氮平组在生理机能、生理职能、生命活力、社会功能、情感职能5个因子分及生活质量总评分均明显高于氟哌啶醇组（P〈0．05）;治疗结束后奥氮平组泌乳素水平显著低于氟哌啶醇组（P〈0．01）。结论奥氮平治疗女性精神分裂症疗效好,安全性高,生活质量优于氟哌啶醇。     

非典型抗精神病药对精神分裂症患者血清甲状腺激素水平的影响

目的探讨非典型抗精神病药利培酮、奥氮平对精神分裂症患者甲状腺功能的影响。方法将符合《中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准(第3版)》(CCMD-3)的54例精神分裂症患者,采用随机数字表法分成服用利培酮和奥氮平两组,其中利培酮组29例,给药初始剂量为4 mg/d,2周内逐渐加至6 mg/d,观察至8周末;奥氮平组25例,给药初始剂量为10 mg/d,2周内逐渐加至15mg/d,观察至8周末。分别在治疗前、治疗第8周末测血清总三碘甲状腺原氨酸(TT3)、血清总甲状腺素(TT4)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、血清游离甲状腺素(FT4)及促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平。结果利培酮组治疗前后血清TT3、TT4、FT3、FT4、TSH水平差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),奥氮平组治疗前后血清TT3、TT4、TSH水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗前后FT3、FT4差异有统计学意义[(3.01±0.28)pg/mlvs.(2.81±0.26)pg/ml,(0.91±0.2)pg/mlvs.(0.77±0.14)pg/ml,P0.05]。利培酮组治疗后血清TT3、FT3水平升高,较奥氮平组差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论利培酮对精神分裂症患者甲状腺功能无实质影响,奥氮平能影响精神分裂症患者血清FT3、FT4的水平,在治疗中应注意监测服用奥氮平的精神分裂症患者的甲状腺激素水平。     

奥氮平、奎硫平与阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者血清甲状腺激素和催乳素水平的影响

目的:探讨非典型抗精神病药奥氮平、奎硫平、阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者血清甲状腺激素和催乳素(PRL)水平的影响方法:将150例精神分裂症患者随机分为奥氮平、奎硫平及阿立哌唑组并接受相应的药物治疗8周。治疗前后分别检测血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、总三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、总甲状腺素(T4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)及PRL水平。结果:治疗后3组血清FT4、T3、T4水平较治疗前明显下降(P均0.01);T4组间主效应有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后奎硫平组血清T4水平较奥氮平组下降更明显(P0.05);治疗后奥氮平组血清PRL水平明显高于治疗前及奎硫平及阿立哌唑组(P均0.01),并具有交互作用(P0.01)。结论:奥氮平、奎硫平、阿立哌唑都降低甲状腺激素水平,奎硫平更易降低T4水平;奥氮平显著影响血清PRL水平。     

抗癫痫药物对癫痫患者甲状腺激素水平影响的研究

目的 研究癫痫患者甲状腺激素水平和抗癫痫药物对其影响以及与疗效之间的关系。方法 测定已确诊的45例未服用过抗癫痫药物的癫痫患者血清甲状腺激素水平并与30例健康对照组进行比较。再经卡马西平、苯妥英钠、丙戊酸钠三种抗癫痫药物分组单药治疗3个月、6个月、年后观察甲状腺激素水平的变化及与疗效之间的关系。结果 未服用抗癫痫药物的新诊断癫痫患者游离甲状腺素（FT4）水平显著低于健康对照组,经苯妥英钠、卡马西平分别治疗3个月、6个月、1年后T4、FT4、FT3显著低于治疗前水平,TSH无显著性变化。经丙戊酸钠治疗后的不同时间段各甲状腺激素水平与治疗前比较无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。甲状腺激素水平的变化与化疗效之间似无相关性。结论 癫痫的反复发作虽未经抗癫痫药物治疗已存在FT4水平的降低。苯妥英钠、卡马西平可明显造成癫痫患者的亚临床甲状腺功能降低（T4、FT4、FT3下降）,丙戊酸钠对患者甲状腺激素水平无显著影响。甲状腺激素水平的变化与疗效之间无相关性。     

