天年饮对亚急性衰老大鼠睾丸生精细胞增殖与凋亡的影响

目的　观察天年饮对亚急性衰老大鼠血清超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性、睾酮含量及睾丸生精细胞增殖与凋亡的影响。方法　 D-半乳糖连续腹腔注射制作亚急性衰老大鼠模型 ,检测各组大鼠天年饮灌胃前后血清 SOD的活性、睾酮的含量以及睾丸生精细胞增殖和凋亡的情况。结果　 D-半乳糖致亚急性衰老大鼠血清 SOD活性、睾酮含量及睾丸生精细胞 PCNA阳性表达率均明显下降 ,与正常组比较差异显著 (P<0 .0 1 ,P<0 .0 5) ;经天年饮灌胃后 ,三者均有明显提高。 D-半乳糖致亚急性衰老大鼠睾丸生精小管凋亡百分率及凋亡阳性细胞率均增高 ,与正常组比较差异显著 (P<0 .0 5) ;经天年饮灌胃后 ,二者均降低。结论　天年饮可显著提高亚急性衰老大鼠血清 SOD活性、睾酮含量及睾丸生精细胞 PCNA的表达水平 ,降低睾丸生精细胞的凋亡指数 ,因此 ,天年饮具有延缓性腺衰老的作用。     

肾气丸对衰老大鼠睾丸抗氧化能力和生精细胞凋亡的影响

目的观察肾气丸对衰老大鼠睾丸抗氧化能力和生精细胞凋亡的影响。方法 Wistar大鼠分成4组,制备D-半乳糖亚急性衰老大鼠模型,分别灌胃相应剂量的肾气丸或生理盐水;6 w后,检测血清睾酮和睾丸组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)水平及睾丸凋亡曲细精管数和凋亡细胞百分率。结果与正常组比较,模型组比较正常组,大鼠血清睾酮和睾丸组织SOD水平显著下降(P<0.01),睾丸组织MDA水平及凋亡曲细精管数和凋亡细胞百分率均显著升高(P<0.01);肾气丸可明显升高衰老模型大鼠血清睾酮和睾丸组织SOD水平(P<0.05或P<0.01),明显降低睾丸组织MDA水平及凋亡曲细精管数和凋亡细胞百分率(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论肾气丸可通过提高衰老大鼠血清睾酮水平、增强睾丸组织抗氧化能力及降低其生精细胞的凋亡指数,发挥延缓性腺衰老的作用。     

雄激素缺乏小鼠体内活性氧和Rb蛋白表达的变化及对心脏衰老的影响

目的 探讨小鼠体内雄激素水平缺乏对心脏衰老的影响.方法 实验分为正常C57BL/ 6J雄鼠组(n=8)、去势组(n=8)、睾丸女性化鼠(tfm)组(n=10)、衰老组(n=8).测定各组血清睾酮浓度,分离心肌组织测定组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)水平以及Western印迹测定去磷酸化Rb蛋白表达量.结果 与正常组相比,衰老组、去势组和tfm组血清睾酮浓度明显下降(P<0.01);心肌组织中SOD活性下降(P<0.05,P<0.01)、MDA含量增加(P<0.01);去磷酸化Rb蛋白表达量增加(P<0.01).与衰老组相比,去势组和tfm组SOD活性、MDA含量及去磷酸化Rb蛋白表达量差异无统计学意义.结论 体内雄激素水平缺乏可能通过增加活性氧水平(ROS)及Rb蛋白表达导致小鼠心肌组织衰老.     

细辛、杜仲及其合剂对亚急性衰老小鼠睾丸及血清睾酮影响的实验研究

目的研究细辛、杜仲及其合剂对亚急性衰老小鼠睾丸、精子及血清睾酮的影响。方法选昆明系雄性小鼠,用D-半乳糖制备衰老模型。应用光镜、电镜技术检测细辛、杜仲及其合剂治疗前后衰老小鼠睾丸及精子的形态学改变;放射免疫技术检测血清睾酮的变化。结果衰老小鼠睾丸重量减轻,生精细胞缺如,精子密度及活动率下降,血清睾酮含量明显降低(模型组与青年组比较:P<0.01);用药后,睾丸重量增加,生精小管增粗,生精细胞增多,生精过程活跃,精子密度及活动率明显提高,血清睾酮含量增加(P<0.05)。合剂组的作用优于杜仲组和细辛组(P<0.05)。结论细辛,杜仲及其合剂可改善衰老小鼠的生精功能,明显抑制衰老小鼠血清睾酮含量的下降,具有一定延缓衰老的作用。     

延衰合剂对D-半乳糖所致亚急性衰老小鼠睾丸及血清睾酮的影响

目的 观察延衰合剂(YSM)对D-半乳糖所致亚急性衰老小鼠睾丸及血清睾酮的影响.方法 选昆明系雄性小鼠,用D-半乳糖建立衰老模型.应用光镜、电镜技术观察延衰合剂治疗前后衰老小鼠睾丸的形态学改变;酶联免疫分析法检测血清睾酮的变化.结果 衰老小鼠生精细胞减少,生精小管变细,血清睾酮含量明显降低;用药后,生精小管增粗,生精细胞增多,间质细胞增多,血清睾酮含量增加(P<0.05).延衰合剂高剂量组作用优于补肾益寿胶囊组及延衰合剂低中剂量组(P<0.05).结论 延衰合剂可以改善衰老小鼠睾丸的形态结构,抑制衰老小鼠血清睾酮含量的下降,具有一定的延缓衰老的作用.     

