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1.
Somsmorn Chittrakarn Niwat Keawpradub Kitja Sawangjaroen Supaporn Kansenalak Benjamas Janchawee 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2010
Aim of the study
The effects of pure alkaloid, mitragynine and a methanolic extract of kratom leaves were investigated on neuromuscular junction and compound nerve action potential.Materials and methods
Wistar rats were killed by cervical dislocation and decapitated. The phrenic nerve–hemidiaphragms, hemidiaphragms and sciatic nerve were isolated.Results
Kratom methanolic extract present at 0.1–1 mg/mL and mitragynine (0.0156 mg/mL) decreased the muscle twitch on the isolated phrenic nerve–hemidiaphragm and hemidiaphragm preparation. Muscle relaxation caused by kratom extract (1 mg/mL) was greater than the effect of mitragynine. Pancuronium and succinylcholine potentiated the effect of kratom extract. It also had a direct relaxation effect on the hemidiaphragm muscle. The muscle relaxation caused by kratom extract was not antagonized by neostigmine, tetraethylammonium and calcium chloride. High concentrations of kratom extract (10–40 mg/mL) and mitragynine (2 mg/mL) blocked the nerve conduction, amplitude and duration of compound nerve action potential.Conclusions
The mechanism of action of kratom extract might not act as a competitive antagonist of acetylcholine yet its dominant effect was at the neuromuscular junction and not at the skeletal muscle or somatic nerve. 相似文献2.
Jing Hu Wen-Yuan Gao Ying Gao Ning-Sheng Ling Lu-Qi Huang Chang-Xiao Liu 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2010
Aim of study
Croton oil is the fruit oil of Croton tiglium L., which is well known in folk medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, including constipation, abdominal pain, peptic ulcer, and intestinal inflammation for a long period. This study was to investigate the pharmacological effect of croton oil on GI tract.Materials and methods
The effect of croton oil on the smooth muscle contractions was investigated in vitro using the isolated rabbit jejunum model.Results
Croton oil has a biphasic action contracting and relaxing intestinal tissue. At the concentrations of 20–80 μg/mL, croton oil produced a concentration-dependent increase in the amplitude and tension of muscle contractions, whereas at high concentrations (>200 μg/mL) it decreased the contractile amplitude and had no impact on the tension. Moreover, croton oil was less effective in increasing muscle amplitude and tension than Ach, confirming that the effect of croton oil on muscle contractions is not a simply stimulatory or inhibitory action, but a unique modulatory process depending on the concentration of croton oil. In addition, croton oil concentration-dependently suppressed the frequency of muscle contractions. On the other hand, atropine (10 μM) and 4-DAMP (10 μM) produced a significant inhibition of contractions caused by croton oil, while either hexamethonium (10 μM) or methoctramine (10 μM) was inactive, implying that the regulatory effects of croton oil on GI motility are mediated via the activation of M3 muscarinic receptor. Furthermore, muscle contractions induced by croton oil were dramatically reduced by verapamil (0.1 μM) but not by NE (1 μM), suggesting that the action of croton oil on GI motility is also mediated by Ca2+ influx through L-type Ca2+ channel.Conclusions
The results suggest that croton oil possesses spasmogenic and spasmolytic properties and the regulatory effects of croton oil on GI motility are mediated via the activation of M3 muscarinic receptor and Ca2+ influx through L-type Ca2+ channel. 相似文献3.
