The ontogenesis of human fetal hormones. III. Prolactin.

The synthesis and release of human prolactin (hPRL) in the human fetus was assessed by radioimmunoassay analysis of the content and concentration of hPRL in 82 pituitary glands and the concentration of serum hPRL in 47 fetuses of gestational age 68 days to term. Fetal hPRL exhibited parallelism with the reference standard (Lewis 203-1). hPRL was detected by 68 days of gestation (10 wk), the earliest fetal pituitary gland studied; 8 out of 33 pituitaries had a prolactin (PRL) content above 2.0 ng between 10-15 wk gestation. The mean ocntent of PRL in the pituitary gland increased sharply from 14.8 plus or minus 4.6 ng at 15-19 wk to 405 plus or minus 142 ng at 20-24 wk and 542 plus or minus ng at 25-29 wk gestation. By term, the mean content was 2,039 plus or minus 459 (range 493-3,689) and the mean concentration 15.9 plus or minus 2.4 ng/mg (range 7-20). There was a significant positive correlation (P less than 0.001) between the hPRL and human growth hormone (hGH) content of fetal pituitary glands; at term the hPRL/hGH ratio was 1/290. The concentration of serum hPRL between 12 and 24 wk ranged from 2.9 to 67 ng/ml, mean 19.5 plus or minus 2.5 ng/ml )n = 21); by 26 wk fetal serum hPRL increased sharply and attained levels of 300-500 ng/ml in late gestation. At delivery, the mean plasma concentration of hPRL was 167 plus or minus 14.2 ng/ml in 36 umbilical venous specimens and 111.8 plus or minus 12.3 ng/ml in the matched maternal venous specimens. No correlation between serum hPRL and the pituitary content or concentration of hPRL was demonstrable in 12 matched fetal specimens. In five anencephalic infants, umbilical venous hPRL levels were between 65 and 283 ng/ml. In two anencephalic infants, thyrotropin releasing factor (TRF) (200 mug IV) evoked a rise in serum hPRL in one patient from 43 to 156 ng/ml at 30 min, and in the other from 65 to 404 ng/ml at 120 min. In both patients, plasma thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) rose from undetectable base-line levels to peak levels of 97 and 380 muU/ml, respectively. The pattern of change in serum hPRL in the human fetus contrasts sharply with that of serum hGH, luteinizing hormone, or follicle-stimulating hormone. These observations in the fetus and in anencephalic infants suggest that the striking elevation of serum PRL in the fetus is neither mediated by a putative PRL releasing factor or by TRF, nor is a consequence of suppression or absence of PRL release inhibiting factor alone, as a functional hypothalamus is not required to attain the high PRL concentration at term. Several lines of evidence support the view that high plasma estrogen levels characteristic of gestation act directly on the fetal anterior hypophysis to stimulate PRL secretion or to sensitize the secretory mechanism of the lactotrope, increasing its responsiveness to other stimuli.     

A pharmacokinetic study on two sustained-release formulations of indomethacin in normal subjects following a single dose administration

A single dose pharmacokinetic study was conducted on two sustained-release formulations (75 mg) of indomethacin (Indocid capsules ‘A’ and Indogesic tablets ‘B’). The study was carried out on 22 healthy male volunteers, who received a single oral dose (75 mg) of each product according to a randomized crossover design. Blood samples were obtained over a 24 h period, and drug concentrations were determined by an HPLC assay. The two products were not found to be statistically different with respect to the lag time between dosing and first appearance of the drug in the serum (1.0 ± 0.1 and 0.9 ± 0.1 h for A and B, respectively), or in the time needed to attain the peak concentrations (3.3 ± 0.3 and 3.3 ± 0.5 h for A and B, respectively). The two products, however, varied significantly in the peak serum concentrations (2721 ± 220 and 1797 ± 129 ng/ml for A and B, respectively). In terms of the extent of absorption, assessed by estimating the area under the concentration-time curve over 24 h, the two products were not found to be significantly different (11,575 ± 630 and 10,212 ± 556 ng. h/ml for A and B, respectively). Based on these findings, the two formulations can be considered bioequivalent in the extent but not in the rate of drug absorption.     

