弧形切割缝合器在直肠癌低位前切除术中的应用

目的:探讨新型弧形切割缝合器(凯途TM)在直肠癌低位前切除术中的应用.方法:回顾性分析2005年11月至2006年6月收治的46例低位直肠癌应用新型弧形切割缝合器施行低位前切除的临床资料.双重器械吻合前切除术40例中,1例家族性腺瘤样息肉病行全大肠切除回肠J型贮袋肛管吻合术;39例直肠癌,其中Dukes A期 11例,Dukes B期15例,Dukes C期13例,分别行低位或超低位前切除术、或前切除术.Hartmann术6例为5例Dukes D期和1例高龄体虚Dukes B期低位直肠癌.结果:双重吻合前切除40例中,超低位吻合33例(33/40,82.5%);无吻合口瘘发生,无局部复发出现;吻合口出血3例(3/40,7.5%),直肠阴道瘘2例(2/18,11.1%).行Hartmann术6例,直肠切割闭合处平均距肛缘2.8 cm.结论:弧形切割缝合器在低位直肠癌的保肛手术中的应用与直线形切割缝合器相比有着较大的优势.     

弧形切割吻合器在低位直肠癌保肛手术中的应用

目的 探讨弧形切割吻合器在低位直肠癌行保肛手术中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析我中心2007年6月至2008年12月期间在低位直肠癌低位前切除术及超低位前切除术中使用弧形切割吻合器的32例患者的临床资料.结果 本组无手术死亡病例,所有病例切割闭合完全,术后并发直肠阴道瘘1例,吻合口漏1例;30例患者得到随访,随访时间4～22个月(平均12.6个月),无盆腔及吻合口大出血及吻合口狭窄病例.结论 弧形切割吻合器在低位直肠癌保肛术中的应用具有切割完整、闭合确实及并发症发生率低的优点,特别是操作更加方便,扩大了低位直肠癌保肛手术的适用范围,提高了低位直肠癌保肛率.     

弧形切割吻合器在直肠癌前切除术中的临床应用研究

目的 探讨弧形切割吻合器在直肠癌前切除术中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2005年11月至2006年8月间收治的57例直肠癌应用弧形切割吻合器进行前切除的临床资料.其中行双重器械吻合前切除术51例;Hartmann术6例.结果 双重器械吻合前切除51例中超低位吻合41例(80.4%),术后均无局部复发;吻合口瘘1例(2.0%),吻合口出血3例(5.9%),直肠阴道瘘2例(22例女性患者,发生率9.1%).行Hartmann术6例,直肠切割吻合处平均距肛缘2.8 cm.结论 弧形切割吻合器应用于低位直肠癌的保肛手术中具有吻合口瘘发生率低的优点.     

弧形切割吻合器在低位直肠癌保肛手术中的应用

目的 总结弧形切割吻合器在低位直肠癌保肛术中的应用.方法 将121例低位直肠癌患者随机分成两组,分别应用弧形切割吻合器(A组,60例)和TLH30直线切割闭合器(B组,61例)闭合直肠远端行保肛手术,比较两组保肛率、吻合口瘘、吻合口出血、切口感染及术后排便次数.结果 两组吻合口瘘、吻合口出血、术后排便次数比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);而A组保肛率(98.3%)高于B组(68.9%)、切El感染率(4.0%)明显低于B组(9.5%)(均P＜0.05).结论 应用弧形切割吻合器行低位直肠癌保肛手术是安全可靠的,而且能明显增加保肛率,减少切口感染率.     

