空心髋螺钉固定髋关节内股骨颈骨折的X线透视导航手术

本文旨在介绍在X线透视导航下空心髋螺钉固定髋关节内股骨颈骨折的手术方法。发现X线透视导航可优化螺钉的固定位置和减少髋关节内股骨颈骨折固定术中X线的辐射。     

Comparative study of multiple cancellous screws versus sliding hip screws in femoral neck fractures of young adults

Purpose: Both cannulated cancellous screw (CCS) and sliding hip screw (SHS) are used in femoral neckfracture fixations, but which is superior is yet to be determined. This study was aimed to compare the clinicoradiological outcome of femoral neck fracture treated with SHS or CCS in young adults.Methods: Adults (16-60 years) with femoral neck fracture were divided into Group 1 fixed with SHS andGroup 2 fixed with three CCS after closed reduction. Pain relief, functional recovery and postoperative radiographs at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and then yearly for upto 4 years were analyzed.Results: Group 1 (n=40) achieved radiological union at mean of 7.6 months, with the union rate of 87.5% (n=35), avascular necrosis (AVN) rate of 7.5% (n=3) and mean Harris Hip Score (HHS) of 86.15 at the end of 4 years. In Group 2 (n=45) these parameters were union at 7.1 months, union rate of 82.22%(n=37), AVN rate of 6.67% (n=3) and HHS of 88.65. Comparative results were statistically insignificant.Conclusion: There is no significant difference in clinicoradiological outcome between the two implants.     

Malunion in displaced intracapsular fracture of femoral neck: A rare case

Intracapsular fracture of femoral neck is treated by anatomical reduction (preferably closed) and cannulated cancellous lag screw fixation. Malunion of these fractures have been described in the coronal plane (coxa valga or coxa vara). We reported a case of young adult patient with displaced intracapsular fracture of femoral neck that had malunited in sagittal plane with callus formation with excellent functional outcome. The radiographs revealed intracapsular fracture of femoral neck right side (Garden type 4 and Pauwel type 3). The patient was operated and closed reduction and internal fixation with three cannulated cancellous screws was performed. The postoperative radiograph revealed a loss of reduction in the lateral view. Due to this technical error, the patient was counselled for revision fixation for which he refused. At 9 months we observed union of the fracture in the displaced position by callus formation. Harris hip score at 2 years was 96 that indicate excellent functional outcome and the radiographs did not reveal any evidence of avascular necrosis of femoral head. We advised revision surgery to our patient as he had increased chances of implant failure and nonunion. However he refused the revision surgery and was continued with the suboptimal reduction. However, the fracture united and that too with callus formation, which is not a described phenomenon in neck of femur fracture.     

Quadratus femoris muscle pedicle bone flap transplantation in the treatment offemoral neck fracture for Chinese young and middle-aged patients: A systematicreview and meta-analysis

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of quadratus femoris muscle pedicle bone flap transplantation combined with hollow compression screw fixation versus AO hollow compression screw fixation in the treatment of femoral neck fracture for Chinese young and middle-aged patients.Methods: Case-controlled studies (CCTs) were used to compare the two operative methods in the treatment of femoral neck fractures. Data were retrieved from the Cochrane Library, Pubmed Database, CNKI, Chinese Biomedical Database.Wanfang Data published during the period of January 2005 to December 2014. Methodological quality of the trials was critically assessed, and relevant data were extracted. Statistical Software Revman 5.0 was used for data-analysis.Results: Eight articles were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that there was statistical significance in the rate of fracture healing [OR = 5.43, 95% CI (2.89, 10.20), p < 0.05], the rate of good function of hip joint [OR = 5.12, 95% CI (3.21, 8.17), p < 0.05], the rate of femoral head necrosis [OR = 4.21, 95% CI (2.02, 8.76), p < 0.05], the time of fracture healing [WMD = 46.85, 95% CI ( 65.13, 28.56), p < 0.05] between the two groups.Conclusions: For the treatment of femoral neck fractures, the transplantation of quadratus femoris muscle pedicle bone flap combined with hollow compression screw; fixation is superior to the AO hollow compression screw fixation in terms of the rate; of fracture healing, the rate of good function of hip joint, the rate of femoral head; necrosis and the time of fracture healing.     

