成都市学龄儿童身体活动模式研究

[目的]了解成都市学龄儿童总体身体活动模式特点及问题,为科学指导儿童身体活动提供依据.[方法]整群抽取成都市城区两所小学4～6年级儿童作为研究对象,采用现况调查收集其近1周内闲暇时间身体活动、职业性身体活动、静坐活动、上下学交通方式及睡眠等信息,分析和评价儿童总体身体活动模式及性别年级差异.[结果]儿童最常见的活动类型为球类、跑步、散步;活动充足率为81.8%;参加体育训练率为45.2%;平均静坐活动时间为2.9h/d,71.7%儿童的静坐活动时间大于2 h/d;步行上下学比例为53.3%;51.7%儿童睡眠不足.身体活动模式存在性别年级差异.[结论]成都市学龄儿童身体活动模式有待改善.     

医学生亚健康现况调查

目的 了解医学生亚健康现状及主要表现.方法 采用分层整群抽样的方法,应用健康评定量表(SRHMS)对承德医学院各专业、各年级1581名学生进行现况调查.结果 医学生总体亚健康发生率69.2％,身体亚健康39.6％,心理亚健康52.6％,社会适应亚健康48.3％.9个维度亚健康发生率为:身体症状和器官功能48.1％,日常活动功能5.1％,身体活动功能24.9％,正向情绪41.6％,心理症状与负向情绪54.6％,认知功能36.6％,角色活动与社会适应41.4％,社会资源与社会接触27.0％,社会支持33.8％.主要表现有毫无理由地害怕、心神不宁、孤独感、视力差、睡眠不足、精神紧张、情绪低落、做事反复、社会支持差、参加社会或集体活动少、对亚健康的认知功能差等.结论 医学生身体健康状况相对较好,但心理、社会适应亚健康水平较高,应引起关注.     

孕妇在不同孕期的身体活动水平及其影响因素

目的 了解我国孕妇在不同孕期的身体活动水平,分析持续身体活动不足的影响因素.方法 本研究以中国孕产妇队列研究.协和(Chinese Pregnant Women Cohort Study,CPWCS)项目中完成孕早期、孕中期、孕晚期随访的孕妇为研究对象.通过基线调查获取孕妇的一般信息,通过国际体育活动问卷对孕妇在三个孕...     

睡眠时长和睡眠质量在农村老人体力活动和认知功能间的中介作用

目的 分析睡眠时长和睡眠质量在成都市农村老年居民的体力活动水平和认知功能间的中介作用。方法 采用多阶段随机抽样法,于2020年10月在成都市农村地区招募年满60岁的研究对象。本研究共纳入研究对象732名。采用老年人体力活动量表（physical activity scale for the elderly）、认知状况电话访谈问卷（telephone interview for cognitive status）等工具进行问卷调查。采用线性回归模型分析体力活动水平对认知功能的影响,采用中介软件包（mediation package）探究睡眠时长和睡眠质量的中介作用。结果 体力活动对认知功能具有正向影响（β=0.004,P<0.01）;睡眠时长在体力活动与认知功能间存在部分中介效应（P<0.05）,中介效应为0.000 4,总效应为0.004 1,中介效应占比7.74%;睡眠质量在体力活动与认知功能间存在部分中介效应（P<0.01）,中介效应为0.000 9,总效应为0.003 6,中介效应占比19.18%。结论 为了预防和延缓认知功能下降,农村老年居民应坚持参加体力活动...     

有氧体能和儿童的认知神经功能

经常参加身体活动不仅能提高身体健康,也能改善心理功能。近年来大量研究通过考察有氧体能等对儿童认知神经功能的影响,来论证身体活动具有促进儿童学习和认知功能的效益。已有研究发现,儿童的有氧体能与其学习和认知表现有着积极关联,表现为有氧体能更好的儿童,其学业表现和认知水平更好,锻炼是促进儿童认知神经功能的一种简单有效方法。本文对相关研究进展作了回顾,提出了已有研究的不足之处,并指出未来研究需要考虑的问题。     