凯途切割缝合器在直肠癌低位前切除术中的应用

目的探讨凯途切割缝合器在直肠癌低位前切除术中的应用。方法回顾性分析我院2005年9月-2007年9月应用凯途切割缝合器于直肠癌低位前切除术42例的临床资料。结果本组42例均未行预防性结肠造口;术后发生吻合口瘘2例,经保守疗法治愈1例,另1例改行Hartmann术;无吻合口大出血和狭窄;3个月内有排便不尽感者4例。随访期内无局部复发病例。结论在直肠癌低位前切除术中应用凯途切割缝合器操作方便、安全,污染少,有利于达到超低位吻合保肛的目的,值得推广使用。     

腹腔镜超低位直肠癌保肛手术的临床应用

目的:探讨凯途(Contour)在腹腔镜经耻骨上横形小切口超低位直肠癌保肛手术中的应用价值。方法:回顾分析2009年8至2010年2月为8例患者施行腹腔镜超低位直肠癌保肛手术的临床资料。骨盆狭小、超低位直肠癌、肿瘤较大、腹腔镜下直线切割缝合器难以满意闭合的患者,取耻骨上横行小切口置入凯途,直视下行肿瘤远端肠管切割、闭合。结果:8例手术均获成功,残端闭合满意,术中快速冰冻切片未见肿瘤残留,术后无一例发生吻合口瘘。结论:骨盆狭小的患者在腹腔镜超低位直肠癌保肛手术中取耻骨上横行小切口置入凯途直视下行肿瘤远端肠管切割、闭合,操作较直线切割缝合器简单、易行、可靠、经济,具有一定的临床应用价值,值得推广。     

弧形切割吻合器在低位直肠癌双吻合器技术中的应用

目的 评价弧形切割吻合器在双吻合器技术中的作用.方法 309例低位直肠癌患者分别采用弧形切割吻合器(弧形切割吻合器组,90例)及直线型闭合器(直线型闭合器组,219例)进行双吻合器吻合,对两组患者的术后保肛率及并发症进行比较.结果 弧形切割吻合器组保肛率(57.8%)高于直线型闭合器组(44.7%),两组比较,P＜0.05,差异有统计学意义.两组吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄和吻合口出血发生率比较,P＞0.05,差异无统计学意义.结论 应用弧形切割吻合器可以提高低位直肠癌患者的保肛率.     

凯途双吻合器在低位直肠癌保肛手术中的应用

目的探讨凯途（CONTOUR）双吻合器在低位直肠癌前切除术中的应用价值。方法对我院2007年3月至2012年2月期间46例低位直肠癌患者应用凯途双吻合器保肛的治疗经过进行回顾性分析。结果本组46例患者均一次吻合成功,平均手术时间180min,术中平均出血315mL,吻合口距齿状线距离平均为2.5cm。术后发生吻合口出血1例（2.17%）,吻合口漏2例（4.35%）,术后直肠阴道瘘1例（2.17%）,均经相应治疗而治愈。无吻合口狭窄及死亡病例。术后平均住院时间17.7d。术后平均随访1年均无局部复发及吻合口狭窄,无死亡病例。结论凯途弧形切割缝合器在低位直肠癌保肛手术中有着较大的优势。     

低位直肠癌保肛手术中弧形切割缝合器的应用体会

目的探索弧形切割缝合器在低位直肠癌(距肛缘4～7cm)保肛手术中的应用价值。方法47例低位直肠癌患者,按TME治疗原则行保肛手术,术中应用弧形切割缝合器行直肠-肛管间切割、闭合。术后随访6～18个月,回顾性分析其根治性、术后排便功能、手术并发症及局部复发率。结果本组无手术中死亡,术后病理学检查无切端癌残留,无大便失禁,吻合口漏2例,吻合口狭窄4例,局部复发1例,腹壁切口感染2例,盆腔感染1例,术后肿瘤局部复发1例。术后排便功能基本正常,控便能力满意。术后性功能3个月内基本恢复正常。排尿功能恢复时间7～20d(平均9d)。结论在低位直肠癌中应用弧形切割缝合器行保肛手术安全、有效,能获得较好的根治与保留肛门功能效应。     

弧形切割吻合器在低位直肠癌保肛术中的应用体会

目的 评价弧形切割吻合器(Contour TM)在低位直肠癌保肛术中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2006年4月至2007年4月16例低位直肠癌保肛术中应用新型弧形切割吻合器的患者的临床资料.结果 全组术中直肠闭合和结直肠吻合过程均顺利,无手术死亡病例.未发生吻合口瘘和吻合口狭窄,无局部复发者.结论 弧形切割吻合器的应用进一步提高了低位直肠癌保肛手术的成功率.     

