溃疡性结肠炎患者血C反应蛋白活性与尿白蛋白含量的变化及其临床意义

目的　探讨血C反应蛋白 (CRP)活性与尿白蛋白 (AU )含量在溃疡性结肠炎 (UC)患者病情活动性与严重性评价中的意义。方法　采用试剂盒与免疫散射比浊法检测 2 5例缓解期UC患者、3 2例活动期UC患者及 3 0例对照组的血浆CRP活性及AU含量 ,并对活动期患者行肠镜及病理组织学检查 ,评价病情轻重程度。结果　活动期患者组血CRP活性和AU含量显著高于缓解期组和对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ,且二者与UC病情活动性、病情分型均呈显著正相关 ,与内镜表现分级呈中度正相关 ,与病理组织学分级无相关性。结论　血CRP活性和AU含量可作为评价UC患者病情活动性及严重程度的良好指标     

不稳定型心绞痛患者抗凝治疗前后血浆组织因子途径抑制物含量和活性变化

目的 :探讨不稳定型心绞痛 (UA)患者使用低分子量肝素 (LMWH)抗凝治疗前后血浆组织因子途径抑制物 (TFPI)含量和活性的变化及临床意义。方法 :采用ELISA法测定 5 1例UA患者血浆组织因子 (TF)、TFPI含量 ,采用发色底物法同时测定TF、TFPI活性 ,并与 2 2例正常人 (对照组 )比较。 5 1例UA患者又分为LMWH组 32例 ,用LMWH加常规治疗 5d后复查TFPI含量和活性 ;常规组 19例 ,用常规治疗 5d后复查上述指标。结果 :①UA组血浆TF含量和活性均较对照组明显升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;血浆TFPI含量较对照组明显降低(P <0 .0 5 ) ;TFPI活性较对照组明显升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。②LMWH组TFPI含量治疗后较治疗前明显升高 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,TFPI活性治疗前后无明显变化 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,常规组TFPI含量和活性均无明显变化 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :UA患者存在异常激活的高凝状态 ,LMWH有独特的TFPI释放特性 ,并通过TFPI途径发挥抗凝作用     

溃疡性结肠炎患者外周血中性粒细胞凋亡与粘附分子水平的关系及意义

目的　探讨溃疡性结肠炎 (U C)患者外周血中性粒细胞 (PMN)凋亡机制。方法　采用流式细胞术检测 32例 UC患者外周血 PMN凋亡 ,EL ISA法检测 P-选择素 (P- sel)和细胞间粘附分子 - 1(ICAM- 1)的水平。结果　活动期 UC患者 PMN凋亡率明显低于对照组和缓解期 UC患者 (P<0 .0 1)。不同病情活动期 U C患者 PMN凋亡有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 1)。活动期 UC患者外周血中 P- sel和 ICAM- 1水平均高于对照组和缓解期 U C患者(P<0 .0 1或 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,且与 PMN凋亡呈负相关 (r值分别为 - 0 .72 38和 - 0 .5 2 13,P均 <0 .0 1) ,与病情呈正相关。结论　各种免疫细胞粘附分子表达上调可能是导致 UC患者 PMN凋亡延迟的重要机制     

维生素E对组织因子及其抑制物在冠心病中的干预作用

目的 :探讨冠心病 (CHD)的不同类型中血浆组织因子 (TF)及其抑制物 (TFPI)含量的差异变化及维生素E对急性心肌梗死 (AMI)干预作用。方法 :用ELISA方法检测CHD患者 [包括稳定型心绞痛 (SAP)、不稳定型心绞痛 (UAP)、AMI]入院时及治疗 2周时血浆TF、TFPI含量。结果 :①SAP组血浆TF、TFPI水平及TF/TF PI比值均高于正常对照组 ,但差异无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,且治疗前后无明显变化 (P >0 .0 5 )。②UAP组、AMI组血浆TF、TFPI水平及TF/TFPI比值明显高于正常对照组 ,差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1) ,但两组常规治疗前后差异无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。③AMI加维生素E组干预治疗后TF值显著下降 (P <0 .0 1) ,与正常对照组比较差异无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,TFPI干预治疗后无明显变化 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,而TF/TFPI比值明显降低 (P <0 .0 1)。④各组TF与TFPI呈明显正相关 (P<0 .0 5 ,r=0 .4 32 )。结论 :TF及TFPI在CHD尤其是急性冠状动脉综合征的发生中起重要作用 ,维生素E的干预显著降低患者血浆TF水平 ,降低TF/TFPI比值而对TFPI无影响。     