大学生身体活动知信行及代谢当量调查研究

目的了解大学生对身体活动的认知、身体活动水平及代谢当量的基本特点,为大学生养成良好身体活动习惯,提高自身健康水平提供依据。方法采用国际身体活动问卷(短卷)(International Physical Activity Questionnaire,IPAQ-short)及身体运动认知测试表,利用分层随机抽样方法抽取300名大学生进行问卷调查。结果共收集有效问卷244份,医学、文史、理工专业分别占34.43%、29.10%、36.47%。大学生对身体活动7个维度的认知均处在较好的水平。其中对放松和释放压力维度认知最好(85.66%),其次是对健康和身体适应力、形象体型、社会交往、竞争、挑战和成就、娱乐和享受维度的认知,"良好"及以上分别为84.43%、83.20%、80.32%、75.00%、74.18%和63.12%。不同专业(χ~2=9.82,P=0.007)、年级(Z=-3.12,P=0.002)和年龄(χ~2=11.47,P=0.003)的大学生对身体运动的认知差异有统计学意义。大学生身体活动代谢当量的中位数均低于其均数,中度身体活动量最小,步行身体活动量最大。不同专业学生的步行量、中等身体活动量、大强度身体活动量、总身体活动量水平差异均有统计学意义(χ~2=24.45、14.61、7.54、26.82,均P0.05)。不同年级的大学生各个身体活动水平差异有统计学意义,低年级学生高于高年级学生(Z=-4.46、-3.78、-2.37、-4.83,均P0.05)。结论大学生对身体活动的认知较好,但中度身体活动量较低。专业、年级、性别和年龄可能是大学生身体活动的影响因素。     

广西百岁老人生活质量现状及其相关影响因素研究

目的 探索广西百岁老人生活质量现状及相关影响因素.方法 采取整群抽样和普查相结合的方法,抽取广西7个县(市)共228名百岁老人.采用人户调查的方法,询问一般情况、生活质量现状、身体机能和认知功能,同时进行体格检测并采集血样标本进行血生化指标检测.结果 广西百岁老人生活质量平均得分为(55.23±20.19)、生理健康平均得分为(45.49±24.11)、心理健康平均得分为(64.97±20.95);多因素逐步多元线性回归分析显示,生理健康与认知功能、身体机能呈正相关,身体机能、认知功能评分越高,生理健康评分就越高(P值分别为＜0.001和0.004);心理健康与身体机能呈正相关(P＜0.001),与地区呈负相关(P=0.012);生活质量与认知功能、身体机能呈正相关,身体机能、认知功能评分越高,生活质量评分就越高(P值分别为＜0.001和0.018).结论 改善广西百岁老人生活质量需从认知功能和身体机能两方面采取有针对性的措施.     

中国9个长寿地区80岁及以上人群血尿酸与认知功能受损的关联研究

目的分析中国长寿地区80岁及以上人群血尿酸水平与认知功能受损的关联。方法研究对象来自2017—2018年在我国9个长寿地区开展的“老年健康生物标志物队列研究”,共纳入1622名血尿酸和认知功能得分数据完整的80岁及以上研究对象。通过问卷调查和体格检查,收集调查对象的人口学特征、生活方式及健康状况等信息;同时采集调查对象的静脉血以检测血尿酸等水平,采用基于教育程度的认知受损评价标准评定研究对象的认知功能受损情况,并采用二分类广义估计方程(GEE)分析血尿酸水平与认知功能受损的关联,并进一步分析不同年龄、体重指数(BMI)对象血尿酸水平与认知功能受损的关联。结果1622名研究对象年龄为(92.2±8.1)岁,其中男性656名(40.4%);血尿酸为(343.3±86.2)μmol/L;482名(29.7%)认知功能受损。二分类GEE模型分析结果显示,调整相关混杂因素后,与Q1组相比,Q₂、Q₃、Q₄组的认知受损风险逐渐降低,OR(95%CI)值分别为0.99(0.71~1.33)、0.87(0.68~0.94)及0.69(0.48~0.85),且具有线性趋势(P<0.001);80~89岁年龄组、BMI<24 kg/m2组血尿酸水平与认知功能受损的关联更为显著(P交互值<0.05)。结论在中国长寿地区高龄老年人中高血尿酸水平与认知功能受损患病风险呈负向关联。     

