典型护理问题版块集中处理法在高血压脑出血幸存者康复期中的应用观察

[目的]观察典型护理问题版块集中处理法在高血压脑出血幸存者康复期中的应用效果。[方法]将90例高血压脑出血幸存者随机分为对照组和观察组各45例,对照组给予常规康复护理,观察组给予典型护理问题版块集中处理法干预。采用自我护理能力测评量表、功能独立能力评价量表,比较两组病人干预前后自护能力、独立生活能力评分,采用脑卒中专门化生活质量量表,比较两组病人干预后生活质量评分。[结果]观察组病人干预后自护能力评分、独立生活能力评分和生活质量评分均高于对照组(P0.05)。[结论]采用典型护理问题版块集中处理对高血压脑出血病人实施康复期护理干预,可提高病人的自护能力、独立生活能力与生活质量。     

以家庭为中心的赋权模式干预对低收入高血压病人自我管理的效果研究

目的:探讨以家庭为中心的赋权模式在低收入高血压病人中的应用效果。方法:采用自身前后对照试验设计,选取武汉市某社区36例低收入高血压病人为研究对象,实施以家庭为中心的赋权模式干预,在干预前后测量病人血压和体质指数(BMI)值,采用中文版高血压自我护理量表和SF-12分别测量病人自我护理能力和生活质量。结果:干预前后收缩压、舒张压、BMI值,自我护理能力中自我护理动机和自我护理效能维度,生活质量中除生理功能外所有维度得分比较均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:以家庭为中心的赋权模式能降低低收入高血压病人血压和BMI值,并提高其自我护理能力和生存质量水平。     

动机性访谈结合社交媒体工具对高血压Ⅱ级病人生活质量的影响

[目的]探讨动机性访谈结合社交媒体工具对高血压Ⅱ级病人生活质量的影响。[方法]选取我院2015年1月—2016年1月收治的98例高血压Ⅱ级病人,按随机数字表的方法分为观察组和对照组各49例,对照组病人使用常规的健康教育模式进行干预,观察组病人使用动机性访谈结合社交媒体工具进行干预,比较两组病人干预前后的心理状态和血压值,同时对两组病人的自我管理行为和随访1年的生活质量进行评估。[结果]观察组病人干预后的血压值明显优于干预前和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);干预前,两组病人的汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)和汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)差异无统计学意义(P0.05),干预后两组病人的HAMD和HAMA量表评分明显低于干预前,且观察组低于对照组(P0.05);观察组病人的自我管理能力和生活质量评分明显优于对照组(P0.05)。[结论]动机性访谈结合社交媒体工具减轻了病人的不良情绪,并有助于稳定病人的血压,提高病人的自我管理能力和生活质量。     

社区老年高血压病人健康促进行为与自我护理能力的相关性研究

[目的]探讨社区老年高血压病人健康促进行为与自我护理能力的相关性,为社区老年高血压病人的护理提供依据。[方法]便利抽取云南省昆明、大理、丽江、昭通等地区的老年高血压病人299例,采用健康促进生活方式量表Ⅱ(HPLP-Ⅱ)、自我护理测定量表(ESCA)和自行设计的调查问卷进行问卷调查。[结果]社区老年高血压病人HPLP-Ⅱ量表总分为(109. 79±14. 85)分,ESCA量表得分为(96. 09±14. 55)分,均处于较低水平,HPLP-Ⅱ量表总分与ESCA量表总分呈正相关(r=0. 699,P0. 05)。Logistic分析显示,婚姻状况和经济收入对社区老年高血压病人HPLP-Ⅱ量表得分有影响;婚姻状况对云南社区老年高血压病人的ESCA量表得分有影响。[结论]老年高血压病人健康促进行为与自我护理能力存在相关性,提高老年高血压病人健康促进行为有助于改善老年高血压病人的自我护理能力及健康状况。     

社区高血压病人自我管理能力及生活质量的研究现状

对国内外高血压病人自我管理能力和生活质量研究现状进行综述,认为社区高血压病人自我管理能力的远期效果及其对生活质量的影响应予以重视。     

协同护理模式对老年高血压病人自我护理能力及生活质量的影响

[目的]探讨协同护理模式(CCM)对老年高血压病人自我护理能力及生活质量的影响。[方法]将120例老年高血压病人随机分为对照组和观察组各60例,对照组实施常规护理,观察组采用CCM实施为期3个月的护理,比较两组病人的自我护理能力及生活质量。[结果]应用CCM后,观察组病人的自我护理能力及生活质量均优于对照组(P0.05)。[结论]CCM能有效提高老年高血压病人的自我护理能力及生活质量。     