经皮双头空心加压螺钉治疗股骨颈骨折

股骨颈骨折是老年人常见的损伤，股骨颈骨折的不愈合率及股骨头坏死率分别为10％～30％和20％～40％，骨折的部位和移位程度是影响股骨颈骨折预后的根本因素。目前，国内外对多针固定的优点已产生共识，空心加压螺钉已成为治疗股骨颈骨折的首选方法。1998年6月-2001年6月，我们采用3枚双头加压空心螺钉治疗股骨颈骨折，取得了较满意疗效，现总结如下。     

股骨颈空心钉取出困难分析与探讨

闭合复位加空心钉固定治疗股骨颈骨折仍然是临床可供选择的有效方法。自2003年9月-2005年3月发生骨折愈合后空心钉取出困难患者6例,现就其发生的原因及处理做一分析探讨。1临床资料本组6例,男4例,女2例;年龄32~68岁。均为闭合复位加压空心钉内固定术后,最长术后4年3个月,最短术     

股骨颈系统和空心加压螺钉治疗青壮年不稳定性股骨颈骨折短期随访

目的：探讨股骨颈动力交叉螺钉系统（femoral neck system,FNS）与3枚空心加压螺钉（cannulate compression screw,CCS）治疗青壮年不稳定性股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法：回顾分析2018年8月至2021年8月收治的52例青壮年不稳定性股骨颈骨折患者临床资料,根据内固定方式分为两组,25例行FNS固定,27例行闭合复位3枚CCS倒三角形分布内固定。记录并比较两组患者的手术时间、切口长度、术中出血量、住院费用、骨折复位质量;术后定期随访患者,比较两组患者骨折愈合时间、术后完全负重时间、术后并发症发生（骨不连、股骨颈短缩、股骨头坏死等）。术后6个月采用Harris评分评估髋关节功能。结果：两组患者手术均顺利完成,FNS组患者出血量多于CCS组、切口长度大于CCS组、住院费用高于CCS组（P<0.01）。两组患者手术时间及术中复位Garden指数比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组患者均获得随访,时间6~32个月。FNS组骨折愈合时间少于CCS组,术后完全负重时间早于CCS组,髋关节Harris评分高于CCS组（P<0.01）。两组患者随访期间均未发生内固定断裂并发症,FNS组发生股骨头缺血性坏死4例、股骨颈短缩2例,其中3例因股骨头缺血性坏死行全髋关节置换术;CCS组发生骨不连2例、股骨头缺血性坏死9例、股骨颈短缩11例,其中5例因骨不连、股骨头缺血性坏死行全髋关节置换术。结论：FNS具有操作简单、兼具旋转稳定和成角稳定,使患者能尽早开始功能锻炼,降低不稳定性股骨颈骨折术后并发症发生率,是治疗青壮年不稳定性股骨颈骨折的新选择。     

同侧髋臼骨折合并股骨颈骨折行一期全髋关节置换术的临床研究

目的探讨同侧髋臼骨折合并股骨颈骨折行一期全髋关节置换（THA）的手术方法及其疗效。方法2003年7月至2006年3月,对5例同侧髋臼骨折合并股骨颈骨折的患者行一期THA,均采用生物型人工髋关节,强调髋臼重建结构的稳定性,随访21～54个月（平均34．4个月）;手术距受伤时间5～42d（平均18．6d）。3例2周内手术者,尽可能解剖复位内固定,2例超过4周手术者,在骨折畸形愈合的基础上,不剥离骨痂,给予结构性植骨并重塑髋臼。结果按HHS评分为87．6分,其中优2例,良2例,可1例,随访期间未发生感染、松动和异位骨化等并发症。结论对同侧髋臼骨折合并股骨颈骨折的患者行一期THA,能取得较好疗效,避免切开复位内固定引起的治疗周期长,高并发症,疗效差,甚至短期再次行THA等缺点;重视髋臼结构的稳定性和有翻修经验的医师参与是提高手术疗效的关键。     

