母亲因素与低出生体重儿危险性的关系

目的：探讨母亲因素与低出生体重儿危险性的关系。方法：对低出生体重儿的母亲作１∶１病例对照研究。结果：在所选取的１０个因素中，除母亲孕期偏食外，其余９个因素均表现出较高的危险度，依其危险度（ＯＲ值）大小排列为：母亲孕期有毒物接触史（９．０）、人均居住面积≤４ｍ２（９．０）、母亲孕期受病毒感染（８．０）、人均收入低（５．５）、母亲孕期吸烟（５．０）、母亲孕期不进食早餐（５．０）、母亲初中以下文化（４．８）、母亲受孕年龄≤２０岁（４．７）、母亲受孕年龄≥３５岁（４．０）。结论：要针对危险因素开展有效的防治。     

影响4个月婴儿纯母乳喂养因素调查与分析

为了掌握我院分娩婴儿的４个月纯母乳喂养率及其影响因素。本文对１９９５年１月１日至１９９５年１２月３１日在我院出生的全部活产婴儿共８６９例及其母亲进行回顾性问卷调查。调查形式采用电话询问及信访。得到完整答卷４１８份，问卷回收率为４８．１％。采用ＥｐｉＩｎｆｏ５．０软件进行分析和显著性检验，得出４个月婴儿纯母乳喂养率为５０．５％，其中具有显著性意义的影响因素为产后疲劳、婴儿独睡、未掌握哺乳知识和技巧、人均收入的高低、休产假长短及文化程度高低。本文针对影响因素提出了干预措施。     

影响母乳喂养原因分析

影响母乳喂养原因分析黄良锟江西省妇幼保健院３３０００６笔者对１２９例母亲未坚持母乳喂养原因进行分析。１对象与方法１．１对象取自１９９５年１０月５日～１９９６年１２月３１日全省１８个市（县）在我院乳腺门诊就诊的未坚持母乳喂养母亲１２９例，年龄２１～３０...     

上海市卢湾区0～6岁儿童及其家庭基本情况调查

上海市卢湾区自１９９１～１９９５年在全区开展了以“母亲安全，儿童优生”为主题的“三优”工程。为了能摸清０～６岁儿童基本情况，在１９９２年对１２００户进行了抽样调查。在此基础上，制定了三优工程的各项指标，并实施了各项干预措施。经过３年的实践，于１９９５年又进行了第２次的跟踪调查。并对调查结果进行对比分析。１对象与方法１．１调查对象本区常住户口０～６岁儿童及其家长（不包括领养及寄养儿童）．１．２抽样方法１９９２年调查在全区８个街道中确定４个街道，采用ＰＰＳ方法随机抽样１２００户居民。１９９５年的调查…     

发锌与小儿年龄及性别的关系

发锌与小儿年龄及性别的关系陈展调查对象：１９９３年４月～１９９５年１２月我们对北京地区来机械部门诊部就诊的散居儿童进行了发锌普查，受检者共２４１人，其中男性１１２人（４６．４７％），女性１２９人（５３．５３％），年龄为０～８岁。样品采集及检测方法：发...     

1992～1995年中国瑞丽等地吸毒人群艾滋病病毒感染率观察及定群研究

对１９９２年起中国西南边境瑞丽等县建立的吸毒人群ＨＩＶ感染率及发病率观察的现场，每年进行追踪调查，１９９２－１９９５年历年各调查８５９、４３７、３４３及５４０名，共２１７９名。３县吸毒人群中静说比例约为３０％，１９９５年上升至近５０％；瑞丽县静注毒品者ＨＩＶ感染率较高，１９９２－１９９５年历的为８１．８％、８５．７％、６１．８％及５１．９％；陇川县居中，历年为４４．６％、４０．０％、４２．４％及４     

心外科术后感染82例调查报告

采用回顾性调查方法，对１９９５年进行体外循环心脏直视手术１１０１例，术后发生医院感染９４例，占手术总数８．５３％，抽查其中８２例进行分析。不合理用药为４５．１％，８２例中抗菌药使用率１００％，品种３９种，最少１种，最多１４种，平均４．７±２７种，平均使用２０．４±１３．７天，揭示术后感染与手术难度大、操作复杂、切口暴露、时间长、术中插管多、心功能差、手术对局部组织损伤等因素有关。     

含利福喷丁方案治疗涂阳肺结核4个月疗效观察

含利福喷丁方案治疗涂阳肺结核４个月疗效观察郑良达，方小平为探索进一步缩短化疗期限我们于１９９２～１９９５年组织科研协作，以各院、所（防痨科）为单位，开展涂阳肺结核４个月短程化疗研究，现报告如下：一、对象与方法１．对象：门诊因症就诊，年龄在１５岁以上，...     