奥氮平及阿立哌唑治疗首发精神分裂症患者的疗效及对甲状腺激素的影响

目的比较奥氮平、阿立哌唑治疗首发精神分裂症患者的效果及对甲状腺激素的影响。方法选取2016年1月～2018年9月本院收治的首发精神分裂症患者136例,按随机数表法分为两组,均68例。奥氮平组给予奥氮平片10～20 mg/d治疗,阿立哌唑组给予阿立哌唑片10～30 mg/d治疗,治疗12周。观察两组治疗前后阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)评分、甲状腺激素(T4、T3、TSH、FT3、FT4)水平。结果两组治疗总有效率(奥氮平组85.29%、阿立哌唑组82.35%)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组治疗后PANSS评分均较治疗前降低(P0.05),而组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。相比治疗前,奥氮平组治疗后FT4、T3、T4水平降低(P0.05),TSH升高(P0.05);阿立哌唑组FT4降低(P0.05),而FT3、T3、T4、TSH相比治疗前无统计学差异(P0.05);治疗后两组FT3水平无统计学差异(P0.05),奥氮平组FT4、T3、T4低于阿立哌唑组,TSH高于阿立哌唑组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。阿立哌唑组不良反应率(11.76%)低于奥氮平组(16.18%),但差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.551,P0.05)。结论奥氮平、阿立哌唑对首发精神分裂症治疗效果和安全性均较好,但奥氮平对患者甲状腺激素的影响更显著。     

无抽搐电休克合并奥氮平治疗难治性精神分裂症对照研究

目的探讨无抽搐电休克治疗（MECT）合并奥氮平（悉敏）对难治性精神分裂症的疗效及安全性。方法将63例难治性精神分裂症患者随机分为研究组和对照组,分别予以MECT合并奥氮平和单用奥氮平治疗。观察期为12周。分别采用阳性和阴性症状量表（PANSS）、韦氏记忆量表（WMS）及副反应量表（TESS）评定疗效及安全性。结果（1）治疗2周末,MECT合并奥氮平组PANSS量表总分及阳性症状分较前明显下降（P〈0．05）,治疗4周末,奥氮平合并MECT组PANSS量表总分及阳性症状分较单用奥氮平组明显下降（P〈0．01）,治疗12周后,两组PANSS量表总分、阳性症状分、阴性症状分均较治疗前有显著性下降（P〈0．01）;（2）总有效率两组分为67．74％和62．50％,组间比较无差异（P〉0．05）;（3）奥氮平合并MECT组在MECT治疗期间WMS分明显下降（P〈0．01）,但在MECT结束治疗后4～8周恢复,与单用奥氮平组相比无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;（4）两组均未见严重的不良反应。结论MECT合并奥氮平治疗难治性精神分裂症疗效肯定,安全性好,快速控制阳性症状的疗效优于单用奥氯平。     

齐拉西酮对首发与慢性女性精神分裂症甲状腺激素水平的影响

目的探讨齐拉西酮对女性精神分裂症住院患者甲状腺激素的影响及首发与慢性患者（病程≥5年）的差异。方法随机抽取女性精神分裂症患者64例（首发组30例,慢性组34例）,均用齐拉西酮治疗,于治疗前和治疗8周末测定甲状腺激素。对照组为30例正常健康女性。结果治疗前慢性组T3、TSH低于对照组,有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。齐拉西酮治疗后慢性组T4水平明显下降,而TSH水平则明显升高,且有显著性差异（P〈0.05）;首发组治疗前后无显著性差异。结论慢性精神分裂症患者存在甲状腺功能异常。齐拉西酮治疗可降低慢性精神分裂症患者血清甲状腺素T4水平,升高促甲状腺素（TSH）水平;对三碘甲腺原氨酸T3、游离三碘甲腺原氨酸FT3、游离甲状腺素FT4无明显影响;首发与慢性患者无显著性差异。     

