胎膜早破后残余羊水量与宫内感染和新生儿发病率的相关性

目的探讨胎膜早破后残余羊水量与宫内感染和新生儿发病率的相关性.方法175例胎膜早破患者在破膜后均行超声检测羊水指数(AFI),根据残余AFI将孕妇分成3组羊水过少组(AFI≤50 mm)22例、羊水量偏少组(50 mm＜AFI≤80 mm)24例、羊水量正常组(AFI＞80 mm)129例,分析胎儿宫内感染、胎儿窘迫和新生儿发病等指标在3组之间的差别.结果羊水残余量少者,破膜时孕周和分娩孕周均明显比残余量多者短,胎儿宫内感染率和新生儿发病率明显增加.胎儿窘迫的发生与羊水残余量无明显相关性,孕妇的年龄、孕次、产次、破膜后继续妊娠的时间、分娩方式和胎儿的出生体重等在3组之间无明显差别.结论胎膜早破后,羊水残余量的减少可能与宫内感染和新生儿发病率升高等有关,可作为临床监测胎儿宫内安危的指标.     

未足月胎膜早破残余羊水量对妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨未足月胎膜早破(PPROM)残余羊水指数与妊娠结局的关系。方法 2013年1月至2016年3月在陆军总医院住院分娩的单胎PPROM产妇共172例,根据羊水指数(AFI)分为残余羊水过少组(AFI≤5 cm)20例、偏少组(5 cmAFI≤8 cm)24例及正常组(8 cmAFI25 cm)128例,对其妊娠结局进行比较。结果 (1)残余羊水过少组分娩孕周及新生儿出生体重[(32.56±3.18)周,(1956.2±703.0)g]明显低于偏少组[34.15±2.35)周,(2341.7±585.7)g,P=0.007]及正常组[(34.37±2.19)周,(3440.5±605.1)g,P=0.005)],差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。(2)残余羊水过少组与偏少组、正常组相比,低出生体重儿(80.0%、58.3%、50.0%)、新生儿窒息(15.0%、0.0、2.3%)、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(10.0%、0.0、0.8%)、1 min Apgar评分≤7分(15.0%、0.0、2.3%)、产后子宫内膜炎(10.0%、0.0、0.8%)的发生率明显更高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),而残余羊水过少组、偏少组及正常组3组间剖宫产分娩(55.0%、50.0%、51.2%)、潜伏时间[(38.31±39.83)h、(32.67±45.67)h、(38.56±49.52)h]、胎儿窘迫(15.0%、8.3%、7.8%)、绒毛膜羊膜炎(5.0%、0.0、3.1%)、产后出血(10.0%、8.3%、5.5%)发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。与正常组相比,羊水量过少组新生儿窒息、低出生体重儿、1 min Apgar≤7分和新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的危险性增加(P0.05)。结论 PPROM残余羊水与妊娠结局关系密切,PPROM孕妇应严密监测残余羊水变化、感染及胎儿健康情况,适时终止妊娠。     

象限值为零在可疑羊水过少中的临床意义探讨

目的:探讨可疑羊水过少且有象限值为零(0)时的临床意义.方法:65例羊水指数(AFI)5.1～8.0 cm且有象限值为0的孕妇按AFI值分为3组;61例以剖宫产收集的羊水量,观察象限值为0的象限数与实测羊水过少的关系;自然分娩进行胎心监测、观察羊水性状及新生儿Apgar评分.结果:2个象限值为0时羊水量均＜300 ml;1个象限值为0时,AFI 6 cm组羊水过少发生率高于AFI 7 cm组,差异有统计学意义(x2=4.25,P＜0.05);AFI 5 cm组实测羊水过少发生率100%.自然分娩4例中胎心变异减速和羊水粪染各1例,1例胎儿心动过速伴羊水粪染.结论:可疑羊水过少且有2个象限值为0,或AFI＜7 cm有1个象限值为0对产前诊断羊水过少有一定的参考价值.     

