腹腔镜下全膀胱切除原位回肠新膀胱重建术(附5例报告)

目的:介绍腹腔镜下全膀胱切除原位回肠新膀胱重建术的经验。方法:采用腹腔镜下全膀胱切除原位回肠新膀胱重建术治疗浸润性膀胱癌患者5例。方法是经腹壁小切口取出切除物,行回肠去管成形新膀胱,然后在腹腔镜下将新膀胱与尿道连续吻合。结果:5例患者手术成功,手术时间4.5~7.2h。腹腔镜手术中以超声刀及双极电凝行膀胱侧韧带、前列腺血管蒂及前列腺尖部切断止血,未使用钛夹、术中出血量180~550ml,平均输血400ml。术后4~5天恢复饮食,3周拔除输尿管支架管,4周拔除尿管。患者白天可完全控制排尿,2例夜间偶有尿失禁。1例术后尿漏,经引流治愈。结论:腹腔镜下全膀胱切除术具有创伤小、出血少、恢复快等优点;而回肠新膀胱和尿道连续吻合具有操作方便、省时、缝合紧密、可防止尿漏等优点。     

腹腔镜下全膀胱切除加原位回肠代膀胱术的临床疗效(附12例报告)

目的：探讨腹腔镜下全膀胱切除加原位回肠代膀胱术的手术方法和临床效果。方法：对12例浸润性膀胱移行细胞癌Ⅱ～Ⅲ级患者行腹腔镜下全膀胱切除加原位回肠代膀胱术,观察手术时间、术中出血量、术后肠道功能恢复情况及术后并发症等于术效果。结果：手术时间7～10h,术中失血600～1500ml,术后约72h恢复肠道功能。术后2周拔除输尿管导管,术后3周拔尿管后腹压排尿正常,术后3个月IVU复查未见肾积水,未出现并发症。结论：该术式具有微创、出血少、恢复快等特点,将成为治疗浸润性膀胱癌的较好方法之一。     

腹腔镜下膀胱全切除原位回肠代膀胱术(附15例报告)

目的　探讨腹腔镜下膀胱全切除原位回肠代膀胱手术方法。　方法　浸润性膀胱癌患者 15例 ,年龄 39～ 71岁 ,平均 5 9岁 ,男 14例 ,女 1例。采用 5个套管针 ,腹腔镜由脐部上缘套管针进入 ,手术者经左侧 2个套管针操作 ,助手经右侧 2个套管针操作。清扫双侧盆腔淋巴结 ;游离输尿管下段在其末端切断 ;男性患者行膀胱前列腺全切除 ,紧贴前列腺尖端离断尿道 ;女性行膀胱全切除的同时作子宫及附件切除。在下腹正中线上作 4～ 5cm切口 ,取出标本。将回肠拉出切口外 ,隔离 5 0cm回肠剖开后M形折叠形成贮尿囊 ,将输尿管末段 1cm插入贮尿囊后顶部作吻合。贮尿囊最低位开口与尿道断端 6针吻合 ,前 4例直视下作吻合 ,后 11例在腹腔镜下行尿道吻合。　结果　手术时间 5～ 10h ,平均 6 .5h ;出血量 2 0 0～ 10 0 0ml,平均 387ml。术后 3周KUB、IVU及代膀胱造影检查显示 :双肾显影良好 ,无输尿管返流及梗阻 ,代膀胱充盈良好 ,容量约 30 0ml,术后 4～ 6周内患者均恢复控尿功能。无排尿困难及尿失禁。　结论　腹腔镜下行膀胱全切除视野清楚 ,可减少出血 ,避免尿道括约肌损伤 ,保留海绵体神经血管束 ;减少肠管暴露时间 ,有利于术后肠道功能恢复 ,减少肠粘连。小切口取出标本 ,体外构建贮尿囊 ,吻合输尿管 ,可缩减手术时间     

腹腔镜下全膀胱切除原位回肠新膀胱术(附16例报告)

