重症肌无力患者HLA－DRB_1等位基因分析

作者应用ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＰ方法，对３４例重症肌无力（ＭＧ）患者和８６名健康汉人ＨＬＡ－ＤＲＢ１等位基因进行分析、研究，结果发现，ＭＧ病人组ＭＲＢ１区域内０９０１、１３０１两对等位基因的频率明显高于对照组（ＲＲ分别为１６．９４４和５．５１２，Ｐ均＜０．０１）。其中８例伴有胸腺瘤的ＭＧ患者除０９０１、１３０１两对等位基因频率增高外，０４０１基因频率亦明显高于正常对照组（ＲＲ分别为３９．５０３、４．９８０和４．０００．Ｐ均＜０．０１）。作者认为，ＭＧ发病可能与ＨＬＡ－ＤＲＢ１区域内０９０１、１３０１和０４０１三对等住基因相关联。     

HLA-DQβ遗传多态与重症肌无力的易患性

目的探讨ＨＬＡＤＱβ对重症肌无力（ＭＧ）的遗传易患性。方法采用聚合酶链反应限制片段长度多态性（ＰＣＲＲＦＬＰ）法对３５例ＭＧ患者及５０名健康对照ＨＬＡＤＱβ链对应的ＨＬＡＤＱＢ１基因进行分型，并对患者组和健康对照组的ＤＱＢ１各等位基因频率和ＤＱβ氨基酸序列进行比较分析。结果ＤＱＢ１０２０１和ＤＱＢ１０３０２的频率在患者组中升高，其中两组的ＤＱＢ１０３０２的频率差异具有显著性意义（ＲＲ＝４．４１，Ｐ＜０．０５）；ＨＬＡＤＱβ氨基端５７位的丙氨酸在患者组中显著升高（ＲＲ＝５．１０，Ｐ＜０．００５），在伴有胸腺瘤的ＭＧ患者中差异更显著（ＲＲ＝５７．８８，Ｐ＜０．００１）。结论ＨＬＡＤＱβ５７位的丙氨酸表现对中国人ＭＧ的易患性，特别是在伴有胸腺瘤的ＭＧ患者。这种易患性的遗传基础为非极性的疏水氨基酸丙氨酸替换了带负电荷的极性氨基酸天冬氨酸。     

阿尔茨海默病患者早老素-1基因内含子多态性分布的研究

目的 探讨早老素－１（ＰＳ－１）基因第８外显子３’端内含子等位基因多态性在散发性阿尔茨海默病（ＳＡＤ）发病机制中的作用。方法 应用聚合酶链反应－限制性片段长度多态性（ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ）方法检测７５例ＳＡＤ患者（ＳＡＤ组）和７３例正常老年人（对照组）的ＰＳ－１基因第８外显子３’端内含子等位基因多态性分布。结果 ＳＡＤ组１等位基因频率明显高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１,ＲＲ＝１．８３）,２等位基因频率明显低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１,ＲＲ＝０．５５）;ＳＡＤ组２／２基因型频率低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５,ＲＲ＝０．３２）。结论 ＰＳ－１基因多态性与ＳＡＤ发病有关,ＳＡＤ发病与ＰＳ－１基因２等位基因呈明显负关联,与１等位基因呈明显正关联。ＰＳ－１基因２等位基因对ＳＡＤ发病可能有保护作用,１等位基因可能是ＳＡＤ发病的危险因素之一。     

家族性重症肌无力患者的临床及遗传学研究

目的研究家族性重症肌无力（ＭＧ）患者的临床和免疫学特征与非家族性患者的异同,并分析家系患者的遗传学特性,试图解释家族发病的机制。方法对诊治１１２例家族性重症肌无力的临床特征、免疫学特征及ＨＬＡ－Ⅱ、Ⅲ类抗原基因分型进行了研究及家系分析。结果本组患者的临床及免疫学特征与散发性病例基本相同,其遗传方式基本符合Ｍｅｎｄｅｌ常染色体遗传,可能为显型或隐性遗传,其中２个家系呈典型显型遗传。ＨＬＡ基因分型发现补体Ｃ４Ａ＊４、补体型Ｓ４２及ＤＲＢ１等位基因中的０９０１和１３０１两对等位基因与ＭＧ相关。结论遗传缺陷与环境因素相互作用导致了重症肌无力。     