远程胎监对羊水过少孕妇监测的临床应用

目的研究羊水过少孕妇行远程胎儿监护、住院监护及自数胎动的监测效果.方法根据监护系统不同,将269例羊水过少孕妇分为远程监护组(A组)、住院监护组(B组)和自数胎动组(C组),分别比较3组无应激试验(NST)结果,比较剖宫产率、围生儿结局(胎儿窘迫、羊水Ⅲ度污染、新生儿窒息率)的资料.结果C组NST反应型、无反应型发生率显著高于A、B两组(P＜0.05),A、B两组的差异无显著性(P＞0.05).C组胎儿窘迫、羊水Ⅲ度污染率、新生儿窒息率显著高于A、B两组(P＜0.05).A组剖宫产率(51.0%)显著低于B组(55.1%)和C组(65.3%)(P＜0.05).结论远程胎儿监护与住院监护同样有效,能减少过早干预,为羊水过少孕妇家庭自我监护提供了一条可行途径.     

妊娠晚期羊水指数与最大羊水暗区垂直深度预测不良妊娠预后的比较

目的比较妊娠晚期应用羊水指数(AFI)≤5cm及最大羊水暗区垂直深度(MVP)≤2cm诊断羊水过少,在预测不良妊娠预后中的价值。方法回顾性分析妊娠37~41周+6经彩超诊断羊水过少并分娩的单胎孕妇688例的临床资料。观察胎儿窘迫、羊水胎粪污染、新生儿窒息、新生儿入重症监护室(NICU)及新生儿脐血pH值。结果 AFI≤5cm组胎儿窘迫、羊水粪染、监护异常、新生儿窒息及新生儿入NICU率与MVP≤2cm组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);AFI≤5cm羊水过少孕妇中,妊娠41~41周+6组胎儿窘迫(29.0%和14.9%,P=0.01)及羊水粪染发生率(22.6%和7.9%,P=0.001)较妊娠37~40周+6组高。以MVP≤2cm为羊水过少诊断标准,得到相同的结果。结论妊娠41~41周+6孕妇以MVP≤2cm为羊水过少诊断标准,可以避免过度诊断,且不改变妊娠预后。     

羊膜腔输注药物治疗羊水过少并发胎儿窘迫的临床效果观察

目的探讨羊膜腔输液、羊水置换及羊膜腔输注碱性药物治疗胎儿窘迫酸中毒的临床效果。方法对40例羊水过少、产程中胎心监护出现胎心律异常波形、Ⅱ度以上羊水胎粪污染产妇,在持续内监护下行羊膜腔输液、羊水置换治疗,其中20例分娩前行羊膜腔输入5%NaHCO3150ml(研究组),20例分娩前行静脉注射5%NaHCO3150ml(对照组),分娩后立即抽取两组新生儿脐动脉血行血气分析,并对两组新生儿行Apgar评分比较。结果(1)羊膜腔输液治疗:两组40例产妇中胎心律异常波形消失27例(27/40,68%),胎心律异常波形明显减少8例(8/40,20%),治疗有效率为88%(35/40);无变化或加重5例(5/40,13%)。(2)羊水置换治疗:两组40例产妇平均每例羊水置换Ⅱ~Ⅲ度胎类污染羊水900ml,最少700ml,最多1200ml。经羊水置换后抽出羊水清亮者21例(21/40,53%),羊水Ⅰ度污染者13例(13/40,33%),有效率为85%(34/40);仍有羊水Ⅱ度污染6例(6/40,15%)。(3)研究组脐动脉血二氧化碳分压(PCO2)、氧分压(PO2)、碳酸氢盐(HCO3-)、剩余碱(ABE)、标准碱(SBE)等指标明显好于对照组,两组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0·05,P<0·01)。(4)研究组新生儿出生后1分钟Apgar评分平均为(9·2±1·1)分,对照组平均为(8·7±1·7)分,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0·05)。结论羊膜腔输液及羊水置换是治疗因胎儿窘迫及预防新生儿胎粪吸入综合征的有效方法,羊膜腔输注碱性药物能有效纠正胎儿酸中毒。     