腹膜透析病人自我护理能力与生活质量的相关性研究

[目的]了解腹膜透析(CAPD)病人自我护理能力及生活质量水平,并探讨两者相关性。[方法]用自我护理能力量表(ESCA)和生活质量量表(SF-36)对80例腹膜透析病人进行问卷调查,统计并分析腹膜透析病人自我护理能力与生活质量的相关性。[结果]本组病人自我护理能力总分为109.09分±13.303分,生活质量总分为53.12分±9.448分,两者呈正相关(r=0.569)。[结论]CAPD病人自我护理能力和生活质量水平均有待提高,临床工作应着重提高病人自我护理的知识和技能从而提高病人生活质量水平。     

社区高血压患者自我管理能力与生活质量的相关性研究

目的调查社区高血压患者自我管理能力水平和生活质量水平,并分析两者的相关性。方法在沈阳市5个行政区抽取1000例高血压患者。采用一般情况调查表、高血压自我管理量表和简明生活质量量表调查研究对象的自我管理能力和生活质量状况。结果沈阳市社区高血压患者的自我管理水平为中等水平,得分范围为47~101分;生活质量水平与全国常模相比,生理功能、生理职能、躯体疼痛、活力、社会功能、情感职能、生理健康总分均高于全国常模,总体健康、精神健康、心理健康总分则低于全国常模;生理健康总分和心理健康总分的中位数分别为52.62、49.88;自我管理能力与生活质量各维度及生理健康总分、心理健康总分均呈正相关(P0.05)。结论沈阳市社区高血压患者的自我管理能力处于中等水平,生活质量较高;提高患者自我管理能力可能提高其生活质量。     

糖尿病肾病病人疾病管理能力与应对方式及生活质量关系研究

[目的]研究糖尿病肾病(DN)病人疾病管理能力与应对方式及生活质量的关系。[方法]2017年7月—2018年8月应用自拟的DN病人疾病管理能力量表、应对方式量表、简明健康状况量表(SF-36)对86例DN病人进行调查,应用多元回归分析影响DN病人生活质量的相关因素。[结果]DN病人疾病管理能力总分为(75.26±4.25)分,积极应对方式评分为(20.85±3.25)分,消极应对方式评分为(23.25±3.98)分,SF-36量表总均分为(70.22±3.78)分。经多元回归分析可知,病人病程、消极应对方式是影响DN病人生活质量的危险因素(P0.05),而疾病管理能力与积极应对方式是DN病人生活质量的保护因素(P0.05)。[结论]DN病人疾病管理能力及应对方式与生活质量有密切的关系,加强DN病人健康指导,提高病人疾病管理能力,使病人积极面对疾病有助于改善病人生活质量。     

延伸康复护理对脊髓损伤出院病人生活自理能力及生活质量的影响

[目的]探讨脊髓损伤出院病人延伸康复护理干预对病人自理能力、生活质量及心理状态的影响。[方法]随机将60例脊髓损伤病人分为观察组和对照组各30例,对照组出院后进行常规随访管理,观察组病人出院后进行延伸康复护理,于病人出院时及出院6个月后应用日常生活活动能力量表、世界卫生组织生活质量量表及抑郁自评量表进行测评。[结果]出院6个月后观察组病人日常生活活动能力量表、世界卫生组织生活质量量表及抑郁自评量表得分优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01)。[结论]对脊髓损伤出院病人进行延伸康复护理能有效提高病人自理能力及生活质量,并明显改善病人的心理状况。     

Health-related quality of life-testing the reliability of the MSQOL-54 instrument among MS patients