Laparoscopic intersphincteric resection with coloplasty and coloanal anastomosis for mid and low rectal cancer

BACKGROUND: The feasibility of laparoscopic rectal resection in patients with mid or low rectal cancer was studied prospectively with regard to quality of mesorectal excision, autonomic pelvic nerve preservation and anal sphincter preservation. METHODS: Laparoscopic rectal excision was performed in 32 patients (21 men) with rectal carcinoma located 5 cm from the anal verge. Most patients had T3 disease and received preoperative radiotherapy. The surgical procedure was performed 6 weeks after radiotherapy and included total mesorectal excision, intersphincteric resection, transanal coloanal anastomosis with coloplasty and loop ileostomy. RESULTS: Three patients needed conversion to a laparotomy. Postoperative morbidity occurred in ten patients, related mainly to coloplasty. Macroscopic evaluation showed an intact mesorectal excision in 29 of 32 excised specimens; microscopically, 30 of the 32 resections were R0. Sphincter preservation was achieved in 31 patients. The hypogastric nerves and pelvic plexuses were identified and preserved in 24 of the 32 patients. Sexual function was preserved in ten of 18 evaluable men. CONCLUSION: A laparoscopic approach can be considered in most patients with mid or low rectal cancer.     

弧形切割吻合器在低位直肠癌保肛手术中的应用体会

目的 了解应用弧形切割吻合器治疗低位直肠癌的保肛效果.方法 回顾性分析30例低位直肠癌患者应用弧形切割吻合器治疗后其根治性、术后排便功能、手术并发症和局部复发情况.结果 本组无手术死亡,切缘均经病理证实无肿瘤细胞残留.术后出现吻合口狭窄4例(13.3%),吻合口瘘2例(6.7%),腹壁切口感染2例(6.7%),盆腔感染1例(3.3%).术后无肿瘤局部复发病例.术后排便功能基本正常.排尿功能恢复时间7-20(平均9)d.术后性功能3个月内基本恢复正常.结论 应用弧形切割吻合器对低位直肠癌的保肛手术是安全有效的.     

腹腔镜直肠癌直肠全系膜切除保肛手术的临床应用

目的 探索腹腔镜下行直肠癌直肠全系膜切除（TME）保肛手术的可行性。方法 对2年余住院的54例直肠癌患者文施在腹腔镜下行TME保肛于术。54例中51例在腹腔镜下完成手术，包括前切除14例，低位前切除（吻合门距离齿状线2．0cm以上）19例，超低位前切除（吻合口与齿状线的距离小于2．0cm）16例，结肠-肛管吻合（吻合口位于齿状线）2例。3例中转开腹；其中2例因Dukes C期肿瘤已浸润肠管周围，1例因骨盆狭小，肿瘤距肛缘7cm．腹腔镜下操作困难而中转开腹。结果 51例腹腔下TME的患者手术顺利。手术时间110～210（平均145）min；术中出血30～80（平均50）mL；术后48～36h恢复胃肠功能并下床活动，住院时间7～14（平均9）d。术后应用止痛剂20例。术中术后均无并发症发生．术后控便功能的恢复旧吻合口高低而存在差异．6个月后均恢复正常排便功能。51例术后均随访，随访时间为6～36个月。均尤操作孔种植和肿瘤复发。结论 腹腔镜直肠癌TME保肛手术安全可行，其创伤小、出血少、术后恢复快，是极具应用前景的微创新技术。     

Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision for low rectal cancer

Background

Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer is coming out of age with recent publications highlighting its safety, feasibility, sound oncological outcomes, and improved quality of life. Nevertheless, laparoscopic proctectomy remains a challenging procedure. An embedded didactic video demonstrates a step-by-step laparoscopic total mesorectal excision with coloanal anastomosis for a low rectal cancer.