人类白细胞抗原DRB1基因与多发性硬化遗传易患性研究

目的　分析多发性硬化遗传易患的分子免疫遗传背景。方法　采用聚合酶链反应序列特异性引物（ＰＣＲＳＳＰ） 联合技术对４５ 例病例组和１０５ 例正常对照组人类白细胞抗原ＤＲＢ１ 基因（ＨＬＡＤＲＢ１） 进行基因分型。结果　病例组ＨＬＡＤＲ２ 基因频率高于正常对照组，优势比为３．３２１ ，有统计学意义（ Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。结论　ＨＬＡＤＲ２ 基因与多发性硬化遗传易患相关联，提示可能还存在保护性基因。     

广西壮族重症肌无力病人HLA-DPB1等位基因遗传易患性研究

重症肌无力（ＭＧ）病人种族与人类白细胞抗原（ＨＬＡ）关系的研究多年来受到各国学者的重视。但至今未见壮族ＭＧ病人与ＨＬＡＤＰＢ１等位基因的相关性研究报道，我们对此进行了研究。资料和方法：ＭＧ组均为广西医科大学第一附属医院神经科门诊和住院病人，均根据病...     

载脂蛋白B基因信号肽插入／缺失多态性与动脉粥样硬化性脑梗塞关系的研究

应用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术检测了４０例动脉粥样硬化性脑梗塞（ＡＣＩ）患者和４２名正常人ａｐｏＢ基因信号肽插入／缺失（Ｉｎｓ／Ｄｅｌ）长度多态性。结果ＡＣＩ组中Ｉｎｓ等位基因频率为０．８５，高于对照组的０．７４，但差别无显著性。正常对照组ＩＤ＋ＤＤ基因型个体其Ｔ－ｃｈ、ＬＤＬ－ｃｈ水平，ＡＣＩ组ＩＤ基因型个体ＬＤＬ－ｃｈ水平均明显高于相应的Ⅱ型个体。本研究结果表明ａｐｏ－Ｂ基因信号肽插入／缺失多态性单独可能并不能作为中国汉族人群ＡＣＩ易感个体的遗传标记。     

阿欠茨海默病的Aβ表达与APOE,PS1基因的相关分析

目的 研究阿尔茨海默病的ＡＰＰ基因中Ａβ表达量与载脂蛋白Ｅ（ＡＰＯＥ）基因和早老素１（ＰＳ１）基因间相互关系。方法 应用竞争ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ技术,测定５２例ＡＤ患者,２８例血管性痴呆（ＶＤ）患者及６０名健康老人的外周单核血细胞中Ａβ相对半定量表达量,以及采用ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ方法检测所有研究对象的ＡＰＯＥ基因和ＰＳ１基因的多态性分布。疾病诊断按ＤＳＭⅢ－Ｒ标准。结果 ＡＰＯＥε４等位基因和ＰＳ１的各种     