R. Estrada-Reyes M. Martínez-Vázquez A. Gallegos-Solís G. Heinze J. Moreno 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2010
Ethnopharmacological relevance
The decoction of leaves of Clinopodium mexicanum Benth. Goaverts (Lamiaceae), commonly known as “Toronjil de Monte”, is used in the Mexican traditional medicine to induce sleep, as well as sedative and analgesic remedy.Aim of the study
To evaluate the putative depressant effects of an aqueous extract of the medicinal plant Clinopodium mexicanum on the central nervous system (CNS).Materials and methods
The effects of the extract (AECM) on mice were tested in several animal paradigms, including sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep, open field tests, and hole-board tests. The effects of AECM on pentylenetetrazole- and picrotoxin-induced convulsions in mice and on the antithermonociceptive response in the hot-plate paradigm were also tested. Additionally, the active extract (AECM) was analyzed with HPLC–ESI-MS techniques.Results
Mice acutely treated with AECM at 100, 200, 500 and 1000 mg/kg doses prolonged the sleeping time induced by sodium pentobarbital (42 mg/kg). This extract, at 100 and 200 mg/kg doses, showed a sedative effect in the hole-board paradigm and decreased spontaneous activity in mice. AECM at 10, 100 and 200 mg/kg prolonged the onset of seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole (90 mg/kg) and antagonized tonic convulsions induced by picrotoxin (10 mg/kg). Additionally, AECM inhibited the response to a thermonociceptive stimulus. The intraperitoneal AECM treatment produced mortality with an LD50 = 2154 mg/kg. Chemical analysis showed that the flavanone glycosides neoponcirin, poncirin, and isonaringenin are the main compounds of the active extract.Conclusions
This study demonstrates that an acutely administered single dose of an aqueous extract of Clinopodium mexicanum can exert depressant effects on the CNS. These findings are in agreement with the traditional use of Clinopodium mexicanum to induce sleep as well as sedative and analgesic remedy. The chemical analysis of AECM revealed the presence of the flavanone glycosides neoponcirin, poncirin, and isonaringin. 相似文献4.
Albertina Antonielly Sydney de Sousa Pedro Marcos Gomes Soares Arisa Nara Saldanha de Almeida Alana Rufino Maia Emmanuel Prata de Souza Ana Maria Sampaio Assreuy 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2010
Aim of the study
Mentha piperita is a plant popularly known in Brazil as “hortelã-pimenta” whose essential oil is used in folk medicine for its anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, expectorant actions and anti-congestive. Here, it was investigated the effect of Mentha piperita essential oil (peppermint oil) in rat tracheal rings along with its mechanism of action.Materials and methods
Tracheal tissue from Male Wistar rats (250–300 g) were used. Peppermint oil was added in cumulative concentrations [1–300 μg/ml] to the tissue basal tonus or pre-contracted by carbachol [10 μM] at 10 min intervals, incubated or not with indomethacin [10 μM], l-N-metyl-nitro-arginine [100 μM], hexamethonium [500 μM], or tetraethylammonium [5mM].Results
Peppermint oil [100 and 300 μg/ml] inhibited the contractions induced by carbachol, which was reversed by indomethacin, l-N-metyl-nitro-arginine and hexamethonium, but not by tetraethylammonium. These data suggest the participation of prostaglandin E2, nitric oxide and autonomic ganglions in the peppermint oil relaxant effect and may be correlated with its popular use in respiratory diseases.Conclusions
Peppermint oil exhibited antispasmodic activity on rat trachea involving prostaglandins and nitric oxide synthase. 相似文献5.
Yuefeng Li Pingan Wu Yanmei Ning Xingke Yan Tiantian Zhu Chongbing Ma Anguo Liu 《Journal of traditional Chinese medicine》2014
Objective
To investigate the sedative and hypnotic activity of paeoniflorin and freeze-dried Sini San powder on mice and provide a reliable method for determining the pharmacodynamic material basis of Sini San.Methods
Male adult mice weighing 20–22 g were used in this study. Three experiments were carried out. Synergism with pentobarbital was used as an index for hypnotic effect. Loss of the righting reflex was used to determine the start of sleep. Sleep latency and sleeping time were recorded in each experiment.Results
The coefficient of variation of the supra-threshold dose (55 mg/kg) was significantly lower than that of the threshold dose. The sleep latency of mice was significantly decreased, and the sleeping time of mice was significantly prolonged. The effects of paeoniflorin and Sini San on prolonging the sleeping time of mice induced by pentobarbital sodium were significantly stronger than those in the control group.Conclusion
Paeoniflorin produces significant sedative and hypnotic effects, and there is an obvious dose-effect relationship. 相似文献6.