目的探讨在基层医院采用腹腔镜下全膀胱切除原位回肠新膀胱术的临床应用。方法对15例浸润性膀胱尿路上皮细胞癌Ⅱ～Ⅲ级、1例鳞状细胞癌患者行腹腔镜下全膀胱切除加原位回肠代膀胱术,观察手术时间、术中出血量、术后肠道功能恢复情况及术后并发症等手术效果。结果 16例患者膀胱根治均切除成功,手术时间240～320min。腹腔镜下失血量为100～500ml,平均为230ml。2例输浓缩红细胞2个单位。术后3d恢复肠蠕动并拔除耻骨后引流管,4d后开始进食。2周后拔除输尿管支架管。随访4～26个月,1例有排尿困难,5例术后早期出现轻微尿失禁,所有病例术后3个月均可完全控制排尿,5例男性患者有勃起功能障碍。16例均无复发。结论该术式具有微创、出血少、恢复快等特点,将成为治疗浸润性膀胱癌的安全、有效的方法之一,有可能在具有一定腹腔镜手术操作基础的基层医院逐步开展。     

腹腔镜全膀胱切除-原位回肠膀胱术（5例报告）

目的探讨腹腔镜全膀胱切除-新膀胱术的手术方法和临床效果。方法膀胱移行细胞癌患者5例，27-64岁（平均49．8岁）。均经腹腔镜下行全膀胱切除-原位回肠膀胱术，经腹壁切口取出标本，然后将回肠牵出切口截取40cm长回肠段，剖开建成“M”型贮尿囊，并与双侧输尿管吻合再置入腹腔与腹腔镜下行贮尿囊尿道吻合建成原位回肠膀胱。行回肠新膀胱术。结果5例手术均获成功，手术时间5-7h，平均6．0h。出血量200～510ml，平均340ml，无输血。术后2～3天恢复肠道功能。术后三个月随访时患者排尿良好，新膀胱无明显残余尿，容量200-350ml。结论腹腔镜全膀胱切除-原位回肠膀胱术创伤小、出血少、恢复快，很有前景，但还需要长时间随机对照和随访研究。     

腹腔镜膀胱根治性切除原位回肠新膀胱术

目的分析8例腹腔镜下膀胱根治性切除术加原位回肠新膀胱术的手术经验及术后效果。方法浸润性膀胱癌患者8例,均为男性,年龄61～76岁,平均68.5岁。腹腔镜下行根治性膀胱前列腺切除,延长脐下切口取出标本,于体外选择40cm回肠,对系膜缘切开后W形折叠形成新膀胱,双输尿管乳头状再植于新膀胱,腹腔镜下将新膀胱最低点与尿道残端行端端吻合。结果手术耗时4～7h,平均5.3h;出血量100～1100mL,平均250mL。术后平均肠道恢复时间3.9d。术后随访7～27个月（平均16.2个月）,患者排尿良好,行B超、IVU及新膀胱造影检查示：双肾显影良好,无输尿管返流及梗阻,新膀胱充盈良好,容量约300mL。结论腹腔镜下行膀胱全切原位回肠新膀胱术损伤小、出血量少、术后恢复快、生活质量高,短期随访临床效果满意。     

腹腔镜下根治性全膀胱切除+原位新膀胱术治疗进展

膀胱癌是泌尿系统发病率最高的恶性肿瘤,近年来其发病率仍然居高不下。全膀胱切除+尿流改道是手术治疗金标准。近年来腹腔镜手术以其创伤小、恢复快的优势逐渐进入人们的视野,腹腔镜下全膀胱切除术也逐渐被人们所接受。本文主要针对腹腔镜膀胱癌手术现状作一综述。     