α1-抗糜蛋白酶基因、早老素1基因 与阿尔茨海默病的相关分析

目的探讨中国汉族人中α１抗糜蛋白酶（ＡＡＣＴ）基因、早老素１（ＰＳ１）基因多态性与阿尔茨海默病（Ａｌｚｈｅｉｍｅｒｓｄｉｓｅａｓｅ,ＡＤ）的相关情况。方法应用ＰＣＲＲＦＬＰ方法,在１２３例患者和１４０例正常人中观察ＡＡＣＴ信号肽和ＰＳ１基因多态性的分布,进行关联分析。结果１ＡＤ患者与ＰＳ１基因等位基因１正关联,与等位基因２和基因型２／２负关联,但与１／１基因型无关;２ＡＡＣＴ信号肽基因多态性与ＡＤ无关联;３在三种ＰＳ１基因型中,ＡＡＣＴ信号肽基因多态性与ＡＤ均无关;４在ＡＡＣＴ基因ＡＡ、ＴＴ基因型中,ＰＳ１基因多态性与ＡＤ负关联,而ＴＡ型中ＰＳ１基因与ＡＤ无显著相关。结论中国人群中,ＡＤ与ＰＳ１基因２／２型负关联,而与ＡＡＣＴ信号肽基因多态性无关;ＡＡＣＴ信号肽和ＰＳ１基因多态性之间也无明显的相互影响。     

脑卒中患者RBC—GSH及P—MDA含量的变化

对５４例脑卒中患者的红细胞，还原型谷胱甘肽及血浆丙二醛含量变化进行动态观测，结果表明：发病７２小时内ＲＢＣ－ＧＳＨ明显降低，Ｐ－ＭＤＡ明显增高，出血与梗塞组间无显著性差异，ＲＢＣ－ＧＳＨ第７天出现回升，而Ｐ－ＭＤＡ仍显著增高，两者在恢复期均正常，此改变的病理基础可能是体内的自由基反应。     

重症肌无力患者外周血FOXP3、TGF-B1的变化及其与血清AChR抗体的关系

目的 探讨重症肌无力(MG)患者外周血叉头样转录因子P3(FOXP3)、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)及乙酰胆碱受体抗体(AChR-Ab)三者之间的关系,揭示MG的发病机制.方法 利用RT-PCR技术检测41例MG患者和20例体检健康者外周血单个核细胞FOXP3 mRNA的表达,ELISA技术检测外周血清TGF-β1浓度、抗AChR抗体水平,分析三者之间的关系.结果 (1)FOXP3 mRNA的表达水平在MG患者组明显低于正常对照组(P<0.01),在25例眼肌型患者与16例全身型患者中的表达无差异性(P>0.05);(2)MG患者组外周血清TGF-β1浓度在MG患者组明显低于正常对照组(P<0.01),但在25例眼肌型患者与16例全身型患者中的表达无差异性(P>0.05);(3)41例MG患者中有30例患者血清中可检测出IgG型AChR抗体,其中眼肌型18例,全身型12例,两亚型的AChR抗体阳性率和抗体水平无显著差异(P>0.05);(4)各组外周静脉血单个核细胞FOXP3 mRNA的表达与血清TGF-β1浓度成正相关,相关系数为0.84(P<0.01);与lgG型AChR抗体水平呈负相关,相关系数为-0.77(P<0.01);血清TGF-β1浓度与IgG型AChR抗体水平呈负相关,-0.81(P<0.01).结论 FOXP3 mR-NA、TGF-B1低表达可能通过增加AChR抗体的产生,在MG的发病中起到重要作用.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the further pathogenesis of MG,the correlations among the expression of FOXP3 in peripheral blood mononuelear cells(PBMNCs) ,and the levels of TGF-β1 and anti-AChR bodies in serum of MG were analyzed. Methods The expressions of FOXP3 mRNA in PBMNCs from 40 MG patients and 20 healthy controls were detected by RT-PCR and the levels of TGF-β1 and anti-AChR antibodies in serum of MG group and HC were tested by ELISA,furthermore the relationships among them we analyzed. Results (1) The relative expression of FOXP3 mRNA in PBMNCs were significant lower in MG patiens group than that of health control group( P < 0. 01 ) ,while there is no different between 25 ocular MG patients and 16 general MG patients ( P > 0.05 ) ; ( 2 ) The levels of TGF-β1 in serum were significant lower in MG patients group than that of health control group(P <0. 01 ) ,while there is no different between 25 ocular MG patients and 16 general MG patients ( P > 0. 05 ) ; ( 3 ) From 41 MG patients, serum anti-AChR-IgG could detected in 30 patient including 18 ocular MG and 12 general M G, there are no different of the anti-AChR-IgG positive rate and coneentation between ocular MG subgroup and general MG subgroup ; (4) Relative expression of FOXP3 mRNA in PBMNCs was positive correlation with the level of TGF-β1 in serum of each group r = 0.84 ( P < 0. 01 ) , and negitive correlation with level of anti-AChR-IgG in serum of MG group r = -0.77(P <0.01 ) ;And in serum of MG group,the level of TGF-β1 was negatively correlation with the level of anti-AChR-IgG r = - 0.81( P < 0.01 ) . Conclusions Lower expression of FOXP3 mRNA in PBMNCs and TGF-β1 in peripheral blood may lead to more anti-AChR antibodies that cause MG.     

