升主动脉根部置换术临床应用效果观察

目的观察升主动脉根部置换术临床应用效果。方法对24例升主动脉根部瘤合并主动脉瓣轻重度关闭不全和8例冠状动脉开口、主动脉瓣受累的Stanford A型胸主动脉夹层患者,采用升主动脉根部替换术治疗。结果本组住院期间死亡2例;30例治愈出院,随访4个月~5 a,1例死亡,失访2例,余27例生活质量良好。结论升主动脉根部置换术治疗升主动脉根部瘤、Stanford A型胸主动脉夹层有效。     

主动脉根部替换手术93例

目的 :探讨主动脉根部替换手术的手术适应证、基本方法和手术技术。　　方法 :主动脉根部替换手术 93例 ,平均年龄 41.2岁 (2 3～ 6 9岁 )。对于主动脉夹层或累及主动脉弓的动脉瘤 ,选择右锁骨下动脉插管 ,行象鼻手术时加用股动脉插管。以复合带瓣人工血管行根部替换。 2例合并象鼻手术。　　结果 :93例主动脉根部替换手术平均心肌阻断时间 72 .5± 17.9分钟 (42～ 133分钟 ) ,平均体外循环时间 113.6±32 .7分钟 (6 0～ 2 32分钟 )。住院死亡 1例 (1.0 8% )。 8例手术未输血。　　结论 :精湛的手术技术和麻醉、体外循环等整体水平的提高是主动脉根部替换手术取得良好效果的关键。     

34例主动脉夹层动脉瘤的外科治疗

目的 :探讨外科治疗主动脉夹层动脉瘤安全有效的术式及方法。方法 :对 34例主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者 ,采用Cabrol手术 10例 ,Bentall手术 8例 ,升主动脉夹层缝闭加主动脉瓣成形术 1例 ,升主动脉腹主动脉搭桥转流手术 8例 ,升主动脉双侧髂总动脉搭桥转流手术 1例 ,降主动脉夹层动脉瘤切除加人造血管替换 1例 ,双侧腋动脉股动脉搭桥转流手术 5例。结果 :32例存活 ,2例围手术期死亡 ,死亡率为 5 .9%。结论 :当冠状动脉开口直接缝合于带瓣管道上有困难而不宜行Bentall手术时 ,采用Cabrol手术有其优点 :采用 1根 8mm直径的Gore Tex管与左、右冠状动脉开口进行连接吻合 ,吻合口没有张力且对合严密 ,避免了冠状动脉开口周围内膜撕脱和吻合口漏血 ;对手术切除夹层动脉瘤有困难、高危险患者 ,采用大动脉转流手术 ,特别是采用不需要开胸和开腹的双侧腋动脉股动脉搭桥转流手术 ,手术创伤小、安全 ,效果好 ,手术适应证宽 ,应用前景广阔。     

主动脉根部替换术

各种原因引起的升主动脉瘤常伴有主动脉搏关闭不全及冠状动脉开口移位(以下我们将这一组病变称为主动脉根部病变)。其手术方法为升主动脉及主动脉瓣替换,并且常常要行冠状动脉移植(这里我们称之为主动脉根部替换术)。     

主动脉全弓替换加支架"象鼻"手术体会

目的 总结采用主动脉弓替换加支架＂象鼻＂手术治疗Stanford A型主动脉夹层的临床经验.方法 对3例Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人采用深低温停循环、低流量选择性脑灌注,行升主动脉及全弓替换加支架＂象鼻＂手术,其中1例同期行右冠状动脉旁路移植术.结果 平均体外循环时间149 min,升主动脉阻断时间104 min,停循环时间23.7 min.3例病人术后只有短暂轻度的精神异常,均痊愈出院,复查计算机断层扫描示支架段胸降主动脉假腔消失,降主动脉真腔扩大,无瘤样扩张,生活和工作正常.结论 升主动脉及全弓替换加支架＂象鼻＂手术是治疗Stanford A型主动脉夹层安全、有效的方法.     