The purpose of the study was to assess the reliability of the specific multiple sclerosis quality of life (MSQOL-54) instrument, which contains 54 items measuring quality of life, among Finnish multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Nursing professionals evaluated the clarity and comprehensibility of the translated instrument, after which it was pilot-tested. The data were collected through a questionnaire survey in the spring 2004. Persons diagnosed with MS in 1999-2001 filled in the questionnaire (n = 100). The response percentage was 81%. The structural validity of the MSQOL-54 instrument was evaluated with factor analysis and the generic 15D quality of life instrument. The internal consistency of the instrument was measured with Cronbach's alpha, correlations and item analysis. According to the results, the structural validity of MSQOL-54 was good, and factor analysis yielded a clear-cut factorial model. More than half of the correlations between the comparable items of the 15D and MSQOL-54 instruments were moderate or better. The internal consistency of MSQOL-54 can hence be considered quite good: Cronbach's alpha coefficients calculated for the factors and their items ranged within 0.33-0.89. The alpha coefficient calculated for the whole instrument was 0.84. The internal consistency of MSQOL-54 was further confirmed by the results of an item analysis, which showed the correlation coefficients between the items of the different dimensions to be good (0.31-0.81). On the basis of the test results, the MSQOL-54 instrument is fairly reliable and suitable for assessing the health-related quality of life of MS patients. The reliability of MSQOL-54 should be evaluated further by a longitudinal study design in the future.     

Development of a tool to examine the effect of venous ulcers on patients' quality of life

AIM: Nurses should be able to demonstrate the effectiveness of their practice. One method of measuring the effectiveness of nursing is to determine how nurses improve a patient's quality of life. The aim of this study is to develop a quality of life questionnaire that can be used to measure quality of life and outcome in patients with venous leg ulcers. METHODS: The project consists of three stages. The first used semi-structured interviews and focus groups to talk to patients and clinical staff about how venous ulcers affect patients. The second stage uses the data from the interviews and focus groups to design the questionnaire. The third stage involves validating the questionnaire. RESULTS: The project started in October 2005 and is due to finish in October 2008. The first stage of the project has been completed and used qualitative techniques to identify items to be included in the questionnaire. The questionnaire is now being developed. CONCLUSION: This project will result in the production of a quality of life questionnaire that can be used to measure quality of life and outcome in patients with venous leg ulcers.     

支架总长度对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后患者生活质量的影响

目的研究多支冠状动脉病变患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）术中植入支架的总长度与患者术后生活质量的关系。方法采用SF-36健康状况调查表,PCI术后6个月进行随访,分析2008年9月至2010年3月在我院心内科完成的166例多支冠状动脉病变患者在PCI术中植入支架的总长度与术后生活质量评分结果之间的关系。结果健康状况调查统计结果表明,躯体功能、躯体角色、肌体疼痛、生命力、社会功能、情感角色等6个维度手术前、后差异均有统计学意义,总体健康和心理健康2个维度手术前、后差异无统计学意义;PCI术中植入支架总长度不同的患者术后健康状况之间差异无统计学意义。结论 PCI术可显著提高冠状动脉病变患者的生活质量,但植入支架的总长度与患者术后生活质量之间无显著相关。     

Quality of life index for patients with cancer

The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument for measuring the quality of life of cancer patients. Quality of life was measured with 14 linear analogue scale items concerning general physical condition, normal activities, and personal attitudes on general quality of life. The tool was tested with four subject groups: oncology outpatients receiving chemotherapy (43) or radiation therapy (39), oncology inpatients receiving chemotherapy (48), and nonpatient volunteers (48). Test-retest reliability coefficients for these samples ranged from r = .11 to .97, with 52 of the 56 possible r's greater than .60, p less than .01; internal consistency was .88, p less than .01. Construct and discriminant validity were indicated, while concurrent validity between quality of life scores and physician estimates of Karnofsky ratings, prognosis, and quality of life were poor.     

Spitzer生活质量指数测量脑卒中患者的效度研究

作者用Ｓｐｉｔｚｅｒ生活质量指数测量了７６例脑卒中患者，并分别与２０例腰腿痛病人、晚期癌症病人配对比较，对Ｓｐｉｔｚｅｒ生活质量指数测量脑卒中病人的有效性进行了研究。结果显示：在单项对总分的贡献率中，“活动”、“生活”、“健康”三项说明了８９％的变量，“支持与感受”仅解释了１１％；其与言语、认知、运动功能、日常生活活动相关，Ｐ值均小于０．０１；借此可区别腰腿痛、脑卒中、晚期癌症病人的生活质量。本研究提示：Ｓｐｉｔｚｅｒ生活质量指数是以肌体功能为主的测量工具，可有效地用于测量脑卒中患者的生活质量。     