重症肌无力患者血清干扰素-α抗体的检测意义

目的研究重症肌无力（MG）患者外周血中干扰素α抗体（IFN-αAb）的含量,并探讨其与MG的关系。方法采用ELISA法测定60例MG患者、20例正常对照组（NC）及20例非MG其他神经系统疾病患者（OND）血清中IFN-αAb。结果 发现伴胸腺瘤的重症肌无力患者（MGT）血清中IFN-αAb阳性率为75%,明显高于不伴胸腺瘤的重症肌无力患者（NTMG,11.5%）及对照组（P〈0.05）;晚发型MG者IFN-αAb阳性率为29.41%,明显高于早发型MG患者7.69%（P〈0.05）。结论 伴胸腺瘤的MG患者及晚发型MG患者外周血中IFN-αAb表达增高。     

晚发型重症肌无力临床研究

目的探讨晚发型重症肌无力(Myasthenia gravis,MG)患者的临床特点。方法回顾性研究40例晚发型MG的临床特点并与早发型MG比较。结果晚发型MG患者男/女比例高于早发型MG,为1.22:1。晚发型MG的症状由眼肌受累演变至全身症状(占67.5%)显著高于早发型MG(占38.7%)。晚发型MG的肌无力程度较早发型MG肌无力程度严重,而且血清乙酰胆碱受体(acetylcholine receptor,AchR)抗体阳性率及抗体水平均显著低于早发型MG低,但Titin抗体阳性率及抗体水平却显著高于早发型MG。胆碱酯酶抑制剂对晚发型MG的疗效不如早发型MG。结论晚发型MG是一个免疫异质性的MG亚群,它的临床表现以及血清免疫学特点不同于早发型MG。     

偏头痛患者5-羟色胺2A受体启动子区T102C基因多态性的研究

目的 探讨5-羟色胺2A受体(5-HT2AR)基因T102C多态性与哈尔滨地区汉族人偏头痛的关系.方法 应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法,检测204例偏头痛患者及186例健康对照者5-HT2AR基因启动子区域T102C多态性.结果 偏头痛患者中T/T,T/C,C/C分布为29.9%,53.9%和16.2%,正常对照中T/T,T/C,C/C分布为35.0%,48.9%和16.1%,两组间无显著性差异(P>0.05).偏头痛患者的等位基因频率为102T 56.9%,102C 43.1%,正常对照组为102T 59.4%,102C 40.6%,两组间无显著性差异(P>0.05).结论 5-HT2AR基因启动子区域T102C基因多态性与哈尔滨地区汉族人偏头痛的发生无相关性.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the association between 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR) promoter T102C gene polymorphism and migraine in Han nationality, Harbin. Methods Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP)analysis were applied to determine the genotypes at the promoter 102 of 5-HT2AR gene in 204 migraine patients and 186 controls. The genotype distribution and allele frequencies among different groups were compared. Results The genotype T/T,T/C,C/C distribution of the 5-HT2AR were 29.9% ,53.9% and 16.2% in migraine patients,and were 35.0% ,48.9% and 16.1% in controls (P > 0.05). The allele frequencies of 5-HT2AR in migraine patients were 56.9% for 102T,43.1% for 102C,and 59.4% for 102T,40.6% for 102C in controls (P > 0.05 ).Conclusion The polymorphism of 5-HT2AR promoter T102C gene was not significantly associated with migraine among Han nationality,in Harbin, China.     