羊水过少静脉输液加饮水治疗前后脐血流变化及妊娠结局

目的　探讨静脉输液加饮水在羊水过少治疗中对脐血流及妊娠结局的影响。方法　妊娠 35周前后B超诊断为羊水过少孕妇 4 5例 ,每天用能量合剂 ,生理盐水 ,林格氏液各 5 0 0ml静脉点滴 ,并适量饮水10 0 0ml,5d一个疗程 ,共 1～ 2个疗程。监测治疗前后羊水指数 (AFI)和脐血流收缩期最大血流速度 舒张期末血流速度的比值 (S D)、阻力指数 (RI)、波动指数 (PI)、快速血流比 (FVR)情况 ;观察出生后羊水污染 ,新生儿窒息 ,吸入性肺炎等指标 ;并与羊水正常组孕妇 5 0例进行比较。结果　羊水过少组治疗前后比较 ,并与羊水正常组比较 ,AFI、S D、FVR差异有统计学意义 (P <0 0 1) ,而羊水污染、新生儿窒息、吸入性肺炎等发生率无明显差异 (P >0 0 5 )。但羊水过少治疗有效组 (38例 )与治疗无效组 (7例 )比较 ,羊水污染和新生儿窒息差异明显 (P <0 0 1) ,治疗无效组胎儿宫内发育迟缓 (IUGR)占 85 7%。结论　静脉输液加适量饮水法治疗羊水过少可增加羊水量 ,降低脐血流阻力 ,改善妊娠结局 ,治疗同时应注意纠正IUGR。     

超声测量羊水指数和宫颈管长度预测未足月胎膜早破患者分娩潜伏期的价值

目的:探讨超声测量羊水指数(AFI)和宫颈管长度(CL)预测未足月胎膜早破(PPROM)患者分娩潜伏期的价值。方法:选择2009年10月至2014年10月我院收治的198例PPROM患者,入院后6h内超声检查测量AFI和CL。根据分娩潜伏期分为7日内分娩组和7日后分娩组,比较两组的病史、临床特点及超声指标,评估CL及AFI预测PPROM患者7日内分娩的特异性及敏感性。结果:(1)7日内分娩组患者破膜时伴阴道流血率、破膜时伴有宫缩率和新生儿转NICU率均高于7日后分娩组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);(2)7日内分娩组患者的AFI、CL和分娩潜伏期均小于7日后分娩组患者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);(3)CL≤2cm联合AFI≤5cm预测PPROM患者7日内分娩具有较高的敏感性及特异性(灵敏度82%,特异度51%);(4)以破膜后7日内是否分娩为应变量,经二分类logistic回归分析显示,破膜时伴阴道流血、破膜时伴有宫缩、CL≤2cm、AFI≤5cm是PPROM后7日内分娩的有效自变量(P0.05)。结论:超声测量AFI和CL对预测PPROM患者7日内是否分娩有一定价值,TVCL≤2cm联合AFI≤5cm能提高预测PPROM患者7日内分娩的敏感性及特异性。     

延期妊娠对羊水过少患者妊娠结局的影响

目的:探讨延期妊娠对羊水过少患者妊娠结局的影响.方法:选取我院2002年6月至2012年6月因羊水过少晚期妊娠的孕妇183例作为研究组(孕40+1～41+6周为研究组1,孕37～40周为研究组2),对应选取不同孕周羊水量正常孕妇183例为对照组(孕40+1～41+6周为对照组1,孕37 ～40周为对照组2),应用回顾性对照研究的方法分析各组孕产妇的临床资料,比较各组孕产妇在产前胎儿窘迫及胎盘功能、分娩方式方面的差异.结果:胎儿窘迫、胎盘钙化、剖宫产发生率比较:研究组1均高于对照组1与研究组2(P＜0.05);研究组2与对照组2以上指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).所有病例均未出现新生儿窒息.结论:在延期妊娠的羊水过少孕妇中,胎儿窘迫、胎盘钙化发生率明显增高,应积极引产,出现胎儿窘迫应以剖宫产为宜.     

经阴道羊膜腔灌注治疗单胎初产妇临产后羊水过少的母儿结局分析

目的:分析经阴道羊膜腔灌注治疗临产后羊水过少的单胎初产妇分娩结局和新生儿结局。方法:回顾性分析中国人民武装警察部队特色医学中心2015年4月—2018年3月临产后诊断为羊水过少的358例单胎初孕妇,分为行经阴道羊膜腔灌注的治疗组(166例)和未行羊膜腔灌注的对照组(192例),比较2组的分娩结局(顺产率、产钳助产率、剖宫产率、产后出血率和产褥感染率)和新生儿结局[新生儿脐动脉血pH值、脐动脉血乳酸值、出生后1 min Apgar评分、胎粪吸入综合征(MAS)发生率、入住新生儿科率]。结果:治疗组的顺产率高于对照组,产钳助产率和剖宫产率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组的产后出血率和产褥感染率与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗组的新生儿脐动脉血p H值、新生儿1 min Apgar评分高于对照组,而治疗组新生儿脐动脉血乳酸值、MAS发生率和入住新生儿科率低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:经阴道羊膜腔灌注治疗单胎初产妇临产后羊水过少是安全有效的,可以显著改善分娩结局和新生儿结局。     