Sedative, antiepileptic and antipsychotic effects of Viscum album L. (Loranthaceae) in mice and rats
Gupta G Kazmi I Afzal M Rahman M Saleem S Ashraf MS Khusroo MJ Nazeer K Ahmed S Mujeeb M Ahmed Z Anwar F 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2012,141(3):810-816
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Viscum album L. is claimed in traditional medical practice, to be useful in the treatment of epilepsy and insomnia in Himachal Pradesh, India.Materials and methods
The effect of Viscum album L. on epilepsy, psychosis and sedative activity was evaluated in mice and rats using standard procedure.Results
The aqueous leaf extract of Viscum album L. prolonged the pentobarbital induced sleeping time and reduced the locomotor activity in actophotometer. This suggests that reduced locomotor activity facilitate GABAergic transmission. In addition the extract reduced MES, INH and PTZ-induced convulsions which suggest that there may be possibility of blocking Na+ channels, opening of Cl−channels or enhancing the GABAergic system. The extract decreased the apomorphine-induced stereotyped behavior and potentiates the HAL-induced cataleptic score which suggests the extract possess antidopaminergic activity.Conclusion
The results obtained in present study suggested that title plant exhibited sedative, antiepileptic and antipsychotic activity in mice and rats. 相似文献7.
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Carica papaya has been used in the Ethiopian traditional medicine to relieve stress and other disease conditions.Aim of the study
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anxiolytic and sedative effects of 80% ethanolic Carica papaya (Caricaceae) pulp extract in mice.Materials and methods
Carica papaya pulp extract was screened for anxiolytic effect by using elevated plus maze, staircase and open field tests, and ketamine-induced sleeping time test for sedation at doses of 50, 100, 200, 400 mg/kg. Distilled water and Diazepam were employed as negative and positive control groups, respectively.Results
Carica papaya pulp extract 100 mg/kg significantly increased the percentage of open arm time and entry, and reduced the percentage of entry and time spent in closed arm in elevated plus maze test; reduced the number of rearing in the staircase test; and increased the time spent and entries in the central squares while the total number of entries into the open field were not significantly affected, suggesting anxiolytic activity without altering locomotor and sedative effects. A synergistic reduction in the number of rearing and an inverted U-shaped dose response curves were obtained with important parameters of anxietyConclusions
The results of this study established a support for the traditional usage of Carica papaya as anxiolytic medicinal plant. 相似文献8.
Gisele Zapata-Sudo Thaiana C.F. Mendes Marcelle A. Kartnaller Tiago O. Fortes Nathália F.B. Freitas Maria Auxiliadora Coelho Kaplan Roberto Takashi Sudo 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2010
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Dorstenia arifolia is a plant that has been used in the folk medicine to produce hypnotic, sedative and ansiolitic effects but the pharmacological properties have not yet been studied. In addition, the smoke of its rhizome is reputed to induce lethargic sensation.Aims of the study
The present study investigated possible activities of the methanol extract (ME) of Dorstenia arifolia rhizome on the central nervous system (CNS).Materials and methods
ME was tested for sedative, hypnotic and anticonsulsant effects using locomotor activity evaluation, pentobarbital-induced sleeping time and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced convulsion, respectively.Results
Intraperitoneal administration of ME (10 and 50 mg/kg) significantly decreased locomotor activity from 205.2 ± 25.6 movements/min (DMSO) to 112.1 ± 18.4 (P < 0.05) and 114.9 ± 16.9 (P < 0.05), respectively. Flumazenil (10 mg/kg), an antagonist of GABAA receptor, prevented the ME-induced sedation. Treatment with ME (50 mg/kg) significantly increased the duration of pentobarbital-induced sleeping time from 41.0 ± 2.3 to 57.9 ± 2.9 min (P < 0.05). The latencies to seizures after intraperitoneal injection of PTZ was recorded and compared between groups. ME promoted a significant protection of PTZ-induced seizures and mortality in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusions
Our findings indicate that ME of Dorstenia arifolia rizhome has pronounced central effects, and that the sedative and anticonvulsant activities may be related to a facilitation of the GABAergic transmission. 相似文献9.