腹腔镜膀胱根治性切除原位回肠新膀胱的随访疗效观察

目的随访探讨腹腔镜膀胱根治性切除原位回肠新膀胱术的疗效。方法 61例行腹腔镜膀胱根治性切除原位回肠新膀胱术的膀胱癌患者,随访1~24个月,每月定期门诊复查、电话等方式详细记录术后自主排尿情况等资料。结果所有患者均未见肿瘤复发。42例患者于拔除尿管后28~35d自控通畅排尿,每次尿量约180~410mL,每次间隔60~180min;13例患者出院后仍有不同程度日间尿失禁现象,6例有夜间尿失禁现象;3例术前性功能正常男性患者出现勃起功能障碍;彩超及静脉肾盂造影检查发现4例单侧肾积水,2例双肾积水。结论腹腔镜膀胱根治性切除原位回肠新膀胱术肿瘤控制好,患者术后可具有较好的控尿功能和较低的尿失禁发生率,部分有效保存性功能,能够有效确保患者的生活质量。     

完全腹腔镜下根治性膀胱切除回肠膀胱术的疗效观察

目的:探讨完全腹腔镜下根治性膀胱切除回肠膀胱术的可行性,并总结手术技巧。方法:回顾性分析3例膀胱肿瘤患者行完全腹腔镜下根治性膀胱切除回肠膀胱术的临床资料。结果:3例手术均获成功,手术时间分别为480、450和420min,出血量分别为400、750和330ml,肠道功能恢复时间分别为56、62和78h,引流管于术后8~15天拔除。术后住院时间分别为17、13和15d,术后4周拔除单J管。术中、术后均无并发症,无尿瘘、肠瘘或肠梗阻等发生。随访3~6个月,肾功能正常,无肾积水,未见肿瘤复发、转移等。结论:完全腹腔镜下根治性膀胱切除回肠膀胱术安全可行,但手术难度大,需熟练掌握腹腔镜操作技术后方可开展。     

根治性膀胱切除回肠去带乙状结肠原位膀胱术(附31例报告)

目的探讨双U形回肠原位膀胱和去带乙状结肠原位脐胱术的疗效。方法31例膀胱癌，全部行根治性膀胱切除术，其中10例行双U形回肠原位膀胱术，21例行盘带乙状结肠腺值膀胱术。结果31例手术时间4．5-7h，平均5．6h，31例随访1—36个月，平均19．5个月，两组病人均控尿良好，3例高氯血症，4例轻度腹泻（均为回肠组）。膀胱造影未见输尿管反流，IVU示左肾盂轻度积水3例，新膀胱容量220-400mL，平均315mL，新膀胱充盈时最大压力2．5-4．9kPa（回肠组）、2．1-5．8kPa（乙状结肠组）。结论双U形回肠和去带乙状结肠均为理想的贮尿囊，操作简单，并发症少，疗效可靠，而去带乙状结肠原值膀胱更接近生理膀胱，很少引起代谢紊乱和腹泻。     

腹腔镜膀胱癌根治—原位回肠新膀胱术(附5例报告)

目的探讨腹腔镜膀胱癌根治—原位回肠新膀胱术的临床疗效。方法 2008年11月至2011年4月,采用5点穿刺经腹入路,先行腹腔镜下膀胱癌根治,继而体外构建回肠新膀胱,最后腹腔镜下行新膀胱尿道吻合,实施腹腔镜膀胱癌根治—原位回肠新膀胱术5例。皆为男性,平均年龄67岁。结果手术时间420～600min,平均480min,术中失血量350～800ml,平均400ml。术后淋巴结及手术切缘均阴性。随访3～24个月,除1例有轻度夜间尿失禁外,其余患者均昼夜控尿良好。代膀胱充盈良好,容量200～350ml,平均270ml。平均最大尿流率12ml/s。1例出现勃起功能障碍。结论腹腔镜膀胱癌根治—原位回肠新膀胱术创伤小、出血少、并发症少且疗效满意。     