Biophysical profile with amniotic fluid volume assessments

OBJECTIVE: To compare the amniotic fluid index (AFI) with the single deepest pocket technique along with the other components of the biophysical profile (BPP) in predicting an adverse pregnancy outcome. METHODS: Prospective, randomized trial of amniotic fluid assessment by AFI or single deepest pocket during a BPP. Cesarean delivery for fetal distress was the primary outcome evaluated. RESULTS: The AFI was used in 273 pregnancies and the single deepest pocket in 264. The AFI significantly increased the number of pregnancies labeled as oligohydramnios, 102 women (38%) compared with 46 women (17%; P <.001), odds ratio (OR) = 2.84, 95% confidence interval 1.90-4.25 in the single deepest pocket group. There was no difference in the number of women with oligohydramnios in the AFI group, 16 of 102 (16%), undergoing a cesarean delivery for fetal intolerance of labor compared with the single deepest pocket group, 6 of 46 (13%; P =.676). More women with normal fluid by the AFI method (AFI > 5), 20 of 170 (12%), underwent a cesarean delivery for fetal distress than the women with normal fluid by the single deepest pocket technique (2 cm x 1 cm pocket present) group, 12 of 218 (6%; P =.037, OR = 2.22, 95% confidence interval 1.05-4.70). CONCLUSION: The AFI offers no advantage in detecting adverse outcomes compared with the single deepest pocket when performed with the BPP. The AFI may cause more interventions by labeling twice as many at-risk pregnancies as having oligohydramnios than with the single deepest pocket technique.     

The calcium binding protein, S100B, is increased in the amniotic fluid of women with intra-amniotic infection/inflammation and preterm labor with intact or ruptured membranes

OBJECTIVE: S100B is produced by glia of the central and peripheral nervous systems and is considered a marker of neurologic injury in the perinatal period. Indeed, increased neonatal urine S100B concentration is associated with adverse neurological outcomes including intraventricular hemorrhage and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, while elevated adult serum concentrations are associated with infectious diseases/sepsis. The objective of this study was to determine whether amniotic fluid (AF) S100B concentrations change with advancing gestational age and intra-amniotic infection (IAI). STUDY DESIGN: S100B concentration was measured in the AF of women in midtrimester, at term, and in pregnancies with preterm labor and intact membranes (PTL) or preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), with and without IAI. Placental pathology was performed and neonatal outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: (1) AF S100B concentration did not change during gestation; (2) patients with IAI had significantly higher AF S100B concentration than those without IAI following an episode of PTL or PPROM and; (3) neonates who had morbidity/mortality had had an elevated AF S100B concentration; however, this could be explained by the association with intra-amniotic infection/inflammation. Thus, AF S100B concentration was not an independent predictor of neonatal morbidity or fetal/neonatal death. CONCLUSIONS: An elevated concentration of AF S100B may reflect intra-amniotic infection/inflammation and not necessarily fetal neurologic damage.     

B超诊断羊水偏少孕妇阴道试产196例分析

目的分析足月妊娠妇女Ｂ超检查示羊水偏少时,阴道试产对围产期结局的影响。方法应用羊水指数（ＡＦＩ）法估测羊水量,并测定脐动脉收缩期最大血流速度（Ｓ）和舒张末期血流速度（Ｄ）的比值（Ｓ／Ｄ值）及２４小时尿雌三醇与肌酐的比值,比较分析１９６例Ｂ超诊断羊水偏少者（观察组）和２００例羊水量正常的足月妊娠妇女（对照组）阴道试产后的分娩结局。结果两组新生儿重度窒息发生率和新产儿死亡率差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）,观察组急诊剖宫产率明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论Ｂ超诊断羊水偏少的足月妊娠妇女,在严密监护下可行阴道试产。     

Meconium in the amniotic fluid of pregnancies complicated by preterm premature rupture of membranes is associated with early onset neonatal sepsis