Jorge Lozada-Lechuga María Luisa Villarreal Marc-André Fliniaux Lamine Bensaddek Fraçois Mesnard María del Carmen Gutiérrez Alexandre Toshirrico Cardoso-Taketa 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2010
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Ternstroemia pringlei represents one of the most widely employed and commercially exploited medicinal plant in Mexico, used popularly as a tranquilizer and for the treatment of insomnia.Aim of the study
To investigate the sedative constituents of the plant through a bio-guided fractionation of extracts derived from calyx and fruits.Materials and methods
Crude extracts with different polarities (CHCl3, AcOEt, MeOH, aqueous) were prepared and subjected to chromatographic fractionation, leading to the isolation of the sedative compound (1) from the MeOH crude extract. The identity of 1 was unequivocally established by means of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis. The sleeping time induced by sodium pentobarbital and the elevated plus-maze models were performed on mice to determine the sedative and anxiolytic activities, respectively. Bioactivity was also investigated though in vitro GABA release experiments using mice brain slices.Results
The sedative compound was established as jacaranone (1), and its effect was clearly demonstrated through a dose-dependent response analysis (ED50 = 25 mg/kg mouse weight). When tested in the elevated plus-maze model, none of the extracts from Ternstroemia pringlei displayed anxiolytic activity. GABA release experiments showed that the MeOH and aqueous crude extracts released this neurotransmitter at a ratio of 217 and 179 pmol/g protein, respectively, evidencing the presence of other bioactive constituents in the extracts apart of 1, whose activity was absent in this model.Conclusions
Although 1 has been isolated and identified in a number of plant species, this is the first time that its sedative effect has been demonstrated. No previous record exists of other sedative compounds having been isolated from Ternstroemia pringlei. 相似文献10.
Cheng-Jie Chen Wan-Yin Wang Xiao-Li Wang Li-Wei Dong Yi-Tian Yue Hai-Liang Xin Chang-Quan Ling Min Li 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2009
Aim of the study
To investigate the effects of the ethanol extract from Portulaca oleracea (EEPO) on hypoxia models mice and to find the possible mechanism of its anti-hypoxic actions so as to elucidate the anti-hypoxia activity and provide scientific basis for the clinical use of Portulaca oleracea.Materials and methods
EEPO was evaluated on anti-hypoxic activity in several hypoxia mice models, including closed normobaric hypoxia and sodium nitrite or potassium cyanide toxicosis. To verify the possible mechanism(s), we detected the activities of pyruvate kinase (PK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the level of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in mice cortices.Results
Given orally, the EEPO at doses of 100, 200, 400 mg/kg could dose-dependently enhance the survival time of mice in both of the normobaric and chemical hypoxia models. The activity of the glycolysis enzymes and the level of ATP were higher than those of the control. In the pentobarbital sodium-induced sleeping time test and the open-field test, EEPO neither significantly enhanced the pentobarbital sodium-induced sleeping time nor impaired the motor performance, indicating that the observed anti-hypoxic activity was unlikely due to sedation or motor abnormality.Conclusions
These results demonstrated that the EEPO possessed notable anti-hypoxic activity, which might be related to promoting the activity of the key enzymes in glycolysis and improving the level of ATP in hypoxic mice. 相似文献11.
Maira Huerta-Reyes Maribel Herrera-Ruiz Manasés González-Cortazar Alejandro Zamilpa Esther León Ricardo Reyes-Chilpa Arturo Aguilar-Rojas Jaime Tortoriello 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2013
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Heteropterys brachiata is a plant species that has been used in traditional Mexican medicine for the treatment of nervous disorders.Aim of the study
To evaluate the anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, antidepressant and sedative effects produced by the methanolic extract of Heteropterys brachiata (HbMeOH) in ICR mice. Additionally, we determine the acute toxicity profiles of the extract and the presence of its main constituents.Material and methods
The neuropharmacological effects of the extract were evaluated using a variety of models, such as the elevated plus maze (EPM), the forced swimming test (FST), the pentobarbital potentiation test (PTBt), pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures test (PTZt), and the open field test (OFT). HPLC was employed for obtention of phytochemical profile.Results
HbMeOH produced a significant antidepressant effect in FST at 500 and 750 mg/kg doses, while doses from 500 to 1500 mg/kg exhibited a clear dose-dependent anxiolytic activity in EPM. A dose of 500 mg/kg showed a significant anticonvulsant activity in PTZt and an absence of sedation effects in PTBt. The main compounds of HbMeOH were chlorogenic acid and chlorogenic acid methyl ester, as well as less abundant terpene-type compounds. Furthermore, the extract was either safe with no deaths in mice treated orally with 2000 mg/kg.Conclusions
HbMeOH extract which contains mainly hydroxycinnamic acids and triterpene-type compounds, possesses antidepressant, anxiolytic and anticonvulsive properties and can be considered safe or of low toxicity when orally administrated. These findings lend pharmacological justification to the traditional use of Heteropterys brachiata in the treatment of nervous disorders. 相似文献12.