蒙药高尤-9对衰老大鼠卵巢抗氧化活性及端粒酶活性的影响

目的 研究补肾蒙药高尤-9对衰老大鼠卵巢抗氧化活性和端粒酶活性的作用.方法 Wistar雌性大鼠分为4组,正常对照组和衰老模型组用生理盐水灌胃,给药组用高尤-9分别以每天4,1 g/kg的剂量灌胃,连续灌胃6 w后检测大鼠卵巢组织丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性及端粒酶活性.结果 蒙药高尤-9可明显提高衰老大鼠卵巢组织SOD和端粒酶活性,降低MDA含量,蒙药高尤-9用药组与衰老模型组比较差异显著(P＜0.05).结论 蒙药高尤-9可提高衰老大鼠卵巢抗氧化能力和端粒酶活性,具有抗大鼠卵巢衰老的作用.     

白藜芦醇对衰老模型小鼠的抗衰老作用

目的 探讨白藜芦醇(RES)对亚急性衰老模型小鼠的抗衰老作用.方法 将60只小鼠随机分成3组:对照组,给予腹腔注射生理盐水及生理盐水灌胃;模型组给予腹腔注射D-半乳糖及生理盐水灌胃;RES组给予腹腔注射D-半乳糖及RES灌胃;60 d后观察胸腺指数、脾脏指数、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、脂褐索含量、血清晚期糖基化终产物(AGEs)水平.结果 与对照组相比,模型组的胸腺指数和脾脏指数显著降低(P<0.05);肝、脑组织中SOD活性降低(P<0.05);肝、脑组织中MDA含量、脂褐素含量和血清AGEs水平升高(P<0.05);与模型组相比,RES组的胸腺指数和脾脏指数显著升高(P<0.05);SOD活性显著升高(P<0.05);MDA含量、脂褐素含量和血清AGEs水平显著降低(P<0.05).结论 RES具有较好的抗衰老作用.     

淫羊藿苷对D-半乳糖致衰老模型小鼠睾丸病变的影响

目的 研究淫羊藿苷对D-半乳糖致小鼠睾丸病变的影响.方法 雄性小鼠皮下注射D-半乳糖200 mg/kg连续30 d造成睾丸病变.从第31天起分别灌胃给予淫羊藿苷50,100 mg/kg,1次/d干预,连续20 d.结果 与正常对照组比较,睾丸、附睾、精囊腺重量指数下降;睾丸组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量明显下降,丙二醛(MDA)含量明显升高;血清睾酮下降,乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)及谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GT)活力降低;病理学检测可见生精上皮层变薄,各级生精细胞减少.淫羊藿苷50,100 mg/kg组上述现象明显改善(P<0.05).结论 淫羊霍苷对D-半乳糖致雄性小鼠睾丸损伤有明显的改善作用,其机制可能与其促进睾酮释放和抗氧化有关.     

睾丸生精功能局部调节因素的改变对衰老大鼠生精功能的影响

目的 探讨睾丸生精功能局部调节因素睾酮、胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)、表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)的改变对衰老大鼠生精功能的影响.方法 用D-半乳糖连续腹腔注射制作亚急性衰老大鼠模型,采用放射免疫分析法检测血清中睾酮含量;免疫组织化学法检测大鼠睾丸组织EGFR的表达;原位杂交法观测大鼠睾丸组织IGF-1 mRNA的分泌情况,并观察大鼠精子数量、活动度和存活率.结果 衰老大鼠血清睾酮明显下降,睾丸组织IGF-1 mRNA、EGFR表达明显减少,与正常对照组比较差异显著(P＜0.01);衰老大鼠精子的活动度、存活率和精子的数量均比正常对照组显著降低(P＜0.01).结论 睾丸生精功能局部调节因素IGF-1 mRNA、EGFR表达及血清睾酮的含量的改变,能够影响大鼠睾丸生精功能.     

白藜芦醇对亚急性衰老雄性小鼠生殖功能的作用

目的 探讨一定剂量的白藜芦醇对D-半乳糖所致亚急性衰老模型小鼠生殖系统的作用.方法 将30只C57小鼠随机分为6组:生理盐水组(NS);DMSO溶剂对照组(DMSO);D-半乳糖模型组(D-gal);低剂量白藜芦醇处理组(RES-L);高剂量白藜芦醇处理组(RES-H);维生素C阳性对照组(VC).给予D-半乳糖皮下注射和白藜芦醇灌胃后观察小鼠睾丸脏器指数,精子质量(包括精子密度,精子活力,精子活率,精子畸形率)以及血清SOD、MDA和血清睾酮水平(T)的变化及睾丸石蜡切片的HE染色和p53免疫组化.结果 各组之间睾丸脏器指数无明显变化;与D-gal组相比较,RES-H组小鼠精子密度升高,精子活率增加,精子活力增加,精子畸形率降低,小鼠血清T水平升高,血清SOD活力升高,血清MDA降低;睾丸石蜡切片HE染色见生精细胞减少,p53阳性细胞增加.结论 白藜芦醇对D-半乳糖所致亚急性衰老小鼠生殖系统功能有保护作用.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

治疗高血压药物的经济学评价

重视高血压治疗中的经济学评价,对利用我国有限的卫生资源来遏制高血压对人民群众的危害有着重要的现实意义。药物经济学对于药物治疗的成本和治疗的结果给予同样的关注。因为治疗高血压的费用,不仅涉及药物价格,还包括患者的危险水平,降压疗效和对临床终点事件的影响,以及治疗的依从性和安全性。因此药物经济学更强调整体成本和价-效比。低危病人,若非药价低廉,治疗的价-效比不够理想。而在高危的患者,价-效比越小越经济而不是药费越便宜越好。