主动脉根部瘤合并二尖瓣病变的外科治疗

目的:总结主动脉根部瘤合并二尖瓣病变的外科治疗经验。方法:2009年2月至2011年12月,我科实施主动脉根部替换手术合并二尖瓣置换/成形术38例。主动脉根部2例行Wheat术,其余均行Bentall术;二尖瓣6例行二尖瓣成形术(MVP),32例行二尖瓣置换术(MVR)。同期行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)2例,孙氏手术4例。结果:围手术期死亡1例,病死率2.6%(1/38);1例患者发生Ⅲ°房室传导阻滞,术后植入永久起搏器;1例患者接受主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)治疗,2例患者接受连续性肾脏替代治疗(CRRT),1例患者并发真菌感染。2例患者因术后引流多行二次开胸探查术。术后超声心动图:左心室舒张末期内径(55±11)mm(36-83mm),较术前明显缩小。结论:主动脉根部联合二尖瓣手术治疗是安全有效的,对于主动脉瓣环较大的患者,经主动脉瓣口行二尖瓣手术能够取得满意的结果。     

多发性大动脉炎累及冠状动脉左主干1例

多发性大动脉炎常以头臂动脉、肾动脉、胸腹主动脉为好发部位，累及冠状动脉罕见。我们经冠状动脉及周围动脉造影证实多发性大动脉炎造成冠状动脉左主干90％狭窄，左锁骨下动脉开口80％狭窄并行冠状动脉介入治疗1例，效果良好，报告如下。     

Stanford A型主动脉夹层的外科治疗

目的 总结A型主动脉夹层外科治疗经验,探讨治疗A型主动脉夹层安全有效的术式和方法.方法 我院2008年1月至2013年11月对40例A型主动脉夹层患者予以外科治疗.Bentall（带瓣人造血管替代升主动脉根部和主动脉瓣膜,并移植左右冠状动脉）手术17例,其中10例同期行主动脉弓部替换＋降主动脉象鼻支架置入术;单纯升主动脉人工血管置换术8例;窦部成形＋主动脉瓣交界悬吊术6例,窦部替换＋主动脉瓣成形＋升主动脉半弓替换5例;升主动脉人工血管置换术＋主动脉全弓替换4例.采用深低温停循环技术（DHCA）12例,其余为浅中低温体外循环.采用冷血心脏停搏液灌注12例,组氨酸-色氨酸-酮戊二酸（HTK）停搏液灌注7例,冷晶体心脏停搏液21例.采用改良超滤技术19例.结果 手术死亡1例,围术期死亡4例,死亡率12.5％（5/40）,余均痊愈出院.结论 细化A型主动脉夹层的分型有利于制订个体化手术方案.术中止血彻底及心肌、脑保护确切可提高手术成功率.     

主动脉瘤和主动脉根部扩张手术治疗进展--Tirone E David主动脉根部修复术

采用人工合成的移植物(CVG)替换整个主动脉根部及瓣膜,并重新移植冠状动脉口的手术方式是以往治疗升主动脉瘤和主动脉扩张的"金标准",但此手术并非适用于所有主动脉瘤和主动脉扩张患者,加拿大多伦多总医院的Tirone E David提出了保留主动脉瓣的主动脉根部修复术治疗升主动脉瘤和主动脉根部扩张,被称为Tirone E David主动脉根部修复术,本文对该术式作一概述.     

急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层再手术治疗分析

摘要 目的：探讨急性A型主动脉夹层再手术治疗的效果,总结其外科治疗经验。方法 ：回顾分析2007年1月-2017年5月16例Stanford A型主动脉夹层再手术患者的临床资料。首次手术包括升主动脉替换术1例,Wheat手术 (升主动脉+主动脉瓣替换术)1例,升主动脉+次全弓替换+主动脉瓣成形术1例,升主动脉替换+孙氏手术（全弓替换及降主动脉支架象鼻人工血管置入）2例,升主动脉替换+孙氏手术+主动脉窦部成形术4例,Bentall手术(带瓣人工血管升主动脉替换替换术)3例,Bentall+孙氏手术4例。再次手术方式包括孙氏手术5例,全主动脉置换术1例,全胸腹主动脉替换2例,主动脉瓣周漏修补术1例,主动脉根部吻合口漏修补术2例（其中1例并行主动脉根部假性动脉瘤切除术）,主动脉覆膜支架腔内隔绝术7例。结果：1例患者在围术期死亡,术后并发症共8例。其中再次开胸2例,伤口感染2例,低心排综合症1例,神经系统并发症1例,肺部感染2例,以上并发症均于出院前治愈。结论：急性A型主动脉夹层再手术临床效果满意,因弓部病变再次行孙氏手术亦安全、有效;孙氏术后远端主动脉病变行常温非体外循环下全胸腹主动脉替换术亦是一种安全、有效的外科策略。     