Objective: This study was to determine the significance of meconium in the amniotic fluid of pregnancies complicated by preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) without labor.Methods: A case-control study of 31 pregnancies complicated by PPROM at 27-36 weeks gestation with meconium present (study group) and 93 pregnancies complicated by PPROM but without meconium was performed. The patients were matched for year of delivery, gestational age, race, and parity. Pregnancy and neonatal outcome variables of the 2 groups were compared.Results: The incidence of early onset neonatal sepsis was significantly increased in the study group (16.1% vs. 1.1%; P < 0.001). Similarly, chorioamnionitis (48.3% vs. 22.5%; P < 0.01), cesarean delivery for a nonreassuring fetal heart rate pattern (19.4% vs. 3.2%; P < 0.01), a 5-min Apgar score < 7 (22.5% vs. 8.6%; P < 0.05), and fetal growth retardation (FGR) (12.9% vs. 2.2%; P < 0.05) were also more common in pregnancies complicated by PPROM with meconium. The mean umbilical cord arterial pH was significantly lower in these pregnancies (7.18 +/- 0.07 vs. 7.28 +/- 0.08; P < 0.001). After controlling for confounding variables with multiple logistic regression analysis, we found that meconium in the amniotic fluid remained associated with early onset neonatal sepsis.Conclusions: The presence of meconium in the amniotic fluid of pregnancies complicated by PPROM is associated with an increased incidence of early onset neonatal group B beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GBBS) sepsis.     

Relationship between meconium staining and amniotic fluid volume in term pregnancies

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to evaluate the relationship between meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MEC-AF) and amniotic fluid volume (AFV) and their impact on the risk of cesarean delivery for fetal indications in term pregnancies. METHODS: 1,655 live-born singleton gestations delivering at > or = 37 weeks within 7 days of sonographic assessment of the amniotic fluid index (AFI) were studied. AFI was categorized as: oligohydramnios (< or = 5.0 cm); decreased (5.1-8.0 cm); normal (8.1-18.0 cm); increased (18.1-23.9 cm), and polyhydramnios (> or = 24.0 cm). Frequencies of MEC-AF for each AFV category were stratified by gestational age (GA) and rates of cesarean delivery for fetal indications compared between patients with clear amniotic fluid and those with MEC-AF. Stepwise logistic regression analyses were performed for determinants of MEC-AF and the need for cesarean delivery for fetal indications. RESULTS: The frequency of MEC-AF at birth in term pregnancies was not related to AFV: oligohydramnios (16.7%); decreased (16.7%); normal (20.1%); increased (24.4%), and polyhydramnios (22.1%). The only factor associated with the occurrence of MEC-AF was increasing GA at delivery (p < 0.01). Both MEC-AF (p < 0.02) and decreasing neonatal ponderal index (p < 0.02) were independently associated with cesarean delivery for fetal distress. CONCLUSIONS: MEC-AF does not appear to be related to AFV in term pregnancies, and its presence increases the risk of cesarean delivery for fetal distress independent of AFV and neonatal ponderal index.     

Perinatal outcomes in pregnancies with oligohydramnios after preterm premature rupture of membranes

Objective: Our purpose was to determine whether singleton pregnancies complicated by preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and oligohydramnios are at an increased risk of having maternal and neonatal morbidity.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 389 women with PPROM between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation in a single tertiary center during 2008–2014. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of amniotic fluid index (AFI)?n?=?188) or AFI?≥?5?cm (n?=?201). Perinatal outcomes were compared according to amniotic fluid volume. The Student's t-test and Mann–Whitney U test were used to compare variables with normal and abnormal distribution, respectively. Categorical variables were examined by the chi-square test.

Results: Patients with an AFI?p?p?=?0.029) and emergency cesarean delivery (p?=?0.043) and a lower neonatal Apgar score at first minute (p?=?0.004).

Conclusion: Initial oligohydramnios after PPROM is associated with shorter latency to delivery, higher rate of clinical chorioamnionitis, higher rate of emergency cesarean delivery, and lower 1-min Apgar score.     