云南省中老年人认知功能水平及其影响因素分析

[目的]了解云南省社区中老年人认知功能状况及其影响因素。[方法]采用多阶段抽样方法选取调查对象,项目组统一制作调查问卷,面对面调查了1499名50岁及以上中老年人的一般人口学情况、生活方式、认知功能、日常生活活动能力等资料。拟合多元线性回归模型探索影响认知功能的因素。[结果]所有50岁及以上调查对象的词语回忆平均得分为5.31分,语言流畅度平均得分13.76分,顺序数字记忆平均得分7.60分,倒序数字记忆平均得分3.11分;影响认知功能的独立因素是教育水平、ADL、年龄、饮酒、婚姻状况,均为P0.05。[结论]年龄大于70岁、文化程度低、体力活动少、ADL差、丧偶独居者是认知功能减退的高危人群;增加体力活动、日常生活活动能力锻炼、参加社交活动、适量饮酒有助于维持较好的认知功能。     

可穿戴设备与身体活动在慢性病管理中应用的机遇与挑战

正背景有研究证明增加身体活动能够有效预防和延缓心脏病、糖尿病、癌症等慢性非传染性疾病(慢性病)的发病,积极的身体活动对慢性病患者的身体健康具有诸多益处,例如降低慢性病恶化、继发疾病及死亡的风险[1]。同时,身体活动能够降低患者认知功能障碍和机体功能衰退,从而进一步提高患者精神健康及生活质量[2]。因此,当务之急是需要制订相关策略帮助慢性病患者及慢     

中国四省55岁及以上人群睡眠时长与轻度认知功能障碍的关联性

目的 探索中老年人睡眠时长与轻度认知功能障碍(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)的关联性.方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,于2018年5-8月份抽取河北、浙江、陕西、湖南4个省32个县中5334名55岁及以上居民[男性2362人,女性2972人,年龄(67.43±7.48)岁],通过问...     

老年2型糖尿病合并高血压患者认知功能改变特点及危险因素研究

目的分析老年2型糖尿病合并高血压患者认知功能的改变特点和相关危险因素。方法选取2016年9月—2017年6月在上海市普陀区真如镇社区卫生服务中心门诊和住院诊治的225例老年患者为研究对象,其中单纯糖尿病患者78例为A组,单纯高血压患者84例为B组,糖尿病合并高血压患者63例为C组,收集患者的一般资料,测定生化指标。采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Montreal Cognitive Assessment,Mo CA)、简易智能状态量表(Mini-Mental State Examination,MMSE)对三组患者进行认知功能评价,了解患者认知功能的改变特点。根据Mo CA评分,将225例患者筛选出轻度认知障碍(MCI)组86例和非MCI组139例,分析两组患者认知功能的改变特点和相关危险因素。结果 C组Mo CA评分明显低于A组、B组,C组命名、注意力明显低于B组,三组之间抽象思维差异有统计学意义;C组患者MCI发生率明显高于A组和B组(P0.05)。MCI组与非MCI组患者在年龄、受教育年限、FPG、Hb A1c和HCY的差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。多元回归分析结果显示:年龄、HCY和Hb A1c是老年患者发生认知功能损害的危险因素,受教育年限是发生认知功能损害的保护因素(P0.05)。结论老年2型糖尿病合并高血压患者MCI发生率明显高于单纯糖尿病组和单纯高血压组。     

蒙特利尔认知评估量表在老年轻度认知功能障碍筛查中的应用

目的探讨蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）在老年轻度认知功能障碍（MCI）患者筛查中的应用。方法选择老年MCI患者56例为MCI组和认知功能正常者50例为对照组,分别给予MoCA、简易精神状态检查量表（MMSE）评估,并分析评估结果。结果 MCI组和对照组MoCA总分明显低于MMSE总分（P〈0.01）。MoCA筛查MCI的敏感性为96.4%、特异性为84%;MMSE筛查MCI的敏感性为35.7%、特异性为100%。MoCA中除定向力项外,总分及其余各亚项的评分在MCI组和对照组间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论 MoCA为高敏感性的MCI筛查工具,能全面评估MCI患者的认知功能,筛查MCI的敏感性优于MMSE。     