The risk of reoperative heart valve procedures in Octogenarian patients

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: The authors' experience is reported of cardiac reoperations for valvular heart disease in octogenarian patients. METHODS: The records of 22 consecutive patients (10 men, 12 women) aged > or =80 years (mean age 82.4+/-2.3 years) who underwent cardiac reoperation for aortic and/or mitral valvular heart disease at the authors' institution between 1991 and 2001 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Indications for reoperation were structural dysfunction of a previously implanted bioprosthetic valve in 11 patients (50%), new valvular heart disease in six (27%), progression of rheumatic valvular heart disease in four (18%), and prosthetic valve infective endocarditis in one patient (5%). Fourteen patients (64%) underwent isolated aortic valve replacement (AVR), two (9%) had AVR plus coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), one patient (5%) had aortic root replacement plus CABG, three patients (14%) had isolated mitral valve replacement (MVR), one patient (5%) had MVR plus ascending aorta replacement, and one (5%) had AVR plus MVR. Postoperative complications occurred in 18 patients (82%). The hospital mortality rate was 32%. Actuarial survival estimates at one year, and at three and five years were 62.6%, 56.3% and 40.2%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Cardiac reoperations for valvular heart disease in octogenarians carry a high postoperative morbidity and mortality. These findings must be taken into account in the management of associated mild or moderate valvular heart disease, and in the choice of heart valve prosthesis at the initial operation in younger patients.     

Aortic valve replacement in patients with mild or moderate aortic stenosis and coronary bypass surgery

PURPOSE: To assess whether there is survival benefit for patients with mild or moderate aortic stenosis if they undergo aortic valve replacement at the time of coronary artery bypass surgery. METHODS: From 1985 to 1995 we evaluated all patients at our institution who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery and who had the echocardiographic diagnosis of mild (mean gradient <0 mm Hg and/or valve area >1.5 cm(2)) or moderate (mean gradient > or =30 and < or =40 mm Hg and/or valve area >1.0 < or =1.5 cm(2)) aortic stenosis. Using propensity analysis, survival was compared between 129 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery alone and 78 patients who underwent concomitant coronary artery bypass surgery and aortic valve replacement. RESULTS: Perioperative mortality was similar among patients who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery alone compared with patients who underwent concomitant coronary artery bypass surgery and aortic valve replacement. By Kaplan-Meier analysis, 1-year and 8-year survival were better at 90% and 55% for patients who underwent concomitant coronary artery bypass surgery and aortic valve replacement compared with 85% and 39% for patients who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery alone (P <0.001). This benefit was limited to patients with moderate aortic stenosis (propensity-adjusted relative risk = 0.43; 95% confidence interval: 0.20 to 0.96; P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Concomitant aortic valve replacement at the time of coronary artery bypass surgery for mild or moderate aortic stenosis appears to convey a survival advantage for patients with moderate aortic stenosis but not for those with mild aortic stenosis.     

Apico-Aortic Conduit for severe aortic stenosis: Technique,applications, and systematic review

Patients referred for aortic valve replacement are often elderly and may have increased surgical risk associated with ascending aortic calcification, left ventricular dysfunction, presence of coronary artery disease, previous surgery, and/or presence of several co-morbidities. Some of these patients may not be considered candidates for conventional surgery because of their high risk profile. While transcatheter aortic valve replacement constitutes a widely accepted alternative, some patients may not be eligible for this modality due to anatomic factors. Apico-Aortic Conduit (AAC) insertion (aortic valve bypass surgery) constitutes a possible option in those patients. Apico-Aortic Conduit is not a new technique, as it has been used for decades in both pediatric and adult populations. However, there is a resurging interest in this technique due to the expanding scope of elderly patients being considered for the treatment of aortic stenosis. Herein, we describe our surgical technique and provide a systematic review of recent publications on AAC insertion, reporting that there is continued use and several modifications of this technique, such as performing it through a small thoracotomy without the use of the cardiopulmonary bypass.Abbreviations: AAC, Apico Aortic Conduit; AS, aortic stenosis; AVR, aortic valve replacement; BSA, body surface area; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting surgery; CHF, congestive heart failure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; DHCA, deep hypothermic circulatory arrest; FEM-FEM, femoro-femoral; ITA, internal thoracic artery; LITA, left internal thoracic artery; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; LVOT, left ventricle outflow tract; NYHA, New York Heart Association; MDCT, multidetector-computerized tomography; MVR, mitral valve replacement; OPCAB, off pump coronary artery bypass; PH, pulmonary hypertension; RITA, right internal thoracic artery; TEE, transesophageal echocardiography; TAVI, transcatheter aortic valve implantation     