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Ziziyphus nummularia (family: Rhamnaceae) is a xerophyte, grows in the grazing lands of the Thar Desert of Rajasthan. Ziziyphus nummularia (ZN) is used as sedative in ethnomedicine. The objective of this study is to investigate the anticonvulsant, anxiolytic and sedative activities of the alcoholic extract of leaves of Ziziyphus nummularia (EZN).Materials and methods
The anticonvulsant effect of the EZN (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg) was evaluated in mice using the pentylenetetrazole and maximal electroshock induced seizure models. Its anxiolytic activity was evaluated using the elevated plus maze, hole board and open field models board methods, while the pentobarbital induced sleep was used to evaluate the sedative activity. The acute toxicity and effect on motor coordination were also assessed.Results
EZN (100–300 mg/kg) protected the mice against the pentylenetetrazole induced convulsions; it causes a significant (P<0.05) dose dependent increase in latency of convulsion. Treatment with EZN reduced the duration of the tonic hind limb extension induced by electroshock. Mice treated with EZN preferred the open arm of the plus maze and were found to be devoid of open-arm avoidance. EZN potentiation the barbiturate induce sleep in mice, it causes a decrease in the sleep latency and increases the duration of sleep.Conclusion
The results obtained from the experiments indicate that the EZN has CNS depressant and anticonvulsant activities. 相似文献13.
Zhen Liu Wenyuan Gao Shuli Man Jieyin Wang Nan Li Shuangshuang Yin Shanshan Wu Changxiao Liu 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2012
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Rhizoma Paridis saponins (RPS) have been well studied for antimicrobial, anti-hemorrhagic, and anticancer effects. However, scientific information on RPS regarding the toxic and neuropharmacological effects is limited. In this study, the acute oral toxicity, sedative–hypnotic activity and gastro-intestinal toxicity of RPS were investigated.Materials and methods
The acute toxicity was carried out by administering single doses (800–5000 mg/kg) of RPS to adult mice. Rotarod test and sodium pentobarbital-induced hypnosis activity were used to evaluate the neuropharmacological effects on mice. Gastric emptying and intestinal transit were used to investigate the gastric–intestinal system effects.Results
A single oral administration of RPS dose-dependently caused adverse effects on the general behavior and mortality rate of mice. LD50 value of oral acute toxicity was 2182.4 mg/kg, with 95% confidence limit of 1718.4–2807.8 mg/kg. In the test of sleeping mice, RPS acted in synergy with sodium pentobarbital at doses 250 and 500 mg/kg while motor coordination was not influenced within 120 min after treatment with RPS. Regarding the gastric–intestinal toxicity, RPS (100, 250, and 500 mg/kg) significantly inhibited gastric emptying but did not affect the intestinal transit.Conclusions
RPS, which is a hypotoxic anticancer drug, possesses the sedative–hypnotic activity and gastric stimulus side effect. 相似文献14.
Aim of the study
The objective of this study is to investigate the anticonvulsant, anxiolytic and sedative activities of the aqueous root extract of Securidaca longepedunculata.Materials and methods
The anticonvulsant effect of the aqueous root extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) was evaluated in mice using the strychnine- and picrotoxin-induced seizure models. Its anxiolytic activity was evaluated using the elevated plus maze (EPM) and the Y maze (YM) methods (14 and 32) while the hexobarbitone induced sleep and the hole board models were used to evaluate the sedative and exploratory activities in mice respectively. The acute toxicity studies and phytochemical analysis of the extract were also carried out.Results
The extract (100–400 mg/kg) produced a significant (P < 0.01) dose dependent increase in onset of convulsion compared to the control for strychnine- and picrotoxin-induced seizures. It also produced a significant (P < 0.01) dose dependent prolongation of the cumulative time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze and Y maze compared with the control. The extract (100–400 mg/kg) produced significant (P < 0.01) reduction in the time of onset of sleep induced by hexobarbitone. The prolongation of hexobarbitone sleeping time by the extract (200 mg/kg) was comparable to that produced by diazepam (3 mg/kg). At doses of 100–400 mg/kg, the extract produced a dose dependent decrease in exploratory activity of the mice. The reduction in exploratory activity produced by the extract (400 mg/kg) was greater than that of chlorpromazine (1 mg/kg). The results obtained from the experiments indicate that the extract has central nervous system depressant and anxiolytic activities. The LD50 obtained for the acute toxicity studies using both oral and intraperitoneal routes of administration were 1.74 g/kg and 19.95 mg/kg respectively.Conclusion
These findings justify the use of Securidaca longepedunculata in traditional medicine for the management of convulsion and psychosis. 相似文献15.