1995年广东省麻疹发病及监测情况分析

１９９５年广东省麻疹发病及监测情况分析朱展鹰，陈树本１９９５年广东省麻疹发病１６２４例，发病率２．４／十万。现将１９９５年广东省麻疹发病及监测情况分析如下：１材料与方法１．１资料来源１９９５年全省２１个市上报计免统计表，传染病年报表，传染病月报表，实...     

超声雾化佐治婴幼儿急性支气管炎

婴幼儿急性支气管炎是儿科常见病，为提高疗效，缩短病程，１９９４年４月～１９９５年７月，我们采用庆大霉素、病毒唑、α－糜蛋白酶、地塞米松超声雾化吸入佐治婴幼儿急性支气管炎６５例，并对其疗效进行观察，现报告如下：一、对象与方法１．病例选择　病例来源于１９９４年４月～１９９５年７月儿科门诊婴幼儿急性支气管炎１３０例，其中男７１例，女５９例，年龄２月～３岁，临床表现为咳嗽、发热，两肺闻及不同程度的干湿罗音及痰鸣音，Ｘ线摄片提示急性支气管炎表现。２．治疗方法　随机分为治疗组及对照组各６５例。治疗组６５例中…     

Family self-medication and antibiotics abuse for children and juveniles in a Chinese city

To identify the determinants of self-medication and antibiotics abuse by parents treating their children aged between 2 and 18 over the previous year, an investigation was conducted in Hefei City, China in April, 1995. A total of 1596 students from a kindergarten, a primary school and a high school were included in the study, and 1459 completed questionnaires were collected (the response rate: 91.4%). The results showed the rate of parental self-medication for their children in the sample was 59.4%. It increased with children's age; about 51% of children had received parental self-medication on six or more occasions during the 1-year period and 32.8% on four to five occasions; there were associations between parental self-prescribers and sources of medicine and severity of disease. The rate of antibiotics abuse was 35.7%. Logistic regression analysis showed that there were significant associations between self-medication and payment of the mother's medical fees by employers, severity of diseases as well as the mother's educational level.     

A postpartum self-medication program: effect on narcotic use

Our objective was to determine the impact of a self-medication program on postpartum narcotic use. We retrospectively studied narcotic use in patients who underwent vaginal delivery before and after implementation of a self-medication program in April 1997. Narcotic use was compared between patients who delivered in January 1997 (n = 263) and those who delivered in January 1998 (n = 254). Oral narcotic use was also analyzed with respect to type of vaginal delivery (spontaneous vs. operative), extent of episiotomy or laceration, and use of epidural analgesia during labor. Narcotic use was significantly reduced (p < 0.001) in postpartum patients who participated in the self-medication program. The reduction was consistent despite the type of vaginal delivery or use of epidural analgesia during labor. A more extensive episiotomy or laceration at delivery (fourth-degree episiotomy or vaginal sulcus tear) was associated with an increase in narcotic use, although there was still a statistically significant decrease in use in patients in the self-medication program. A significant reduction in postpartum narcotic use may be achieved through implementation of a self-medication program. As a result, substantial benefits are potentially gained by both the patients and the nursing staff.     