2018-2019年中国四省55岁及以上人群认知功能现状及人口经济学影响

目的 了解中国四省55岁及以上人群的认知功能现状,分析人口经济学因素对认知功能的影响.方法 于2018-2019年采用分层多阶段整群随机抽样的方法,在河北、浙江、陕西及湖南省共32个社区抽取5103名55岁及以上人群作为研究对象(男性2294名,女性2809名;55-64岁1875名,65～74岁2197名,75～94...     

孤独感对社区老年人轻度认知障碍的影响

目的 了解重庆市社区老年人孤独感与轻度认知障碍（mild cognitive impairment, MCI）的现状,探讨孤独感对老年人MCI的影响。方法 采用多阶段随机抽样方法,选取重庆市9个社区的1375例老年人作为研究对象,采用UCLA孤独量表和蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）调查社区老年人的孤独感和MCI状况。结果 社区老年人孤独感得分为36.36±7.67分,中等及以上水平孤独感者占43.78％。老年人MoCA总分为24.65±3.78分,MCI的检出率为28.44％。不同水平孤独感老年人的MoCA总分及其各维度得分均具有统计学差异（P＜0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示,中等水平孤独感（OR=1.476,95％CI:1.047～2.079）和高水平孤独感（OR=1.731,95％CI:1.026～2.921）是社区老年人MCI的危险因素。结论 社区老年人孤独感和MCI的检出率较高,且孤独感水平越高,MCI的检出率越高。社区工作人员应采取措施减轻老年人的孤独状况,从而延缓其认知功能的下降,改善老年人的生活质量。     

蒙特利尔认知量表中文版诊断老年轻度认知功能损害的应用研究

目的探讨蒙特利尔认知量表(Montreal cognitive assessment,MoCA)中文版诊断老年轻度认知功能损害(mildcognitive impairment,MCI)的效能。方法选取73例MCI患者为MCI组和51例认知功能正常者为对照组,对两组进行均衡性检验及MoCA中文版评估。结果 MCI组MoCA总分、视空间功能、命名、计算力、语言、抽象及延迟回忆项得分显著低于对照组(P<0.01);以26分作为分界值,MoCA中文版诊断MCI结果与Petersen诊断标准结果相比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.289),诊断符合率为0.935、敏感度为0.918、特异度为0.961、阳性预测值为0.971、阴性预测值为0.961。结论 MoCA中文版适于MCI患者的早期筛查和初步诊断。     

The Optimal Short Version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment in Diagnosing Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia

ObjectivesWhile various short variants of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) have been developed, they have not been compared among each other to determine the most optimal variant for routine use. This study evaluated the comparative performance of the short variants in identifying mild cognitive impairment or dementia (MCI/dementia).DesignBaseline data of a cohort study.SettingAlzheimer's Disease Centers across the United States.ParticipantsParticipants aged ≥50 years (n = 4606), with median age 70 (interquartile range 65-76).MeasuresParticipants completed MoCA and were evaluated for MCI/dementia. The various short variants of MoCA were compared in their performance in discriminating MCI/dementia, using areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs).ResultsAll 7 short variants of MoCA had acceptable performance in discriminating MCI/dementia from normal cognition (AUC 87.7%-91.0%). However, only 2 variants by Roalf et al (2016) and Wong et al (2015) demonstrated comparable performance (AUC 88.4-88.9%) to the original MoCA (AUC 89.3%). Among the participants with higher education, only the variant by Roalf et al had similar AUC to the original MoCA. At the optimal cut-off score of <25, the original MoCA demonstrated 84.4% sensitivity and 76.4% specificity. In contrast, the short variant by Roalf et al had 87.2% sensitivity and 72.1% specificity at its optimal cut-off score of <13.Conclusions/implicationsThe various short variants may not share similar diagnostic performance, with many limited by ceiling effects among participants with higher education. Only the short variant by Roalf et al was comparable to the original MoCA in identifying MCI or dementia even across education subgroups. This variant is one-third the length of the original MoCA and can be completed in <5 minutes. It provides a viable alternative when it is not feasible to administer the original MoCA in clinical practice and can be especially useful in nonspecialty clinics with large volumes of patients at high risk of cognitive impairment (such as those in primary care, geriatric, and stroke prevention clinics).     