腹腔镜无管化兔头回肠原位新膀胱治疗浸润性膀胱癌：附视频

目的探索腹腔镜膀胱根治性切除及无管化兔头回肠原位新膀胱术治疗浸润性膀胱癌的初步经验。方法回顾分析2012年3月至2012年12月采用腹腔镜治疗浸润性膀胱癌3例,3例患者年龄分别为57、65及76岁。取回肠50cm,中部40cm剖开缝成“W形”新膀胱,两端各保留5cm肠管形似兔耳与新膀胱体呈兔头形状,两侧兔耳部分别植入两侧输尿管,术中双侧输尿管内未留置双J管或外支架管,回肠新膀胱无留置造瘘管,新膀胱底部与后尿道断端吻合,仅在新膀胱内留置双腔尿管。初步观察手术时间、并发症、住院日数等。结果手术时间为分别为380、402及430min,1例术后肠粘连,对症治疗后好转。无伤口感染、尿漏及其他并发症。结论腹腔镜无管化兔头回肠原位新膀胱术治疗经选择的浸润性膀胱癌是可行的。     

腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除加原位膀胱重建术治疗肌层浸润性膀胱癌的疗效观察(附26例报告)

目的:总结26例腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除、标准淋巴结清扫加尿流改道术的临床经验,评价此术式肿瘤学结果与功能性结果。方法:2005年8月～2011年5月对26例肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤患者实施腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除、标准淋巴结清扫加原位膀胱重建术,包括13例T型原位回肠膀胱、11例Studer原位回肠膀胱与2例乙状结肠原位回肠膀胱,对手术时间、清扫淋巴结数量、围手术期并发症、术中出血量、输血量、上尿路形态与功能、术后原位膀胱控尿情况进行分析。结果:平均手术时间为6.24(4～8)h,平均出血量为397(100～800)ml,平均输血量为109(0～800)ml,平均清扫淋巴结数15(5～30)个,1例淋巴结阳性,无围手术期死亡。围手术期并发症发生率为16.7%(4/26),其中1例术后血肌酐上升至214.9μmol/L,6天后下降至正常范围;2例新膀胱尿道吻合口漏,经引流治愈;1例输尿管新膀胱吻合口漏行手术修补。随访19.9(1～67)个月,生存率为92.3%(24/26);1例鳞癌死于广泛转移,1例于术后55个月因急性心肌梗塞死亡。原位膀胱重建患者日间完全控尿率达88%(22/25);夜间完全控尿率60%(15/25),小于1块尿垫24%(8/25)。上尿路检查提示19.2%(5/26)术后45天内出现双侧肾盂及输尿管轻度暂时性扩张,其中2例有暂时性血肌酐升高,但均在3个月之内恢复到正常范围。结论:腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除、标准淋巴结清扫加下腹壁小切口行尿流改道术取得了满意的肿瘤学与功能性结果;其长期疗效需要进一步随访。     

Laparoscopic assisted radical cystectomy with ileal neobladder: a comparison with the open approach

PURPOSE: To date, there have been only a few reports regarding the feasibility of the laparoscopic approach to radical cystectomy. In none of these cases has the laparoscopic approach been contrasted with a contemporary cohort of open cystectomy and diversion. Recently, we initiated laparoscopic assisted radical cystoprostatectomy and ileal neobladder (LACINB) wherein the cystoprostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissections are performed laparoscopically and the reconstructive portion is performed via a 15 cm Pfannenstiel incision. We present and compare our initial series of LACINB with radical cystectomy performed by the open approach (OCINB) during the same period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between September 2001 and February 2003, 13 men underwent LACINB and 11 underwent OCINB at our institution. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in operative time, blood loss or complication rates between the LACINB and OCINB groups. However, postoperative analgesic use was significantly less in the LACINB group. Time to start of a liquid diet, solid diet and length of hospitalization were also significantly less in the LACINB group vs the OCINB group. All margins in both groups were negative for bladder cancer, although 1 patient in the LACINB group had an incidentally found prostate cancer with a positive apical margin. CONCLUSIONS: LACINB is a feasible and reproducible procedure, which results in decreased postoperative pain and quicker recovery without a significant increase in operative time. However, longer followup is needed to assess long-term oncological and functional outcomes.     