血液透析患者自我效能、自我用药管理与经济负担之间关系

目的 探讨血液透析患者自我效能、自我用药管理与经济负担之间关系。方法 使用整群随机抽样方法,于2017年2-12月,使用一般资料调查表、自我效能量表、自我用药管理量表对江苏省3所三甲医院血液透析患者进行问卷调查,使用结构方程模型验证自我效能在自我用药管理与经济负担之间中介作用。结果 血液透析患者经济负担为(68.78±6.59)分;自我用药管理得分为(68.81±8.59)分,自我效能得分为(35.67±10.93)分;血液透析患者自我用药管理与自我效能之间呈正向相关关系(r=0.462,P<0.001);自我用药管理与经济负担之间呈负向相关关系(r=-0.383,P<0.001);自我效能与经济负担之间呈负向相关关系(r=-0.443,P<0.001)。自我效能在自我用药管理与经济负担之间起中介作用,中介效应为-0.205,自我用药管理在自我效能与经济负担之间起中介作用,中介效应为-0.174。结论 为了缓解血液透析患者经济负担,医护人员应该关注患者的自我效能和自我用药管理水平。     

九江市某高校大学生自我药疗认知调查

目的了解大学生自我药疗认知情况。方法采用整群抽样的方法,自行设计问卷,对在校大一、大二学生进行自我药疗认知问卷调查。结果调查对象对设计问题回答的正确率较低。结论大学生对自我药疗的认知有很多空白,有必要对大学生这一特殊群体实行有效的干预措施,提高大学生的健康意识和自我药疗水平。     

A qualitative study about self-medication in the community among market vendors in Fuzhou, China

Despite government efforts to increase healthcare insurance and access in China, many individuals, regardless of insurance status, continue to engage in high levels of self-medication. To understand the factors influencing common self-medication behaviour in a community of food market vendors in Fuzhou China, a total of 30 market vendors were randomly recruited from six food markets in 2007. In-depth interviews were conducted with each participant at their market stalls by trained interviewers using a semi-structured open-ended interview protocol. Participants were asked broad questions about their health-seeking behaviours as well as their past experiences with self-medication and hospital care. ATLAS. ti was used to manage and analyse the interview data. The results showed that hospital-based healthcare services were perceived as better quality. However, self-medication was viewed as more affordable in terms of money and time. Other factors prompting self-medication, included confidence in understanding the health problem, the easy accessibility of local pharmacies and the influences of friends/peers and advertising. Three broad domains, attitude, cost and effectiveness, were all seen to determine past decisions and experiences with self-medication. Interestingly, the effective management of self-medication via pharmacy resources raised particular concern because of perceived variation in quality. In conclusion, self-medication was found to be an important and common health-seeking behaviour driven by multiple factors. A sound and comprehensive public health system should systematically attend to these behaviours and the pharmacies, where much of the behaviour occurs.     

河南省新乡市儿童家庭自我药疗行为的潜类别分析

目的 通过潜类别分析了解河南省儿童家庭自我药疗行为,并分析不同潜类别组的人群特征,为开展有针对性的宣传教育提供依据。方法 招募河南省新乡市及其所辖县城、乡镇18岁以上家有儿童的女性作为调查对象。利用分层随机抽样方法,在新乡市所辖县中,利用抽签随机抽样法随机抽取2个县城,再在这2个县所辖乡镇中利用抽签随机抽样法各随机抽取2乡镇,在市区、县城及乡镇的热闹地方通过拦截方式获得调查对象。共收回有效问卷849份。利用SAS外挂模块Proc LCA进行潜类别分析,不同潜类别组人群特征利用构成比进行描述,利用卡方检验进行不同潜类别组间的差异性分析。结果 27.21%对象的儿童家庭自我药疗行为不良,17.20%对象的儿童家庭自我药疗行为良好,10.60%的对象购药行为不良,44.99%的对象服药行为不良。自我药疗行为良好组与自我药疗行为不良组和购药行为不良组的相关知识得分存在统计学差异（P<0.05）,而未发现其知识得分与服药行为不良组存在统计学差异（P>0.05）。与市区居民相比,县城和农村居民购药行为较差（〖XC小五号.EPS;P〗=13.04,P=0.0045）;祖辈给儿童自我用药行为较差（〖XC小五号.EPS;P〗=9.87,P=0.0197）;初中及以下教育程度者儿童家庭自我药疗行为较差（〖XC小五号.EPS;P〗=11.57,P=0.0090）。结论 河南省儿童家庭自我药疗行为不良者较多,尤其是服药行为不良者众多;县城和农村居民、祖辈、受教育程度低者给儿童用药时具有较多不良行为,应加强对这部分人群的健康教育。