Methods

A five-trocar technique is shown. The key steps demonstrated are: high division of the inferior mesenteric artery, medial-to-lateral mobilization of the descending colon, high division of the inferior mesenteric vein, take-down of the splenic flexure, total mesorectal excision with division of the rectum at the pelvic floor, and side-to-end coloanal anastomosis. Principles of a good anastomosis and potential pitfalls are described, including protection of the ureter and pelvic autonomic nerves.

Results

A series of ten consecutive patients operated for low rectal cancer with total mesorectal excision is reported. Median (range) operative time and estimated blood loss were 274 (135?C360) minutes and 25 (10?C50)?ml. Median tumor height from the anal verge was 7 (4?C10)?cm. Reconstruction included three coloanal J-pouch and seven side-to-end anastomosis. Nine anastomoses were performed by using a double-stapled technique. One patient with an intersphincteric dissection required a handsewn anastomosis. A diverting ileostomy protected all coloanal anastomosis. Median length of stay was 3 (range, 2?C7) days. One of ten patients was readmitted for a small bowel obstruction. The embedded video demonstrates a total mesorectal excision down to the pelvic floor in a patient who had a T2 cancer 6?cm from the anal verge with prior open cholecystectomy and hysterectomy.

Conclusions

Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision is a safe and effective procedure. Patient selection and advanced laparoscopic skills are paramount. It is hoped that this didactic video will contribute to a wider and safer practice of laparoscopic total mesorectal excision for low rectal cancer.     

腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术联合经肛门内括约肌切除术治疗超低位直肠癌

目的探讨腹腔镜全系膜切除术（TME）联合经肛门内括约肌切除术（ISR）对超低位直肠癌的治疗效果。方法对接受腹腔镜TME联合经肛ISR手术的35例超低位直肠癌患者的临床和随访资料进行回顾性分析。结果35例患者肿瘤下缘距肛门2～5（平均3．4）cm;高、中分化腺癌32例,绒毛状腺瘤癌变3例;pTNMⅠ期16例,ⅡA期15例,ⅢA期3例,ⅢB期1例。术后末端回肠造口狭窄1例,吻合口瘘3例（均为未行末端回肠造E1者）。经4～49（中位时间16）个月的随访．1例患者出现吻合口复发．1例死于肝转移。随访满1年的19例患者术后1年排粪次数为1～4次／d．控便时间5min以上。结论腹腔镜TME联合经肛ISR治疗超低位直肠癌具有根治、保肛和微创的优点!侣廊进行严格的病例选择．     

Impact of total mesorectal excision on the results of surgery of distal rectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: This study reviewed the results of surgery for distal rectal cancer (tumours within 6 cm of the anal verge) following the introduction of total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer in one institution. METHODS: Two hundred and five patients who had undergone surgical resection of rectal cancer within 6 cm of the anal verge were included. The demographic, operative and follow-up data were collected prospectively. Comparisons were made between patients who had different surgical procedures. RESULTS: Abdominoperineal resection (APR) was performed in 27.8 per cent of patients, falling from 36.0 per cent in the first 3 years to 20.0 per cent in the last 3 years of the study. The overall operative mortality rate was 1.5 per cent and the morbidity rate 30.2 per cent. With a mean follow-up of 36 months, local recurrence occurred in 28 of the 185 patients who had curative resection. The 5-year actuarial local recurrence rates for double-stapled anastomosis, peranal coloanal anastomosis and APR were 11.2, 34.6 and 23.5 per cent respectively. The local recurrence rate was significantly lower for double-stapled low anterior resection than for the other types of operation. The overall 5-year survival rate in patients with low anterior resection and APR was 69.1 and 51.1 per cent respectively (P = 0.12). CONCLUSION: With the practice of total mesorectal excision, APR was necessary in only 27.8 per cent of patients with rectal cancer within 6 cm of the anal verge. The local recurrence rate was much lower in patients with double-stapled low anterior resection than in those treated with APR or peranal anastomosis.     