组织因子及其抑制物在急性冠脉综合征中的作用研究

探讨急性冠脉综合征发生中血浆组织因子 (TF)及其抑制物 (TFPI)含量的动态变化及其血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂 (ACEI)captopril干预治疗的作用。用ELISA方法检测急性心肌梗塞 (AMI)不稳定心绞痛(UA)患者入院后即刻、第 1天、2天、3天、1周、2周、3周不同时间点血浆TF及TFPI的含量。 1 50例AMI患者中 ,AMI用ACEI干预治疗 (AMI +ACEI组 ) 2 5例 ,常规治疗组 (AMI组 ) 2 5例 ,UA组 2 8例 ,血浆TF、TFPI水平均明显高于正常对照组 (P <0 0 0 1)。AMI+ACEI组血浆TF水平发病后第 3天开始下降 ,于 2周时间点明显下降 ,同AMI组及UA组比较有显著的差异 (P <0 0 0 1)而较对照组比较差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5) ,AMI +ACEI组TFPI含量无明显下降 ,持续稳定在较高水平。 2 TF与TFPI呈正相关 (P <0 .0 1) (r=0 549)。组织因子及其抑制物在急性冠脉综合征中起重要作用。ACEI药物降低血浆TF水平对TFPI无影响 ,降低TF/TFPI比值     

溃疡性结肠炎患者血小板α颗粒膜蛋白和血小板平均容积检测及临床意义

目的 探讨血小板α颗粒膜蛋白（GMP-140）和血小板平均容积（MPV）在溃疡性结肠炎（UC）发生发展中的作用。方法 检测67例UC患者（观察组）及30例健康人（对照组）血清GMP-140水平和MPV,分析两者与UC病情的相关性。结果 观察组GMP-140水平明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）,活动期患者明显高于缓解期患者（P〈0．05）;观察组MPV明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）,活动期患者明显低于缓解期患者（P〈0．05）;UC病情为重度、中度患者GMP-140水平明显高于轻度者（P〈0．05）、重度者明显高于中度者（P〈0．05）;重度、中度患者MPV明显低于轻度组（P〈0．05）、重度者明显低于中度者（P〈0．05）。结论 GMP-140和MPV可反映UC的病情活动性及严重程度。     

老年原发性肾病综合征患者血、尿内皮素的变化

目的　探讨血、尿内皮素在老年原发性肾病综合征 (PNS)患者中的变化及临床意义。　方法　采用放射免疫法对健康老年、非老年人 (对照组 )和不同病期老年、非老年PNS患者的血、尿内皮素含量进行测定 ,并对老年PNS患者血、尿内皮素水平与血肌酐 (Scr)、内生肌酐清除率 (Ccr)、2 4h尿蛋白定量、尿视黄醇结合蛋白 (uRBP)等指标进行分析。　结果　老年PNS活动期组血、尿内皮素含量分别为 (2 2 9± 81)ng/L、(14 3± 5 8)ng/ 2 4h ,显著高于缓解期组的 (6 0± 11)ng/L、(5 3± 13)ng/2 4h及老年对照组的 (5 3± 9)ng/L、(5 0± 14 )ng/ 2 4h(均为P <0 0 1) ,而缓解期组与老年对照组比较差异无显著性。老年PNS活动期组、缓解期组血、尿内皮素含量与非老年PNS组间差异无显著性。老年PNS活动期尿内皮素水平与Scr、2 4h尿蛋白定量、uRBP呈正相关 (r=0 4 7～ 0 6 7,均为P<0 0 1) ,与Ccr、血浆白蛋白呈显著负相关 (r =- 0 5 6 ,- 0 4 7,P <0 0 1) ,老年PNS患者活动期血浆内皮素水平与Scr、血浆白蛋白、Ccr、2 4h尿蛋白定量、uRBP无相关性。　结论　内皮素参与了老年人PNS的发病过程 ,尿内皮素的变化可能在一定程度上反映老年PNS患者肾小球和肾小管功能受损情况     