Association between HLA-DRB1 and myasthenia gravis in a northern Han Chinese population

The cause of myasthenia gravis (MG) is unknown, but it is widely believed to be an autoimmune disease occurring in genetically susceptible individuals. The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region is considered to be the most important genetic region for MG susceptibility genes. To investigate the association between HLA-DRB1 and myasthenia gravis (MG) in a northern Han Chinese population, a polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe hybridization method was used to determine the HLA-DRB1 genotypes of 91 patients with MG and 171 healthy individuals. We found that the HLA-DRB1^∗09 allele was significantly more prevalent among patients with MG than among healthy controls, especially those who experienced early onset of the disease (?40 years), those who were seronegative for acetylcholine receptor antibody, and those with ocular MG. The prevalence of the HLA-DRB1^∗08 allele was significantly lower among patients with MG than among controls. These results indicate that HLA-DRB1^∗09 might be positively associated and DRB1^∗08 negatively associated with MG in the northern Han Chinese population.     

HLA-dPB1*0501 is not uniquely associated with opticospinal multiple sclerosis in Japanese patients. Important role of DPB1*0301

Apart from its unique lesion distribution pattern, the opticospinal form of multiple sclerosis (OSMS) is distinct among Japanese patients who satisfy the diagnostic criteria of MS. OSMS has been suggested to be strongly associated with HLA-DPB1*0501 in Japanese. However, association of DPB1*0301 with non-OSMS and lack of DPB1*0301 in OSMS were also reported. To verify the role of DPB1*0501 and DPB1*0301 in Japanese MS patients we determined the frequencies of these alleles in 26 patients with OSMS, 167 with non-OSMS and 156 normal subjects, who were all residents of Hokkaido, the northernmost island of Japan. All (100%) OSMS were negative for DPB1*0301 while 32 (19%) of the non-OSMS were positive for the allele. In DPB1*0301-negatives, the frequencies of DPB1*0501 in OSMS (85%) and non-OSMS (82%) were similar, but both were higher than in the controls (66%). In DPB1*0301-positives, the frequency of DPB1*0501 was low but similar in non-OSMS (12/32; 38%) and controls (6/14; 43%). Periventricular white matter lesions (PVL) were noted in 31 of 32 (97%) DPB1*0301-positive non-OSMS patients but in only 22 out of 135 (16%) DPB1*0301-negative non-OSMS patients and two out of 26 (8%) OSMS patients. Our findings indicate that DPB1*0501 plays an important role in the development of MS in general, but not in OSMS. The strong association of DPB1*0501 with OSMS may be due to the over-representation of the DPB1*0301 allele among individuals in the non-OSMS group. In addition, DPB1*0301 might be relevant to the development of periventricular lesions in Japanese patients with MS.     

颅内动脉狭窄与HLA-DQA1、DQB1基因多态性关系研究

目的 探讨白细胞抗原(HLA)-DQA1、DQB1基因多态性与颅内动脉狭窄的关系.方法 运用聚合酶链反应-序列特异性引物(PCR-SSP)方法 对自2006年7月至2007年3月天津医科大学总医院神经内科收治的15例缺血性卒中伴颅内动脉中重度狭窄患者(简称狭窄组)、49例缺血性卒中且无动脉狭窄患者(简称无狭窄组)和52例健康体检者(对照组)进行HLA-DQA1和DQB1基因多态性分型. 结果 狭窄组DQA1*0501和DQB1*0501出现频率增高,与其它2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而无狭窄组与对照组相比,DQA1*0301和DQB1*0301频率增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05). 结论 DQA1*0501和DQB1*0501是缺血性卒中伴颅内动脉狭窄易感基因,DQA1*0301和DQB1*0301为缺血性卒中易感因素.     