腹腔镜下根治性膀胱切除回肠新膀胱术（附15例报告）

目的介绍腹腔镜下根治性膀胱切除回肠新膀胱术的方法及经验。方法本组15例，均为男性，年龄45～62岁，平均54岁。术前均明确诊断为浸润性膀胱癌。采用腹腔镜下行膀胱癌根治性切除，然后取长约40cm回肠于体外缝制贮尿囊及输尿管贮尿囊吻合，体内行贮尿囊尿道吻合术。结果手术时间5．5～8h，平均6．5h；出血量200～1100ml，平均550ml。术后8周静脉尿路造影以及代膀胱造影检查显示：双肾显影良好，无输尿管返流及梗阻，代膀胱充盈良好，容量约300ml。术后3个月全部患者日间控尿良好，7例患者夜间控尿良好，夜间排尿2～3次。结论腹腔镜下膀胱全切除、体外建成贮尿囊及输尿管再植、体内贮尿囊尿道吻合术创伤小、出血少、术后尿控率高、恢复快。     

经腹腔镜根治性全膀胱切除回肠原位代膀胱术11例

目的探讨腹腔镜技术在根治性全膀胱切除回肠原位代膀胱术中的应用价值。方法本组11例均为膀胱尿路上皮癌,TNM分期为T2aN0M07例、T3aN0M03例、T3bN0M01例,麻醉选择气管插管全身麻醉,采用五点穿刺法置入腹腔镜,手术方式为根治性全膀胱切除回肠原位代膀胱术。结果本组11例均手术顺利,无一例中转开放。手术时间为5～8h,平均7h;出血150～450ml,平均350ml。术后肠道功能恢复时间为2～5d,2例出现漏尿,均在14d内消失。术后随访时间为6～12个月,平均10个月。所有病例控尿情况均较理想,超声检查均未发现输尿管扩张、肾积水,2例代膀胱残余尿>100ml,均未发现复发及转移。结论根治性全膀胱切除回肠原位代膀胱术是膀胱癌治疗的一种有效方法。目前膀胱癌根治性切除术有开放性手术和经腹腔镜手术两种,与开放性手术比较,经腹腔镜手术虽具有诸多优势,但仍有必要对一些热点问题进行探讨,寻找更为合理的手术步骤、技巧和方法,从而进一步推动该项技术的发展。     

Laparoscopic radical cystectomy with orthotopic ileal neobladder: a report of 85 cases

PURPOSE: The preliminary results of laparoscopic radical cystectomy in 85 patients are presented in this study. The functional and oncologic outcomes of this procedure in these patients are discussed. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between December 2002 and May 2006, we performed 85 laparoscopic radical cystectomies with orthotopic ileal neobladder for bladder cancer in 77 men and 8 women. A 5-port transperitoneal approach was applied. The standard bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy was performed first, then radical cystectomy was completed laparoscopically. The construction of the ileal neobladder and the anastomosis of ureter-neobladder were performed extracorporeally. The neobladder was anastomosed to the urethral stump under laparoscopy. A nerve-sparing procedure was performed for eight patients. RESULTS: The median operative time was 320 min, and the median blood loss was 280 mL. Conversion to open surgery was not necessary in any of the patients. The average time to oral intake after operation was 3.9 days. There were no perioperative mortalities. The complication rate was 14.1% (12/85), including such complications as three uretero-pouch anastomotic strictures, one vesicourethral anastomotic stricture, one pouch-vaginal fistula, one colonic pouch fistula, one ileo-pouch fistula, three ileus, one pneumonia, and one pyelonephritis. The daytime continence rate was 91.2%, and the nighttime continence rate was 82.4% at 6 months postoperatively. The neobladder capacity was about 343 mL. Surgical margins were tumor free for all patients. Of the eight patients who underwent a nerve-sparing procedure, four patients had potency for intercourse. During a follow-up period of 1 to 41 months (average 21.3 months), three patients had local recurrence, one patient had trocar site seeding, and five patients had distant metastasis, of whom four died. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic radical cystectomy with extracorporeal formation of a neobladder is a feasible procedure with low morbidity and acceptable neobladder function. Long-term follow-up is needed to confirm the oncologic outcomes.