耳穴贴压对高血压阴虚体质患者生活质量的影响

目的探讨耳穴贴压对高血压阴虚体质患者生活质量的影响。方法目的性抽样选择杭州市某社区高血压阴虚体质患者76例,按随机数字表法分为干预组和对照组各38例,干预组采用耳穴贴压和常规治疗,对照组为常规治疗,干预时间为12周。于干预前、干预后12周采用健康调查简表(the MOS item short from health survey,SF-36)评定患者的生活质量。结果干预前,两组患者SF-36各维度得分差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);干预12周后,干预组患者SF-36中8个维度得分除机体疼痛和活力维度外均较对照组明显提高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论耳穴贴压有助于提高高血压阴虚体质患者的生活质量,方法简便可行,具有一定的推广性。     

乌鲁木齐南山牧区哈萨克族高血压患者生存质量评价

目的 了解影响乌鲁木齐南山牧区哈萨克族高血压患者生存质量(QOL)的因素.方法 采用SF-36生存质量量表,对900例哈萨克族高血压患者进行生存质量测量,通过逐步回归法分析影响其生存质量的因素.结果 哈萨克族高血压患者生存质量总得分为(413.98±146.31)分,其生理职能、躯体疼痛、总体健康、精神健康等维度的得分较低;年龄、文化程度、人均月收入、医疗费用支付方式、就医的最近诊所、精力、睡眠质量、有无负性生活事件、遵医行为、有无慢性病、社会支持、疼痛等因素对患者的生存质量均有显著影响.结论 乌鲁木齐南山牧区哈萨克族高血压患者生存质量较低,医护人员应高度重视高血压患者的健康教育工作,通过提高高血压相关知识知晓率、简化治疗方案等措施提高哈萨克族高血压患者的生存质量.     

A health status questionnaire using 30 items from the Medical Outcomes Study. Preliminary validation in persons with early HIV infection

Many current health status instruments either are too long to use in many acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) clinical trials or omit important concepts. In this study, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-relevant items developed for the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) from subscales for cognitive function, energy/fatigue, health distress, and a single quality of life item were added to a portion of the MOS Short-form General Health Survey. The resulting 30-item questionnaire reliably and distinctly measured ten aspects of health and took less than 5 minutes to complete. To test its validity, this modified measure was used to compare the health of 73 subjects with asymptomatic HIV infection and 44 with early AIDS-related complex (ARC). Compared with ARC subjects, asymptomatic individuals reported superior overall health, less pain, and better physical function, role function, cognitive function, and quality of life (rank-sum, P less than 0.02). Asymptomatic subjects' scores were higher on most subscales than the age-adjusted scores of MOS outpatients with hypertension, diabetes, recent myocardial infarction, or depression; ARC patients scored closest to hypertensive patients. This instrument, containing a subset of the MOS measures of health-related quality of life, may be a useful outcome measure for AIDS clinical trials.     

Mokken scaling of the Myocardial Infarction Dimensional Assessment Scale (MIDAS)

Aims The purpose of this study was to examine the hierarchical and cumulative nature of the 35 items of the Myocardial Infarction Dimensional Assessment Scale (MIDAS), a disease‐specific health‐related quality of life measure. Method Data from 668 participants who completed the MIDAS were analysed using the Mokken Scaling Procedure, which is a computer program that searches polychotomous data for hierarchical and cumulative scales on the basis of a range of diagnostic criteria. Results Fourteen MIDAS items were retained in a Mokken scale and these items included physical activity, insecurity, emotional reaction and dependency items but excluded items related to diet, medication or side‐effects. Item difficulty, in item response theory terms, ran from physical activity items (low difficulty) to insecurity, suggesting that the most severe quality of life effect of myocardial infarction is loneliness and isolation. Conclusions Items from the MIDAS form a strong and reliable Mokken scale, which provides new insight into the relationship between items in the MIDAS and the measurement of quality of life after myocardial infarction.     

健康教育对高血压病病人生存质量的影响

[目的]观察健康教育对高血压病病人生存质量的影响。[方法]将160例行人工流产术病人住院高血压病病人随机分为观察组和对照组,每组80例,观察组进行健康教育,对照组采用常规护理。观察并比较两组病人出院1年后的生存质量情况。[结果]观察组病人不良生活习惯改变率高于对照组(P<0.05),并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。[结论]健康教育能提高高血压病病人的自我保健意识,提高其生活质量和健康水平。