托吡酯与卡马西平对成年癫痫患者甲状腺激素的影响

目的探讨托吡酯（TPM）及卡马西平（CBZ）对成年癫痫患者甲状腺激素水平的影响。方法选择新确诊的100例成年癫痫患者（50例服用TPM、50例服用CBZ）为试验组,用化学发光法测定用药前甲状腺激素水平并与40例成年健康对照进行比较；再经TPM、CBZ单药治疗3、6个月及1年后检测血中甲状腺激素水平,并与治疗前比较。结果未经治疗的癫痫患者甲状腺激素水平与正常对照组比较无显著性差异（P＞0．05）；与治疗前相比,CBZ治疗3个月、6个月及1年后的游离T4（FT4）、三碘甲状腺原氨酸（TT3）及CBZ治疗6个月及1年后的甲状腺素（TT4）显著降低（P＜0．05）,而CBZ治疗3个月的TT4与服用CBZ后各时点的游离T3（FT3）、促甲状腺素（TSH）无显著性变化（P＞0．05）；经TPM治疗后的不同时段的甲状腺激素水平与治疗前比较均无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。结论CBZ治疗可造成成年癫痫患者甲状腺激素水平的降低。癫痫本身及TPM治疗并不引起成年患者甲状腺激素水平的改变,表明TPM治疗对成年癫痫患者的甲状腺功能更安全。     

第2代抗精神病药对代谢的影响

目的：探讨奥氮平、奎硫平和齐拉西酮对首发精神分裂症患者血脂和体质量的影响。方法：选择件院治疗的首发精神分裂症患者114例．随机分为奥氮平组35例、奎硫平组41例、齐拉西酮组38例治疗前、治疗4周和治疗8周检测血脂水平和体质量。结果：奥氮平组治疗4周、治疗8周总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL）和体质量均较治疗前显著升高（P〈0．05）;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL）水平垃著降低（P〈0．05）;奎硫平组至治疗8周时,TC、TG、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL）和体质量均较治疗前显著升高（P〈0．05）;而齐拉西酮组治疗4周和治疗8周与治疗前比较,TC、TG、HDL、LDL、体质量水平差异均无显著性。在治疗8周奥氮平组、奎硫平组TC、TG、HDL、LDL、体质餐变化与齐拉西酮组比较差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论：齐拉西酮对精神分裂症患者血脂和体质量的影响较奥氮平、奎硫平小,奥氮平和奎硫平在精神分裂症治疗过程中均可导致血脂异常和体质量增加。     

奥氮平与利培酮治疗难治性精神分裂症的对照研究

目的 比较奥氮平与利培酮对难治性精神分裂症的疗效及安全性.方法 68例难治性精神分裂症患者按照排列表法随机分为奥氮平组[34例,(24.1±5.4)mg/d]和利培酮组[34例,(7.9±1.8)mg/d],疗程均为12周.采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)、临床总体印象量表(CGI)及治疗中需处理的不良反应症状量表(TESS),在治疗前及治疗第1,2,4,8,12周末分别评定疗效和不良反应.结果 (1)奥氮平组PANSS总分、阳性症状分、阴性症状分及一般病理分均从治疗第2周末起较治疗前下降(P<0.05～0.01);利培酮组PANSS总分、阳性症状分、一般病理分从治疗第2周末起,阴性症状分从第4周末起,较治疗前下降(P<0.05～0.01);奥氮平组从治疗第2周末起各时点PANSS总分、阴性症状分均低于利培酮组(P<0.05～0.01).(2)治疗第2周末起,2组临床总体印象量表-严重程度和改善程度(CGI-SI)总分均较治疗前下降(P<0.05～0.01);2组间各时点CGI-SI分的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).(3)治疗第12周末,奥氮平组、利培酮组临床总有效率分别为65%、41%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).(4)奥氮平组、利培酮组不良反应发生率分别为53%(18/34)和59%(20/34),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);奥氮平组体质量增加发生率高于利培酮组(P<0.05);利培酮组静坐不能、异常泌乳和(或)闭经、肌张力增高的发生率高于奥氮平组(P<0.05).结论 奥氮平对难治性精神分裂症有良好疗效,不良反应轻微.     

