湿疹患者的心理状况及其对睡眠质量的影响

[目的]探讨湿疹患者的心理状况及其对睡眠质量的影响。[方法]用症状自评量表（SCL-90）作为心理状况调查问卷,测评湿疹患者躯体化、强迫、人际关系、恐怖、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、偏执和精神病性等9个症状因子;选用抑郁自评量表（SDS）测评湿疹患者的抑郁;选用焦虑自评量表（SAS）测评患者的焦虑;测评睡眠采用睡眠质量调查表,测评入睡、睡眠维持、睡眠自评、睡眠时间比、午休时间、梦忆情况、睡眠总时间等因子。[结果]湿疹患者与正常常模的SCL-90评分比较,在躯体化、人际关系、恐怖、抑郁、焦虑、偏执等因子的评分差异有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）;在156例湿疹患者中有抑郁情绪者57例（占36.54%）、有焦虑情绪者66例（占42.31%）,有抑郁和焦虑情绪患者的自评量表得分与正常人常模得分之间的差异有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）;抑郁组与对照组的睡眠质量比较,在入睡、睡眠维持、睡眠自评、睡眠总时间和睡眠质量总分5个方面的差异有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）;焦虑组与对照组的睡眠质量比较,在入睡、睡眠维持、睡眠自评、睡眠总时间和睡眠质量总分五个方面的差异有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）。[结论]湿疹患者存在着较多的心理问题,焦虑和抑郁情绪严重影响着他们的睡眠质量;医务人员对他们除了要进行常规的药物治疗外,还要积极干预他的心理障碍,努力改善他们的睡眠质量。     

某天麻素制品改善睡眠作用的实验研究

[目的]研究某天麻素制品对小鼠睡眠的改善作用。[方法]健康雌性ICR小鼠每天经口灌胃给予某天麻素制品（125，250，750mg/kg），观察直接睡眠作用，连续给予受试物30d后进行延长戊巴比妥钠睡眠时间实验、巴比妥钠阈下剂量催眠实验和巴比妥钠睡眠潜伏期实验。[结果]该天麻素制品可显著延长戊巴比妥钠诱导的小鼠睡眠时间（P﹤0.05，P﹤0.01），缩短由巴比妥钠诱导的睡眠潜伏期（P﹤0.05，P﹤0.01），但未见该天麻素制品的直接睡眠作用和对巴比妥钠阈下剂量催眠作用的影响（P﹥0.05）。[结论]该天麻素制品对小鼠具有一定的改善睡眠作用。     

大学生网络不文明行为与心理健康间的关系研究

[目的]了解大学生网络不文明行为与心理健康间的相关性。[方法]采用分层整群抽样的方法对安徽黄山学院395名大学生进行激惹、焦虑和抑郁量表（IDA）、孤独感量表（UCLA）、网络行为调查问卷等的调查分析。[结果]约10%的大学生存在一定的网络不文明行为,其中又以男生居多,女生的网络文明状况显著好于男生。心理健康状况与网络不文明行为之间存在显著正相关（P﹤0.05）,问题行为组在焦虑水平与外向性激惹程度上显著高于文明组（P﹤0.05）。[结论]大学生心理健康状况尤其是焦虑、激惹水平对网络不文明行为有重要影响。     

国防生自尊与心理健康水平调查

[目的]探讨国防生自尊水平与心理健康状况,为其心理教育和管理工作提供依据。[方法]运用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和自尊量表(SES)对189名国防生进行了调查。[结果]国防生自尊水平高于普通大学生(29.23±3.93,28.32±4.25,t=2.27,P﹤0.05);国防生心理问题检出率显著低于普通大学生(χ2=3.99,P﹤0.05);国防生SCL-90强迫、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、偏执、精神病性因子得分显著低于普通大学生(P﹤0.05,P﹤0.01);国防生心理健康和自尊之间存在显著的负相关(r=-0.363～-0.536,P﹤0.01)。[结论]国防生较普通大学生有更高的自尊和心理健康水平。     

妇科恶性肿瘤患者生存质量及相关因素调查

[目的]调查妇科恶性肿瘤患者术后生存质量的影响因素。[方法]采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、生存质量测定表(WHOQOL-100)对妇科恶性肿瘤患者进行生存质量调查。[结果]妇科恶性肿瘤组抑郁、焦虑指数均高于对照组(P﹤0.01);两组患者生存质量存在明显的差异,妇科恶性肿瘤组显著低于对照组(P﹤0.05)。[结论]妇科恶性肿瘤患者生存质量降低,应采取必要措施,提高其生活质量。     