Clinical and immunological differences between early and late-onset myasthenia gravis in Japan

Immunological characteristics of myasthenia gravis (MG) with late-onset have not been fully elucidated. We examined several autoantibodies and HLA-DRB1 genotyping in 260 Japanese MG patients. Sixty-two MG patients had thymoma. The others were divided into early-onset and late-onset groups separated by an age of 50 years. The ocular form was more frequent in late-onset compared to early-onset group. Seropositivity of anti-muscle-specific tyrosine kinase antibody was 2-3% in acetylcholine receptor-seronegative patients. HLA-DRB1 genotyping failed to detect statistical differences in specific alleles between each group and healthy controls. The immunological profiles in late-onset MG were different from early-onset in Japan.     

Differences in clinical and genetic characteristics between early-and late-onset narcolepsy in a Han Chinese cohort

Early-and late-onset narcolepsy constitutes two distinct diagnostic subgroups.However,it is not clear whether symptomology and genetic risk factors differ between early-and late-onset narcoleptics.This study compared clinical data and single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)between early-and late-onset patients in a large cohort of 899 Han Chinese narcolepsy patients.Blood,cerebrospinal fluid,and clinical data were prospectively collected from patients,and patients were genotyped for 40 previously reported narcolepsy risk-conferring SNPs.Genetic risk scores(GRSs),associations of five different sets of SNPs(GRS1–GRS5)with early-and late-onset narcolepsy,were evaluated using logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curves.Mean sleep latency was significantly shorter in early-onset cases than in late-onset cases.Symptom severity was greater among late-onset patients,with higher rates of sleep paralysis,hypnagogic hallucinations,health-related quality of life impairment,and concurrent presentation with four or more symptoms.Hypocretin levels did not differ significantly between early-and late-onset cases.Only rs3181077(CCR1/CCR3)and rs9274477(HLA-DQB1)were more prevalent among early-onset cases.Only GRS1(26 SNPs;OR=1.513,95%CI:0.893–2.585;P<0.05)and GRS5(6 SNPs;OR=1.893,95%CI:1.204–2.993;P<0.05)were associated with early-onset narcolepsy,with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.731 and 0.732,respectively.Neither GRS1 nor GRS5 included SNPs in HLA regions.Our results indicate that symptomology and genetic risk factors differ between early-and late-onset narcolepsy.This protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board(IRB)Panels on Medical Human Subjects at Peking University People’s Hospital,China(approval No.Yuanlunshenlinyi 86)in October 2011.     

Th22细胞及相关因子在重症肌无力患者外周血中的表达

目的研究重症肌无力(myasthenia gravis,MG)患者外周血辅助性T细胞22(T helper 22cells,Th22)和白细胞介素-22(interleukin-22,IL-22)的表达以及两者间的相关性。方法收集25例MG患者和24例健康对照者,其中眼肌型重症肌无力(ocular myasthenia gravis,OMG)患者14例,全身型重症肌无力(general myasthenia gravis,GMG)患者11例。采用流式细胞仪检测MG患者和健康对照者外周血单个核细胞(peripheral blood mononuclear cells,PBMC)中Th22细胞的比例,采用酶联免疫吸附实验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测血浆IL-22的表达。比较各组间Th22细胞比例和IL-22表达水平差异,以及Th22细胞比例和IL-22表达间的相关性。结果 MG患者PBMC中Th22细胞比例、血浆IL-22表达水平均显著低于健康对照组[(0.60±0.07)%比(0.92±0.09)%,P0.01;(18.65±1.38)pg/mL比(24.54±1.85)pg/mL,P0.05];OMG与GMG患者间Th22细胞比例、IL-22表达水平均无统计学差异(均P0.05);MG患者PBMC中Th22细胞比例与IL-22表达水平间呈中度正相关(r=0.59,P0.01)。结论 MG患者体内Th22细胞比例及血浆IL-22表达水平减低可能导致免疫功能紊乱进而影响MG的发病。