股骨头毁损三联征:股骨头骨折-脱位合并股骨颈骨折

股骨头合并同侧股骨颈骨折是一种严重而复杂的创伤,保髋手术大多会失败。其治疗的难点及预后的关键在股骨颈骨折上。鉴于股骨颈骨折的发生与股骨头骨折-脱位之间存在明显的、前后关联的贯序特点,笔者认为以股骨头毁损三联征（disastrous triad of femoral head,DTFH）来概括这种类型的损伤,更能反映其损伤机制和预后特点。结合临床观察和文献资料,DTFH可分为3个类型：Ⅰ型,普通型DTFH,股骨颈骨折的发生紧随于股骨头骨折-脱位之后,是同一暴力造成的损伤;Ⅱ型,医源型DTFH,是在股骨头骨折-脱位的诊疗过程中发生了医源性股骨颈骨折;Ⅲ型,应力型DTFH,发生于股骨头骨折-脱位的治疗之后,在股骨头骨折面的远侧缘发生应力性股骨颈骨折。本文对各型DTFH的临床特点进行了初步的讨论。     

高龄股骨颈基底部粉碎性骨折人工股骨头置换术

随着人们生活水平的提高,高龄人群增多,发生股骨颈及粗隆间骨折呈逐年上升趋势。由于高龄股骨颈基底部粉碎性骨折,常伴有严重骨质疏松、骨折块复杂,处理十分棘手。近3年我科处理16例此类病例,报告如下。1临床资料16例中女13例,男3例;年龄76～101岁,平均84.5岁。骨折粉碎块:3块9     

The clinical significance of impaction at the femoral neck fracture site in the elderly

Introduction Factors influencing clinical outcomes of osteosynthesis for elderly patients with Garden stage I and II femoral neck fractures are not well understood. Materials and methods To determine the factors influencing the clinical outcomes of in situ osteosynthesis in non-displaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly, radiographs and clinical data of patients were retrospectively analyzed. The subjects were 49 patients with femoral neck fractures (Garden stages I and II), who underwent osteosynthesis, with correctly inserted screws and with more than 2 years of follow up. The relationships between preoperative anteroposterior X-ray parameters including Garden stage, the presence or absence of spikes, the Singh grade, the Garden alignment index, the degree of impaction at the fracture site (the capital impaction index) and postoperative outcomes were analyzed. Results Among the 49 cases, there were eight unsuccessfully treated patients, two with non-union and six with late segmental collapse. The “without spikes” fracture type (P < 0.05) and the degree of capital impaction when the capital impaction index (P < 0.0001) was greater than the mean plus the standard deviation, were significantly associated with unsuccessful outcomes. Conclusion Excessive shortening at the fracture site on the anteroposterior radiograph in the femoral neck fracture of Garden stages I and II can be used to predict poor outcomes from in situ osteosynthesis.     

SPECT-CT评价股骨颈骨折后股骨头血供的变化

目的利用SPECT-CT观察不同分型股骨颈骨折后股骨头血供的变化和股骨头不同部位血供的分布情况。方法回顾性分析76例股骨颈骨折后股骨头的SPECT-CT检查资料,股骨颈骨折采用Garden分型,并将股骨头分为外上方（A）、外下方（B）和内下方（C）三个区域,分别计算患/健股骨头核素比值和三个区域与健侧股骨头核素计数比值,比较股骨颈不同类型骨折、同种骨折股骨头不同部位血供的变化。结果 GardenⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ型患/健比均值分别为：2.6、1.7、0.7和0.4（F=2.34,P〈0.05）。股骨头外上方、外下方和内下方与健侧股骨头的核素比分别为：（GardenⅠ型）1.9、3.2、2.4（F=3.85,P〈0.05）,（GardenⅡ型）1.3、2.3、1.6（F=4.56,P〈0.05）,（GardenⅢ型）0.3、0.9、0.5（F=3.47,P〈0.05）,（GardenⅣ型）0.1、0.6、0.3（F=2.73,P〈0.05）。结论股骨颈骨折移位程度越大,股骨头血供破坏越严重,尤其是股骨头的外上方部位血供下降程度最为明显。     