Andressa Braga Ana Cristina Stein Eveline Dischkaln Stolz Eliane Dallegrave Andréia Buffon Jean-Claude do Rego Grace Gosmann Alice Fialho Viana Stela Maris Kuze Rates 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2013
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Passiflora alata is a Southern American species that constitutes many traditional remedies as well as phytomedicines used for sedative and anxiolytic purposes in Brazil. However studies on repeated treatment effects are scarce.Aim of the study
To evaluate behavioral, physiological and biochemical effects of the repeated treatment with an aqueous spray-dried extract of Passiflora alata leaves containing 2.5% (w/v) of flavonoids (PA) in mice.Material and methods
Male adult CF1 mice were treated (p.o.) for 14 days with PA (2.5; 25 or 250 mg/kg). The feeding behavior was evaluated at the beginning (1 h after the first administration) and at the end of the treatment (15th day). The body weight gain and food consumption were monitored along the days. On day 15 mice were evaluated on plus maze, spontaneous locomotor activity, catalepsy and barbiturate sleeping time tests. Serum glucose, lipids, ALT and AST enzymes were determined. Liver, kidney, perirenal fat, epididymal and peritoneal fat were analyzed.Results
The repeated treatment with the highest dose tested (250 mg/kg) did not alter the mice behavior on open field, elevated plus maze, catalepsy and barbiturate sleeping time tests. Repeated administration of PA 250 decreased mice feeding behavior and weight gain. PA 25 and PA 250 reduced mice relative liver weight and caused mild hepatic hydropic degeneration as well as a decrease in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) serum level.Conclusions
These results indicate that Passiflora alata does not present central cumulative effects and point to the needs of further studies searching for its hepatotoxicity as well as potential anorexigenic. 相似文献16.
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Rhizoma Pinelliae Praeparatum is the product of raw Rhizoma Pinellia processed with alkaline solution and Licorice, which had been widely used for treatment of insomnia in traditional Chinese medicine. The present study aimed to investigate the sedative, hypnotic and anticonvulsant activities of ethanol fraction from Rhizoma Pinelliae Praeparatum (EFRP) and to determine whether these effects were related to GABAergic mechanism.Materials and methods
The sedative, hypnotic and anticonvulsant activities of EFRP were investigated with locomotion activity, pentobarbital-induced sleeping and nikethamide (NKTM)-induced convulsion tests, respectively. Additionally, the effects of flumazenil (an antagonist of GABAA receptor) and l-malic acid (blocker of synthetic enzyme for GABA) on the hypnotic activity of EFRP were evaluated.Results
EFRP at dose of 12 g/kg significantly inhibited the locomotion activity of mice. EFRP showed synergic effect on pentobarbital-induced sleeping by increased numbers of mice falling asleep, reduced the sleep latency and prolonged the sleeping time. l-malic acid and flumazenil inhibited the augment effects of EFRP on pentobarbital-induced sleeping. EFRP promoted a significant protection to NKTM-induced convulsion, by prolonged the death latency and decreased mortality.Conclusion
EFRP possessed sedative, hypnotic and anticonvulsant activities and these activities may be related to the GABAergic system. 相似文献17.