冠状动脉旁路移植术后神经系统并发症的危险因素分析

目的：分析冠状动脉旁路移植术后神经系统并发症的危险因素，为临床选择治疗方法和评估预后提供依据。方法：将本院1999年1月1日至1999年12月31日间完成的537例冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）患按中枢神经系统并发症117wgq (21.8％),其中表现为精神异常（如烦躁不安、躁狂、神志淡漠）112例（20.9%），表现为脑梗塞5例（0.9%）。单因素显性分析发现年龄、术前合并高血压、糖尿病、外周血管栓塞史、搭桥同期进行其他心脏内手术、体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间、体重指数与中枢神经系统并发症发生率有相关性。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示：外周血管栓塞史、高血压和糖尿病病史、CABG术同期行其他心脏内手术、高龄、搭桥支数、左室射血分数是独立的相关危险因素。结论：外周血管栓塞史、高血压和糖尿病病史、CABG术同期行其他心脏手术、高龄、搭桥支数、左室射血分数是中枢神经系统并发症的危险因素。     

The prognostic value of calcification and impaired valve motion in combined aortic stenosis and coronary artery disease

BACKGROUND AND AIMS OF THE STUDY: Optimal management of patients with coronary artery disease and concomitant aortic valve stenosis remains a subject of controversy. In this retrospective study, an attempt was made to identify criteria indicating rapid progression of aortic valve stenosis in patients with coronary artery disease. METHODS: Between 1990 and 1999, 47 patients underwent aortic valve replacement (AVR) after previous coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) at the authors' institution. The postoperative data, including cardiac catheterization films, were reviewed. RESULTS: Aortic valve disease, mainly aortic stenosis, showed a rapid rate of progression. During a mean interval between CABG and AVR of 5.9 +/- 2.9 years, the mean peak-to-peak pressure gradient across the aortic valve rose from 16.1 +/- 13.8 to 61.4 +/- 23.9 mmHg in patients where presence of calcification and impaired aortic valve motion was found (66.0% of patients had calcified aortic valves; 72.3% had impaired valve motion) at the time of CABG; whereas in those without calcification and/or impaired leaflet motion a mean of 9.2 +/- 0.8 years elapsed before AVR became necessary. CONCLUSION: If a patient must undergo surgery for coronary artery disease, then AVR should be considered not only on the basis of hemodynamic criteria but also with regard to calcification of the aortic valve and its leaflet motion.     

Cardiac surgery in octogenarians; peri-operative outcome and long-term results.

AIMS: Because the elderly are increasingly referred for operation, we reviewed the results of cardiac surgery in patients of 80 years or older. METHODS AND RESULTS: Records of 182 consecutive octogenarians who had had cardiac operations between 1992 and 1998 were reviewed. Follow-up was 100% complete. Seventy patients had coronary grafting (CABG), 70 aortic valve replacement, 30 aortic valve replacement+CABG, and 12 mitral valve repair/replacement. Rates of hospital death, stroke, and prolonged stay (>14 days) were as follows: CABG: 7 (10%), 2 (2.8%) and 41 (58%); aortic valve replacement: 6 (8.5%), 2 (2.8%) and 32 (45.7%); aortic valve replacement+CABG: 8 (26.5%), 1 (3.8%) and 14 (46.6%); mitral valve repair/replacement: 3 (25%), 1 (8.3%) and 5 (41.6%). Multivariate predictors (P<0.05) of hospital death were New York Heart Association functional class, urgent procedure, prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time, and, after aortic valve replacement, previous percutaneous aortic valvuloplasty. Ascending aortic atheromatous disease was predictive of stroke, while pre-operative myocardial infarction was predictive of prolonged hospital stay. Actuarial 5-year survival was as follows: CABG, 65.8+/-8.8%; aortic valve replacement, 63.6+/-7.1%; aortic valve replacement+CABG, 62.4+/-6.8%; mitral valve repair/replacement, 57.1+/-5.6%; and total, 63.0+/-5.6%. Multivariate predictors of late death were pre-operative myocardial infarction, and urgent procedure. Ninety percent of long-term survivors were in New York Heart Association class I or II, and 87% believed having a heart operation after age 80 years was a good choice. CONCLUSION: Cardiac operations are successful in most octogenarians with increased hospital mortality, and longer hospital stay. Long-term survival and quality of life are good.     

Aortic valve stenosis due to alkaptonuria

Cardiovascular disease is a less-well appreciated aspect of alkaptonuria. A 69-year-old man presented with shortness of breath and exertional chest pain. He had a previous diagnosis of alkaptonuria (endogenous ochronosis), confirmed on the basis of urine coloration, skin pigmentation and ochronotic arthropathy in the knees. Echocardiography and coronary angiography revealed severe aortic valve stenosis and concomitant coronary artery disease. The patient underwent biological aortic valve replacement (AVR) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Operative findings included ochronosis of a severely calcified aortic valve and the aortic intima, and bioprosthetic AVR and CABG were successfully performed.     