运用睡眠状况自评量表评价保健食品改善睡眠功能的研究

[目的]运用睡眠状况自评量表（Self-Rating Scale of Sleep,SRSS）检验和评价保健食品改善人体睡眠的功能。[方法]本研究设立试食组36例和安慰剂组33例,服用褪黑素或安慰剂30d前后,运用SRSS量表进行睡眠状况自评,统计分析受试者睡眠质量的变化。[结果]与安慰剂组相比,试食组有8项睡眠状况SRSS指标明显改善,SRSS总分值也显著降低。自身比较中,试食组自身SRSS总分差值也显著大于安慰剂组。[结论]SRSS量表可以有效地应用于保健食品改善人体睡眠功能的检验。     

部队老年心肌梗死病人心理状况调查及心理干预

[目的]探讨军队离退休老年心肌梗死病人的心理状况及心理干预对其的影响。[方法]选择126例军队离退休老年心肌梗死病人,应用焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）及汉密顿抑郁量表（HAMA）评定患者情绪状况。[结果]军队离退休老年心肌梗死病人存在明显的焦虑抑郁情绪,与国内常模相比差异有统计学意义（P﹤0.01）;其焦虑抑郁症状多以轻度为主;在常规治疗的基础上辅以心理干预后精神症状明显改善（P﹤0.01）。[结论]研究证明,军队离退休老年心肌梗死病人存在明显的焦虑、抑郁症状;通过积极的治疗并辅以心理干预可以明显改善患者的情绪状态,对焦虑、抑郁的调节与控制具有积极的意义。     

嘉兴学院低年级学生睡眠质量状况调查

[目的]了解嘉兴学院低年级学生的睡眠质量情况,为心理健康教育提供参考。[方法]使用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)对在校1024名大学生进行睡眠质量调查,并与其他地方大学生进行比较。以PSQI总分≥8分作为判断睡眠质量问题的标准。[结果]有34.0%的在校学生有睡眠质量问题,睡眠状况不佳主要体现在日间功能障碍(71.7%)、入睡困难(35.6%)、睡眠质量不佳(30.1%)和睡眠时间不足(27.0%)。与其他地方大学生相比,本院学生在睡眠障碍方面要优于其他地方学生(t=2.37,P﹤0.05),而在睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠时间、日间功能障碍上要差于其他地方学生。总的睡眠质量也不如其他地方学生(t=13.95,P﹤0.01);不同性别比较发现,睡眠效率男不如女,睡眠障碍和日间功能障碍女不如男;不同专业比较发现,在睡眠效率方面医学专业不如非医学专业(t=2.38,P﹤0.05)。[结论]应重视在校大学生的睡眠问题,有针对性的加强宣传教育。     

广州地区高校慢性前列腺炎男生SCL-90调查分析

[目的]了解广州地区高校慢性前列腺炎男生的心理健康状况。[方法]随机抽取广州地区4所高校的男生1 203人,用身心症状自评量表（SCL-90）行团体测量,比较前列腺炎组和非前列腺炎组结果。[结果]前列腺炎组SCL-90的因子分及阳性项目数均显著高于非前列腺炎组（P﹤0.01）,心理异常和中度以上心理异常的发生率分别为51.16%、16.40%,各因子异常和中度以上异常的发生率依次为17.65%～34.22%、3.21%～7.31%,心理异常的总发生率及抑郁、焦虑、恐怖、偏执、精神病性因子异常的发生率均显著高于非前列腺炎组（P﹤0.01）,抑郁、焦虑和恐怖因子中度以上异常的发生率明显高于非前列腺炎组（P﹤0.05）,偏执因子中度以上异常的发生率及总发生率显著高于非前列腺炎组（P﹤0.01）。[结论]广州地区高校慢性前列腺炎男生的心理健康欠佳。     

2型糖尿病患者心理控制源的调查研究

[目的]了解2型糖尿病患者心理控制源状况,为改善患者心理健康提供依据。[方法]运用一般情况调查表,多维度健康心理控制源量表(MHLC)、ZUNG自评抑郁量表(SDS)和自评焦虑量表(SAS)对240例2型糖尿病患者进行调查。[结果]①糖尿病患者心理控制源内控分值低于常模(P﹤0.01),有势力他人和机遇分值高于常模(P﹤0.01)。②不同年龄、文化程度心理控制源倾向不同。③有情绪障碍与无情绪障碍患者之间的心理控制源差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05或P﹤0.01)[结论]2型糖尿病患者有势力他人和机遇心理控制源倾向明显。文化程度、年龄、情绪障碍影响患者心理控制源。医护人员应重视这些因素,在医疗护理过程中帮助患者调节心理控制源、改善不良情绪,提高生活质量。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.