直肠癌TME低位保肛术后的CT评价

目的 探讨CT检查在直肠癌全系膜切除(total mesorectal excision,TME)低位保肛术后复查中的应用价值.方法 对2009年5月至2010年5月期间在我院接受TME低位保肛术的直肠癌患者行CT复查,分析术后直肠吻合口漏和周围感染、吻合口周围复发、淋巴结转移情况.结果 共计82例TME术后患者纳入研究,其中男52例,女30例;年龄25～74岁,平均57.8岁.82例患者中术后平均随访10个月,随访期间出现吻合口漏8例(9.8％),吻合口肿瘤局部复发6例(7.3％),盆腔及远处淋巴结转移4例(4.9％).吻合口漏经引流和保守治疗后好转,局部复发和淋巴结转移得到病理证实.结论 TME低位保肛术后适时CT检查(包括基线CT检查、随访和复查),有助于对吻合口漏、肿瘤局部复发及淋巴结转移的发现与早期诊断.     

腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治腹部无切口经肛切除套入式吻合102例经验

目的探讨腹部无切口经肛门切除标本的腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治套入式吻合术的安全性和可行性及临床疗效。 方法从2010年3月至2017年12月对102例低位直肠癌行腹腔镜下根治经肛门切除行套入式吻合保肛术,男43例,女59例。年龄36～81岁(平均59.6岁)。肿瘤距肛缘5～7 cm 85例,4 cm 17例,术前评估T₁N₀M₀ 79例,T₂N₀M₀ 23例。采用中间入路用超声刀沿乙状结肠系膜根部游离并裸化肠系膜下动静脉根部后,施夹并切断。按TME原则,游离直肠至肛管直肠环达肿瘤远端3～5 cm。会阴部手术距齿状线上2 cm处环型切开,沿黏膜下锐性向上剥离至提肛肌平面切断直肠,将直肠及远端乙状结肠一并从肛门移出体外切除,行套入式近端结肠全层与直肠黏膜及肠黏膜下吻合。 结果本组102例,手术平均时间为179 min,平均检出淋巴结13枚,术后发生吻合口漏3例(2.9%)行临时结肠造口,3个月后还纳愈合。吻合口狭窄2例(1.9%),经扩张后狭窄解除。术后病理为T₁～T₂N₀M₀ 49例,T₂N₁M₀ 53例。术后12个月肛门功能,Kirwan分级1级占94.1%,肛门功能基本恢复到正常。术后随访6～84月,平均45个月,局部肿瘤复发4例(3.9%),生存满3年以上67例。 结论腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治腹部无切口经肛门切除套入式吻合保肛术,是安全可行,真正达到腹部无手术切口、无瘢痕、美容美观、完全微创的最佳效果,其远期疗效待进一步随访观察。     

Risk of peritonitis and fatal septicaemia and the need to defunction the low anastomosis

The aim of this study was to investigate the need to defunction the low anastomosis after anterior resection of the rectum with total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. Two hundred consecutive patients (125 defunctioned, 75 non-defunctioned) undergoing low anterior resection for carcinoma were included in the study. Peritonitis requiring emergency laparotomy occurred in 8 per cent of the patients who did not have a defunctioning stoma compared with less than 1 per cent of those patients who had a defunctioning stoma (P less than 0.01). There was no mortality related to closure of the stoma but seven patients developed a faecal fistula and ten developed an incisional hernia. Despite current trends to avoid the defunctioning stoma, these results suggest that after total mesorectal excision the faecal stream should be temporarily diverted away from the anastomosis that is 6 cm or less from the anal verge to protect against potentially life-threatening anastomotic leakage.