Should a Regurgitant Mitral Valve Be Replaced Simultaneously with a Stenotic Aortic Valve?

Mitral valve regurgitation frequently accompanies aortic valve stenosis. It has been suggested that mitral regurgitation improves after aortic valve replacement alone and that the mitral valve need not be replaced simultaneously Furthermore, mitral regurgitation associated with coronary artery disease, particularly in patients with poor left ventricular function, shows immediate improvement after coronary artery bypass grafting. We studied 60 consecutive patients with aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation to determine the degree of improvement in mitral regurgitation after aortic valve replacement alone versus aortic valve replacement combined with coronary artery bypass grafting. Thirty-six of the patients had normal coronary arteries (Group 1); the other 24 had symptomatic coronary artery disease requiring bypass surgery (Group 2). Echocardiography was performed preoperatively, 1 week postoperatively, and at follow-up. In Group 1, left ventricular ejection fraction did not improve early or at 2.5 months postoperatively, but mitral regurgitation improved gradually during follow-up. In Group 2, mitral regurgitation showed improvement 1 week postoperatively (p < 0.001), and left ventricular ejection fraction was improved at 2.5 months. We conclude that patients with aortic valve stenosis and mild-to-severe mitral regurgitation, without echocardiographic signs of chordal or papillary muscle rupture and without coronary artery disease, should undergo aortic valve replacement alone. The mitral regurgitation will remain the same or improve. For patients with coexisting coronary artery disease, simultaneous aortic valve replacement and coronary artery bypass grafting are imperative; however, the mitral valve again requires no intervention, since mitral regurgitation improves significantly after the other 2 procedures.     

Takayasu arteritis with multiple cardiovascular complications

A 60-year-old Japanese woman first presented in 1990 with effort angina. She underwent coronary angiography and was diagnosed with bilateral coronary ostial stenosis and Takayasu arteritis. Coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) for multiple vessels was attempted, but the blood flow in the bilateral internal thoracic and gastroepiploic arteries was to poor for a donor artery, and the calcification of the ascending aortic wall was too severe for anastomosis of saphenous vein grafts. Therefore, the proper hepatic artery was connected to the left anterior descending artery using a vein graft. In April 2000, the patient's angina worsened. Occlusions of both subclavian arteries, bilateral coronary ostial stenosis and vein graft occlusion, aortic valve regurgitation, and two severe stenoses of the descending aorta were observed. Aortic valve replacement, and coronary and aorta revascularization were desirable, but the severe aortic wall calcification and thickening rendered these interventions impossible. Treatment with medication was chosen. The patient was discharged without severe angina. A combination of these serious cardiovascular complications which do not allow any surgical intervention is very rare. Received: May 21, 2001 / Accepted: August 24, 2001     

冠状动脉旁路移植同期行心脏瓣膜手术的临床研究(附57例报告)

目的:介绍同期施行冠状动脉旁路移植术和瓣膜手术的体会。方法:2000年12月至2006年3月,57例冠状动脉旁路移植术同期行瓣膜手术,患者年龄43~81岁,平均60·5岁,术前心功能(NYHA)Ⅱ级19例,Ⅲ级31例,Ⅳ级7例;二尖瓣病变29例,主动脉病变13例,联合瓣膜病变15例,瓣膜病病因中,风湿性31例,退行性13例,缺血性9例,二瓣化畸形4例。共搭桥103支,平均1·8支,根据患者的年龄及病变血管情况选用乳内动脉、桡动脉及大隐静脉做血管桥。行二尖瓣成形17例,二尖瓣置换12例;主动脉瓣成形10例,主动脉瓣置换12例,二尖瓣和主动脉瓣双瓣置换术6例,同时行三尖瓣成形13例。术中放置经食管超声监测检测瓣膜成形效果。结果:术后早期死亡3例;术后并发症为出血、低心排出量综合征、肾功能不全、肺部感染和小面积脑梗塞。术后6个月复查心脏彩超,瓣膜成形效果满意;术后随访平均13·5个月,无明显心绞痛复发,心功能改善。结论:风湿性瓣膜病患者,有冠心病高危因素的患者,术前应常规行冠状动脉造影检查。缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全患者行瓣膜成形,手术效果满意。综合使用多种成形技术行主动脉瓣成形,取得较好的近中期效果。术中经食管超声检测并结合注水试验对于了解成形术的效果有重要意义。充分的术前准备,恰当地使用主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)及床旁血滤可提高手术成功率。