甲状腺功能水平与双相情感障碍相关性的对照研究

目的 探索甲状腺功能与双相情感障碍的相关性.方法 以符合美国精神疾病分类与诊断标准第4版修订本(DSM-Ⅳ-TR)的双相情感障碍诊断标准的患者59例为研究对象,并选取41名健康人作为对照,应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)分别测定所有研究对象的血清甲状腺激素水平,包括TT3、FT3、TT4、FT4及TSH.选用HAMD、HAMA及Bech-Rafaelsen躁狂量表评估患者组临床症状.结果 双相躁狂组中TT4、FT4水平明显高于对照组,FT3水平明显高于抑郁组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).双相抑郁组中TT3、FT3水平明显低于对照组,FT4水平则明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).按性别分层比较,女性双相躁狂组FT4水平与对照组相比明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);女性双相抑郁组TT3明显低于对照组或双相躁狂组,FT4明显高于对照组,FT3则明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),而男性躁狂组中仅TT4水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05).在双相抑郁患者中,HAMD总分与FT4呈负相关(r=-0.34,P=0.03).结论 双相情感障碍患者的甲状腺功能存在一定的改变,不同临床相甲状腺功能改变亦不相同,且这种变化以女性患者明显.     

重症肌无力患者胸腺手术后血清AchRab和CAEab的变化

目的：研究重症肌无力（ＭＧ）患者手术后血清乙酰胆碱受体抗体（ＡｃｈＲａｂ）与抗骨骼肌柠檬酸提取物抗体（ＣＡＥａｂ）的变化。方法：用固相酶联免疫吸附法测定血清ＡｃｈＲａｂ和ＣＡＥａｂ。结果：ＭＧ患者血清ＡｃｈＲａｂ和ＣＡＥａｂ的水平明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＡｃｈＲａｂ水平在手术后１个月开始下降（Ｐ＜０．０５）,在手术后１年下降更明显（Ｐ＜０．０１）;ＣＡＥａｂ水平在手术后１个月和６个月下降不明显（Ｐ＞０．０５）,在手术后１年下降有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。手术后１年患者血清中ＡｃｈＲａｂ和ＣＡＥａｂ水平仍高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：手术后血清ＡｃｈＲａｂ和ＣＡＥａｂ的检测有助于了解患者的病情。     

抗精神病药对血浆甲状腺激素水平的影响

目的：了解氯丙嗪、奎硫平及利培酮对甲状腺激素的影响。方法：对82例女性初发精神分裂症患者在3种药物治疗前、治疗2周及4周分别检测三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、甲状腺素(T4)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)的血浆水平，比较甲状腺激素水平。结果：3组在治疗2周T4及FT4水平有显著差异；氯丙嗪组治疗2周、4周T3、FT3水平显著下降；奎硫平组治疗2周、4周T3、FT3、FT4水平显著增加。结论：氯丙嗪可致甲状腺激素水平下降，而奎硫平可能增加，利培酮不影响。     

女性抑郁症患者血清甲状腺激素水平研究

目的:探讨女性血清甲状腺激素水平与抑郁症的关系.方法:采用免疫化学发光法对58例女性抑郁症患者及对照组40例健康女性的血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3),游离甲状腺素(FT4),促甲状腺素(75H)进行了检测.结果:女性抑郁症患者治疗前血清FP4,TSH较对照组低(P均<0.01),而FT3与对照组差异无显著性(P>0...     

A psychoeducational program for weight loss in patients who have experienced weight gain during antipsychotic treatment with olanzapine

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a psychoeducational program (PEP) for weight control in patients who had experienced an increase of body weight during treatment with olanzapine. METHODS: Eligible patients were randomised to the PEP (Group 1) or to no intervention (Group 2) and continued on olanzapine. After 12 weeks, the PEP was also started in Group 2 and continued in Group 1, up to week 24. Body weight was measured every month. Other measures included quality of life, and change in plasma glucose and lipids levels. RESULTS: Patients in Group 1 (n=15) had a mean weight loss of 3.6 kg at week 12 and 4.5 kg at week 24 (p<0.01 at both times, p<0.01 between groups at week 12), while those in Group 2 (n=18) had no changes at week 12 and a significant weight loss at week 24 (-3.6 kg from week 12, p<0.01). Changes of BMI paralleled those of body weight. Quality of life (Q-LES-Q-SF categorisation) and functioning (GAF) significantly improved in the total population at endpoint (p<0.01). No significant changes were observed in fasting glucose and lipid profile, while insulin levels significantly decreased from baseline to endpoint in both groups (p<0.05). HOMA index and hepatic insulin sensitivity improved, too. DISCUSSION: Patients with increased BMI during treatment with olanzapine experienced significant weight and BMI loss following a structured psychoeducational program.     