老年溃疡性结肠炎患者血浆P-选择素、干扰素-γ和白细胞介素-4的水平变化及其临床意义

目的 探讨老年溃疡性结肠炎(UC)患者血清P-选择素(P-sel)、干扰素-γ(INF-γ)和自细胞介素-4(IL-4)的水平变化及其临床意义.方法 采用ELISA方法检测了53例UC活动期患者和34例缓解期患者血浆P-sel、INF-γ和IL-4的含量,并进行对比分析.结果 UC活动组患者血浆P-eel、INF-γ和IL-4的含量与正常对照组和UC缓解期比较差异均具有显著性意义(P＜0.01),而UC缓解组与正常对照组之间无显著性差异.UC活动组患者血浆P-sel、INF-γ和IL-4的含量与病情的严重程度呈正相关.结论 P-sel、INF-γ和IL-4与UC的发病机制有关.检测P-sel、INF-γ和IL-4对UC的病情及疗效评估具有一定的参考价值.     

溃疡性结肠炎肠道菌群结构ERIC-PCR指纹图谱分析

目的建立溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)与正常人的肠道细菌DNA指纹图谱,分析其肠道菌群的整体差异,并探讨UC患者肠道菌群的变化与疾病的发生、发展关系,为临床治疗UC提供理论依据。方法收集55例UC(30例活动期,25例缓解期)患者及15例正常人粪便标本,提取总基因组DNA,应用ERIC(enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus,肠道细菌基因间重复序列)-PCR技术建立各组肠道细菌DNA指纹图谱,运用UVP凝胶电泳分析软件统计分析活动期UC、缓解期UC及正常对照者肠道菌群的多样性和相似性。结果活动期UC患者肠道菌群结构多样性指数H3=2.2080,而缓解期UC和健康人肠道菌群结构多样性指数分别为2.7848、2.8080,且活动期UC菌群丰富度较其他两组低(P1,3<0.001,P2,3<0.001),而缓解期UC与正常对照组无明显区别(P1,2=0.542)。结论 UC活动期患者肠道菌群结构多样性较UC缓解期、健康人肠道菌群结构存在一定程度的差异。肠道菌群失调可能是UC发病的一个重要因素。     

低氧诱导因子-1α在溃疡性结肠炎患者血清和结肠黏膜中的表达及意义

目的检测溃疡性结肠炎(UC)患者血清和结肠黏膜中低氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)的含量,探讨其在UC发病机制中的调控作用及其与患者病情活动性和严重性的关系。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)定量检测10名健康对照者、13例缓解期UC及47例活动期UC患者血清中HIF-1α含量,同时采用枸橼酸-微波-SP-免疫组织化学方法检测结肠黏膜中HIF-1α的表达情况,并评价其与活动期患者病情相关性。结果活动期UC患者血清HIF-1α含量(73.21±28.65)ng/L显著高于缓解期(44.54±14.75)ng/L和对照组(42.83±15.49)ng/L(P0.05),且缓解期与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),血清HIF-1α的表达与病情活动性、病情分型及内镜表现分级呈正相关;活动期UC结肠黏膜中HIF-1α表达阳性率(58.05±13.83)%显著高于缓解期(3.00±2.72)%和对照组(3.04±2.69)%(P0.05),且缓解期与对照组相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),结肠黏膜中HIF-1α的表达与病情活动性、病情分型及内镜表现分级也呈正相关。结论 HIF-1α作为一种转录因子可能在UC发病机制中有重要作用,并可能作为评价UC患者病情活动性及严重程度的良好指标。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.