前侧小切口切开复位内固定治疗股骨颈骨折的临床研究

目的探讨前侧小切口切开复位内固定治疗移位型股骨颈骨折的效果。方法2005至2007年间,本组共收治疗65岁以下股骨颈骨折的患者179例,笔者对其中因闭合复位失败,行前侧小切口切开复位,加外侧小切口置入内固定空心钉并获随访的22例股骨颈骨折患者进行回顾性分析,其中男9例,女13例,年龄21～58岁。受伤原因为高处跌落、摔伤或交通事故,手术时间为伤后2—14d;骨折分型：GardenⅢ型15例,GardenⅣ型7例,其中经颈型17例,头下型5例。平均随访20个月。结果22例患者中复位优良者7例,复位良好者15例。出现股骨头坏死有5例（22．7％）,未发现骨不连患者,骨折愈合且未出现股骨头坏死者17例（77．2％）。5例股骨头坏死的患者中,仅3例有轻度疼痛或无明显疼痛而不需要行关节置换,均建议行体外震波治疗,另外2例股骨头坏死塌陷明显,建议行全髋关节置换手术,其中1例为股骨颈粉碎性骨折。结论虽然前侧小切口切开复位内固定治疗移位型股骨颈骨折,未能减少股骨头坏死的发生率,但由于其与传统的切口相比,仍然具有手术创伤小、时间短、术中出血少及术后康复快等优点。     

Bone impregnated hip screw in femoral neck fracture: Clinicoradiological results

Background:

Femoral neck fractures are treated either by internal fixation or arthroplasty. Usually, cannulated cancellous screws are used for osteosynthesis of fracture neck of femur. The bone impregnated hip screw (BIHS) is an alternative implant, where osteosyntehsis is required in femoral neck fracture.

Materials and Methods:

The BIHS is a hollow screw with thread diameter 8.3 mm, shank diameter 6.5 mm and wall thickness 2.2 mm and holes in the shaft of the screw with diameter 2 mm, placed in a staggered fashion. Biomechanical and animal experimental studies were done. Clinical study was done in two phases: Phase 1 in a group of volunteers, only with BIHS was used in a pilot study and phase 2 comparative study was done in a group with AO cannulated screws and the other group treated with BIHS.

Results:

In the phase 1 study, out of 15 patients, only one patient had delayed union. In phase 2, there were 78 patients, 44 patients in BIHS showed early union, compared to the rest 34 cases of AO cannulated screws Out of 44 patients with BIHS, 41 patients had an excellent outcome, 2 had nonunions and one implant breakage was noted.

Conclusions:

Bone impregnated hip screw has shown to provide early solid union since it incorporates the biomechanical principles and also increases the osteogenic potential and hence, found superior to conventional cannulated cancellous screw.     

Assessment of interobserver variation in Garden classification and management of fresh intracapsular femoral neck fracture in adults

Objective： To assess the interobserver agreement on Garden classification of fresh femoral neck fracture and management plan based on anteroposterior （AP） view and also assess if the addition of lateral view changes the classification and management plan. Methods： Ten orthopaedic surgeons were asked to classify 35 femoral neck fractures on AP view only and propose the management plan. Then the same films were reshown in conjunction with their lateral view after 10 days. Results were compared with respect to the classification and management plan between two groups. Interobserver agreement was calculated using Fleiss＇ kappa. Results： There was only a fair interobserver agreement （kappa value 0.39） on Garden classification on AP view only which improved to moderate agreement （kappa value 0.52） after adding a lateral view. While there was only a slight improvement in the interobserver agreement on the management plan on AP view only （kappa value 0.50） and AP combined with lateral views （kappa value 0.52）. Supplementation of the lateral view changed the classification in 15.42% of the cases and altered the management plan in 23.14% of the cases. Conclusion： We conclude that lateral view should be obtained routinely on all patients with suspected femoral neck fracture as it definitely has a role in planning treatment of femoral neck fracture.     