Induction of labor and perinatal outcome: the impact of the amniotic fluid index

OBJECTIVE: The purpose was to determine the impact of the amniotic fluid index on the perinatal outcome of patients admitted for induction of labor at term. STUDY DESIGN: Patients (n=180) included in the study were those admitted for induction of labor at 37-42 weeks' gestation, with unfavorable cervix and intact membranes. The amniotic fluid index (AFI) was determined in all patients using the four-quadrant technique within 24 h of the induction of labor. Patients were divided into two groups based on their AFI: the oligohydramnios group with AFI < or = 5 cm (n = 66) and a normal group with AFI > 5 cm (n = 114). The perinatal outcomes of the two groups were compared. RESULTS: The two groups were similar with regard to maternal age, gestational age, and birth weight. Meconium staining of the amniotic fluid was significantly higher in the group with AFI < or = 5 cm (p = 0.040). The number of cesarean deliveries due to fetal distress was significantly higher even after adjusting for other confounding factors in the group with AFI < or = 5 cm (adjusted OR 6.52 [95% CI 1.82, 23.2]; p < or = 0.0001). There was no significant difference between the two groups with regard to Apgar scores or neonatal admission. CONCLUSION: Induction of labor at term in patients with oligohydramnios is associated with an increased risk of cesarean delivery due to fetal distress.     

妊娠晚期缺铁性贫血对妊娠结局的影响

目的：探讨妊娠晚期缺铁性贫血对产妇和新生儿的影响,提出相应预防措施。方法：按照2013年《妇产科学》第8版对妊娠期缺铁性贫血诊断的最新分类,回顾性分析421例妊娠晚期缺铁性贫血患者（其中轻度贫血组368例,重度贫血组53例）和同期入院的正常产妇（对照组500例）。对比分析3组研究对象的产后出血率、剖宫产率、产钳助产率、羊水过少发生率、羊水污染率、胎儿窘迫率、新生儿窒息率、低体质量儿出生率。结果：重度贫血组产后出血率、剖宫产率、羊水污染率、胎儿窘迫率、新生儿窒息发生率,低体质量儿出生率高于轻度贫血组和对照组（均P＜0.05）。轻度贫血组羊水污染发生率,胎儿窘迫率,低体质量儿出生率高于对照组（均P＜0.05）。3组患者产钳助产率和羊水过少发生率差异无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。结论：妊娠期缺铁性贫血对产科妊娠结局有不良影响,应加强妊娠期贫血的防治。     

Amniotic fluid tumor necrosis factor-alpha is a marker for the prediction of early-onset neonatal sepsis in preterm labor

BACKGROUND: Our purpose was to determine whether amniotic fluid concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha are of value in the prediction of early-onset neonatal sepsis (proven or suspected) in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes. METHODS: The relationship between amniotic fluid tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentrations and early-onset neonatal sepsis was examined in 59 consecutive patients with preterm labor and intact membranes who delivered preterm neonates within 72 h after transabdominal amniocentesis. Early-onset neonatal sepsis was defined either as the presence of a positive blood culture or as suspected sepsis within 72 h of delivery. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS: Patients delivering neonates with early-onset neonatal sepsis had significantly higher median amniotic fluid TNF-alpha concentrations than patients delivering neonates without early-onset neonatal sepsis (p < 0.0005). An amniotic fluid tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentration > or =41 pg/ml had a sensitivity of 82% (23/29) and specificity of 79% (38/48) in the prediction of early-onset neonatal sepsis. Multiple logistic regression indicated that elevated amniotic fluid tumor necrosis factor-alpha (> or =41 pg/ml) was the only independent predictor of early-onset neonatal sepsis (odds ratio 12.9, 95% confidence interval 1.3-125.3, p=0.01) after correction for known confounding variables. CONCLUSIONS: (1) Amniotic fluid tumor necrosis factor-alpha is a marker for the prediction of early-onset neonatal sepsis in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes. (2) Amniotic fluid tumor necrosis factor-alpha is a better independent predictor of early-onset neonatal sepsis than placental histologic finding or amniotic fluid culture.     

羊水过少117例临床分析

目的　探讨羊水过少的病因及其相关因素 ,寻找正确的处理方法 ,降低围生儿病死率。方法　对羊水过少 117例临床资料进行分析。结果　羊水过少高发于 40周后 ;B超对羊水量的估计准确率可达 95 % ;羊水过少出现最多的妊娠并发症为妊高征和胎儿宫内生长迟缓 (IUGR) ;羊水过少脐带缠绕及脐带过短发生率明显高于对照组 ,有显著差异 (P <0 0 1) ;羊水量越少 ,羊水粪染率及胎儿窘迫发生率越高 ,羊水过少组新生儿窒息率明显高于对照组。结论　羊水过少确诊后适时以剖宫产结束分娩为宜。