Oily Fish Intake and Cognitive Performance in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Atahualpa Project

Due to their high content of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, oily fish consumption is likely associated with a better cognitive performance. However, information on this association is controversial, with some studies showing a positive effect while others showing no association. We aimed to assess the effects of oily fish consumption on cognitive performance in a population of frequent fish consumers living in rural coastal Ecuador. Atahualpa residents aged ≥60 years were identified during a door-to-door survey and evaluated by the use of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Oily fish servings per week were calculated in all participants. We estimated whether fish intake correlated with MoCA scores in generalized multivariate linear models adjusted for demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, edentulism and symptoms of depression. Out of 330 eligible persons, 307 (93 %) were enrolled. Mean MoCA scores were 19 ± 4.8 points, and mean oily fish consumption was 8.6 ± 5.3 servings per week. In multivariate analyses, MoCA scores were related to fish servings (β 0.097, 95 % CI 0.005–0.188, p = 0.038). Locally weighted scatterplot smoothing showed an inflection point in the total MoCA score curve at four fish servings per week. However, predictive margins of the MoCA score were similar across groups below and above this point, suggesting a direct linear relationship between oily fish intake and cognitive performance. Simple preventive measures, such as modifying dietary habits might be of value to reduce the rate of cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults living in underserved populations.     

The association between well-being and a large variation of accelerometer-assessed physical activity and sedentary behavior measures

Higher well-being has been associated with more physical activity (PA) and less sedentary behavior (SB), both when assessed by self-report or accelerometers. Most studies using accelerometer data only examined estimates of total volume or daily average of PA/SB in relation to well-being. Taking into account the richness of accelerometer data, we investigated the association of different measures of SB, light PA (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and well-being including the combined effect and the PA/SB timing and patterns. We explored whether results differed between occupational and non-occupational time.In an adult sample (n = 660, M_age: 30.4, SD = 8.1, 74.5% female), we applied pre-registered analyses. First, we created different global scores of SB, LPA and MVPA based on 4 to 7-days of Actigraph data and investigated associations with well-being, i.e., defined as life satisfaction. These analyses were done using raw scores and transformed scores using compositional data analysis. Next, we applied multilevel models including time of the day and well-being as predictors of PA/SB. Finally, we clustered participants based on PA/SB intensity, timing and accumulation and explored differences in well-being across clusters.In total wear time, there were no associations between different measures of SB/LPA/MVPA and well-being. Restricting to non-occupational wear time, less total SB and more total LPA were associated with higher well-being, both in absolute and relative sense. Well-being was not associated with the PA/SB timing or patterns. In conclusion, beyond the association between total non-occupational SB and LPA and well-being, the PA/SB timing or patterns had no added value in explaining the association between PA/SB and well-being.     

Effects of Matcha Green Tea Powder on Cognitive Functions of Community-Dwelling Elderly Individuals

Matcha Green Tea Powder contains a variety of active ingredients beneficial to health, such as tea catechins, lutein and vitamin K. It is also known that these ingredients confer benefits upon cognitive functions of elderly people. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between a daily supplementation of Matcha and the change in cognitive functions of community-dwelling elderly people. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 12-week trial was performed. Sixty-one participants were recruited and randomly assigned to receive test drink containing 3 g powder from fresh Matcha or placebo powder per day. Changes in cognitive function were assessed utilizing a psychometric test battery. Daily food intake was assessed by a Brief-type Self-administered Diet History Questionnaire (BDHQ). In the gender-specific analysis, a significant cognitive enhancement was observed in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score in the active group of women. In dietary analysis, we found a significant inverse correlation between consumption of vitamin K in daily diet, excluding test drinks, and change in MoCA. The present study suggests that daily supplementation of Matcha Green Tea Powder has protective effects against cognitive decline in community-dwelling elderly women.