带血运骨瓣移植内固定治疗头下型股骨颈骨折

目的 探讨带自运骨瓣移植治疗股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法 应用带血运骨瓣移植及内固定治疗股骨颈骨折,其中带旋髂深动列脉髂骨瓣10例,带缝匠肌骨瓣6例,带臂中肌骨瓣3例,带阔筋膜张肌骨瓣2例,带股方肌骨瓣3例。结果 24例均获访,时间2．5－6年,疗效评定按童星杰等制定的标准,优15例（62．5％）,良8例（33．3％）,差1例（4．2％）。结论 带血运骨瓣移植是治疗GardenⅢ、Ⅳ型股骨颈骨折方法之一。     

空心螺纹钉在股骨颈骨折治疗中的应用

目的探讨空心螺纹钉治疗股骨颈骨折的临床效果。方法作者自1999年5月至2004年12月在C形臂X光机透视下用空心螺纹钉治疗股骨颈骨折48例,Garden分类I型16例,Ⅱ型14例,Ⅲ型10例,Ⅳ型8例进行回顾性分析。结果全部病例均得到随访,随访时间最长5年5个月,最短15个月,平均随访时间33个月,优良率达83.3%,4例病例出现骨折不愈合,7例出现股骨头坏死。结论利用小切口空心螺纹钉治疗股骨颈骨折具有创伤小,安全实用且费用低廉,避免长期期卧床引起多种并发症等优点,在临床运用中取得良好的治疗效果。     

Central fracture dislocation of the hip associated with fracture of femoral neck treated by femoral head autograft and total hip arthroplasty: A rare case report

Central Fracture Dislocation of the Hip is a rare condition requiring more attention in its management, caused by high-energy trauma and is often associated with other injuries. This case report presents a 57-years old female who was injured in a traffic accident and diagnosed with polytrauma, abdominal blunt trauma with 7th zone liver laceration, central fracture dislocation of the left hip associated with closed fracture left acetabulum anterior column and closed fracture left neck femur. Until now, there is no mandatory management to treat this kind of injury. Several surgical techniques were explained in previous literatures to treat this condition such as Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) procedure and Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA). Some studies chose THA as a treatment for similar condition in older population due to high risk of nonunion and avascular necrosis of the femoral head, especially in cases of significant displacement and devitalization of the femoral head. In this case, we performed femoral head autograft and total hip arthroplasty as a definitive treatment.     

空心钉直径与股骨颈骨折愈合的相关性研究

目的分析选用直径8 mm的史塞克空心钉内固定治疗不同股骨头颈部直径的股骨颈骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2008-06—2013-06采用直径8 mm空心钉内固定治疗69例股骨颈骨折,根据股骨颈头颈部直径分为观察组(30~40 mm)和对照组(40~50 mm)。结果观察组股骨颈头颈部直径大于对照组,2组比较差异有统计学意义(t=6.383,P=0.015)。2组骨折均愈合,骨折愈合时间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组优良率94.8%,对照组优良率93.3%,2组优良率比较差异无统计学意义(t=0.355,P=0.552)。结论本研究结果显示,排除患者自身因素,以8 mm空心钉内固定治疗不同股骨颈头颈部直径的股骨颈骨折时并不会影响骨折愈合率及愈合的时间。该研究结果可能有助于节省治疗费用,同时也表明手术中试图获得空心钉与股骨颈宽度的"良好匹配"并不一定会带来良好的临床疗效。     

松质骨螺钉固定治疗股骨颈骨折

1996年以来,应用三枚松质骨螺丝钉内固定治疗成人股骨颈骨折35例,临床效果满意. 1 临床资料 本组35例中男18例,女17例;年龄18～72岁,平均52岁;跌伤23例,撞伤6例,车祸事故伤6例;骨折的类型:基底型13例,颈中型19例,头下型3例,病程1～18天,平均4.5天.