Short- and long-term effects on prolactin of risperidone and olanzapine treatments in children and adolescents

This study investigated prolactin levels in two groups of children and adolescents receiving risperidone (N = 29) or olanzapine (N = 13). It focused not only on significant differences but also on effect sizes; took into account dose effects and gender differences; used a longitudinal design (months 1, 3, 6 and 12) that helped control for individual differences; and took into account response differences due to the duration of antipsychotic treatment. Additionally, this study investigated tolerance development using statistical tests, and explored the effect of antipsychotic plasma concentrations at months 1 and 3.After adjusting for gender, treatment duration and individual effects, mean prolactin levels on risperidone were 4.9 ng/mL higher than on olanzapine (10.3 times higher after controlling for dosing potency). On risperidone treatment, the adjusted mean prolactin level at the 3rd month of treatment was significantly higher than at the 1st month; at the 12th month it was significantly lower than at the 1st month; the 1st and 6th months were not significantly different. On olanzapine treatment, adjusted mean prolactin levels at the 3rd and 6th months of treatment were significantly higher than at the 1st month; at the 12th month it was lower than at the 1st month, but the difference was not significant.In males, at the 3rd month, an increase of 1 ng/mL in plasma 9-hydroxyrisperidone concentrations raised prolactin levels significantly by 0.44 ng/mL. In females, independently of duration (1 or 3 months), an increase of 1 ng/mL in plasma olanzapine concentrations raised prolactin levels significantly by 2.1 ng/mL. After adjusting for dose and the greater potency of risperidone, the increase in prolactin levels during risperidone treatment appeared to be 10.3 times higher than that during olanzapine treatment. Our study showed a pattern consistent with the development of prolactin tolerance over time. Future prolactin studies in children and adolescents taking antipsychotics need to include larger samples with more frequent prolactin measures and long-term plasma concentrations.     

急性颅脑损伤后血清甲状腺素的改变及其意义

目的探讨急性颅脑损伤后血清甲状腺素水平的改变及其意义。方法应用磁性酶联免疫定量分析法检测１５６例急性颅脑损伤患者伤后２４～７２小时及存活者伤后２周的血清Ｔ３、游离Ｔ３（ＦＴ３）、Ｔ４、游离Ｆ４（ＦＴ４）及促甲状腺激素（ＴＳＨ）水平的改变,并与１００名正常对照者比较。结果伤后患者早期血清Ｔ３、ＦＴ３水平显著降低（Ｐ〈０．００１）,而Ｔ４、ＦＴ４显著升高（Ｐ〈０．０１）;颅脑损伤愈重,昏迷程度愈深,上     

The influence of olanzapine on immune cells in patients with schizophrenia

In vitro and preclinical studies show that biochemical and behavioral effects of olanzapine are quite similar to those of clozapine. In recent years, some cases of reported agranulocytosis due to olanzapine have been published. However, none of these studies compared the hematological and immune parameters before and after treatment. The present study is aimed at investigating the influence of olanzapine on the immune cell parameters by comparing these before and in the third month of olanzapine treatment in patients of schizophrenia. Twenty patients who were diagnosed as schizophrenic depending on the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria were included in the study. The immune parameters of patients were compared by measuring them before the treatment and 3 months after treatment. Immune parameters were analyzed by using flow-cytometry equipment labeled Coulter Epics Elite ESP. The positivity of cell-surface antibody was evaluated as percentage. The rates of CD8 in the third month of the treatment were considerably increased relative to pretreatment. Furthermore, rates of CD4/CD8 were significantly decreased in the third month of the treatment relative to before treatment. These findings suggest that immune impairment may occur during olanzapine treatment in patients with schizophrenia.