Ellen Cristine Ogata Nomura Melissa Raboni Alves Rodrigues Carla Francielle da Silva Letícia Alencar Hamm Adamara Machado Nascimento Lauro Mera de Souza Thales Ricardo Cipriani Cristiane Hatsuko Baggio Maria Fernanda de Paula Werner 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2013
Ethnopharmacological relevance
In Brazil, Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K. Jansen, popularly known as “jambu”, has been used by some communities from Amazon region to treat toothache. In this study we examined the antinociceptive effect of the ethanolic extract obtained from the flowers of Acmella oleracea (EEAO) in animal models of nociceptive (chemical and thermal) and neuropathic (partial sciatic nerve ligation) pain.Materials and methods
Adult male mice were treated by intraperitoneal route (i.p.) with EEAO before the induction of nociceptive response by formalin, capsaicin and cinnamaldehyde, thermal heat hyperalgesia (hot plate test) and mechanical allodynia (traumatic sciatic nerve injury). Acute toxicity and non-specific sedative effects were evaluated.Results
EEAO (10, 30 and 100 mg/kg) reduced both neurogenic and inflammatory phases of the formalin- and also capsaicin- and cinnamaldehyde-induced orofacial nociception. Interestingly, EEAO at 100 mg/kg (i.p.) also reversed capsaicin-induced heat hyperalgesia assessed as the latency to paw withdrawal in the hot plate test. Also in the hot plate test, paw withdrawal latency was increased by EEAO (100 mg/kg) and this response was only partially reversed by naloxone. Furthermore, EEAO (100 mg/kg) also reduced mechanical allodynia caused by partial sciatic nerve ligation for 3 h. The estimated LD50 value was 889.14 mg/kg and EEAO did not alter the locomotion of animals in the open-field test.Conclusion
Taken together, our data show that EEAO produces prevalent antinociceptive effects and does not cause adverse effects. The presence of N-alkylamides, including spilanthol, suggests that the therapeutic effect of EEAO is related to its highest anesthetic activity. 相似文献18.
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Fruits of Heracleum persicum (Apiaceae) are used as pain killer in Iranian folkloric medicine.Aims of study
To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the hydroalcoholic extract and essential oil of the plant fruits and analyzing the essential oil.Materials and methods
Essential oil and hydroalcoholic extracts of the fruits were prepared according to standard methods and the components of essential oil were identified using GC–MS method. The acetic acid-induced writhing response and formalin test were used in male mice to assess analgesic activity. For evaluation of anti-inflammatory effect, carrageenan-induced rat paw edema was used.Results
Hexyl butyrate (56.5%), octyl acetate (16.5%), hexyl 2-methylbutanoate (5.2%) and hexyl isobutyrate (3.4%) were identified as the major constituents of the oil. Oral or intraperitoneal administration of Heracleum persicum essential oil (HPEO) at doses of 50–200 mg/kg and Heracleum persicum hydroalcoholic extract (HPHE) at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg significantly reduced acetic acid-induced abdominal constrictions. HPEO and HPHE also significantly attenuated the pain response of the second phase of formalin test.In carrageenan test HPEO at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg and HPHE at a dose of 400 mg/kg induced a significant reduction of paw edema.Conclusions
These results clearly show the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the plant essential oil and hydroalcoholic extract. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanism of action and the components responsible for these pharmacological effects. 相似文献19.
Martínez-Vázquez M Estrada-Reyes R Martínez-Laurrabaquio A López-Rubalcava C Heinze G 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2012,141(3):908-917
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Dracocephalum moldavica is used as a tranquilizer and as remedy for nervous conditions relief in the Mexican traditional medicine. Despite its intensive use no literature reported neuropharmacological studies on Dracocephalum moldavica as yet.Aim of the study
The sedative, anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like effects of the aqueous extract of aerial parts of Dracocephalum moldavica (Lamiaceae) (DM) were evaluated in behavioral models in mice. The general toxic effects of DM were evaluated as well as their chemical analysis was performed.Materials and methods
DM effects were evaluated on pentobarbital-induced sleeping time (SPT), the hole-board (HBT), and the avoidance exploratory behavior (AEBT) tests and on the forced swimming test (FST). General activity and motor coordination were evaluated in the open field (OFT) and Rota-rod tests, respectively. The acute toxicity of DM was determinate by its LD50 dose. The chemical analyses DM were performed by chromatographic and HPLC–ESI-MS techniques.Results
DM prolonged the pentobarbital-induced sleeping time, induced sedation in the HBT, decreased spontaneous activity and produced motor coordination impairment in mice. However, DM did not show anxiolytic effects in the AEBT or HBT and it was not effective in FST. The DM-treatment produced mortalities with LD50 = 470 mg/kg body weight.The HPLC–ESI-MS analysis of DM revealed that (acacetin, apigenin and luteolin)-7-O-β-d-(6″-O-malonyl)-glucoside derivates are the main compounds of DM.Conclusions
DM induced sedative actions and a general inhibition of CNS activity observed by the decrease of animals’ general activity, motor coordination and exploration. 相似文献20.