A sensitive and specific sandwich enzyme immunoassay for human thyroid-stimulating hormone

A sensitive and specific sandwich enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for human thyroid-stimulating hormone (hTSH) has been developed. hTSH is incubated with anti-hTSH IgG-coated polystyrene balls, and after washing they are further incubated with anti-hTSH Fab'-β-d-galactosidase conjugate. The β-d-galactosidase activity bound to the polystyrene balls is proportional to the amount of hTSH to be assayed. Polystyrene balls are coated with rabbit anti-hTSH IgG which had been affinity-purified and treated with human chorionic gonadotropin-Sepharose 4B to remove antibodies cross-reacting with structurally related hormones. Rabbit anti-hTSH Fab', which had been affinity-purified was conjugated with β-d-galactosidase from Escherichia coli using N,N′-o-phenylenedimaleimide.In the specific sandwich enzyme immunoassay developed, 1 nU (1 × 10^?9 U) of hTSH per tube can be measured and the sensitivity for serum hTSH level is 0.1 μU/ml when 10 μl of serum is used. No significant interference was observed in the presence of 1.3 mU hLH/tube, 0.5 mU hFSH/tube or 0.5 U hCG/tube. Recoveries of hTSH added to human sera were 95.3–104% with a standard deviation of 12.0–14.9%. The coefficients of within-assay and between-assay variations were 6.0–7.5% and 4.9–8.7%, respectively. The regression equation and coefficient for correlation to radioimmunoassay (RIA) were y (RIA) = 0.95x (EIA) + 3.2 and 0.97, respectively.Serum levels of hTSH in normal male and female adults were 2.4 ± 1.0 (SD) (n = 41) and 2.9 ± 1.3 (n = 46) μU/ml, respectively; those in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism were 0.28 ± 0.06 (n = 20) and 49.6 ± 24.7 (n = 22) μU/ml, respectively; and those in pregnant and postmenopausal women were 2.5 ± 1.2 (n = 7) and 2.7 ± 1.0 (n = 35) μU/ml, respectively, indicating that high serum levels of hCG or hLH and hFSH under these conditions did not significantly interfere with the present assay of hTSH at normal levels.     

Tryptase serum level as a possible indicator of scombroid syndrome

Introduction.?Scombroid syndrome (histamine fish poisoning – HFP) is a complex of symptoms caused by biogenic amines, mainly histamine, contained in seafood. The diagnosis of HFP is quite difficult as the symptoms of this particular condition are similar to the symptoms of a normal allergic syndrome.?Materials and methods.?We have collected 10 cases (3 male and 7 female) of HFP and 50 non-HFP patients (35 female and 15 male) with allergic disorders, all from the Emergency Department of Ospedale Civile Maggiore in Verona. Results.?As expected, tryptase serum concentrations of most of the patients with allergic or anaphylactic disorders were increased above normal value (24.4 ± 8.0 ng/mL mean ± SD, normal value <11 ng/mL), whereas the tryptase serum concentrations of all the 10 patients with HFP were within the normal range (8.1 ± 1.8 ng/mL).?Discussion.?Our data suggest that tryptase serum concentrations can discriminate between the allergic and HFP syndromes. As the tryptase half-life is 90–120 min, blood samples must be taken 1–2 h from the beginning of symptoms.?Conclusions.?Finding a biomarker could help physicians to formulate a correct diagnosis and thus in choosing the best therapeutic strategy. In this work, we analyzed the role of tryptase serum concentrations to differentiate real allergic syndromes from the HFP syndrome, which causes similar histamine-mediated effects by a different mechanism.     

Hypophyso-Gonadal Function in Humans during the First Year of Life: I. EVIDENCE FOR TESTICULAR ACTIVITY IN EARLY INFANCY

Total and unbound testosterone and Delta(4)-androstenedione have been determined in 104 cord blood samples. The same sexual steroids and pituitary gonadotropins have been measured in 46 normal male infants aged 27-348 days and 34 normal female infants aged 19-332 days.In cord blood of female neonates mean total and unbound testosterone was 29.6+/-7.5 and 0.89+/-0.4 ng/100 ml, respectively (mean+/-1 SD); Delta(4)-androstenedione was 93+/-38 ng/100 ml. In male neonates mean plasma total and unbound testosterone was 38.9+/-10.8 and 1.12+/-0.4 ng/100 ml; Delta(4)-androstenedione was 85+/-27 ng/100 ml.In female infants testosterone concentrations remained constant during the 1st yr of life with a mean concentration of 7+/-3 ng/100 ml. Mean unbound testosterone and Delta(4)-androstenedione concentrations were 0.05+/-0.03 and 16.7+/-8.3 ng/100 ml, respectively. Mean plasma levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone were 8.7+/-3.3 and 12.9+/-7.7 mU/ml.In male infants mean plasma total testosterone concentration increased to 208+/-68 ng/100 ml from birth to 1-3 mo of age, decreasing thereafter to 95+/-53 ng/100 ml at 3-5 mo, 23.2+/-18 ng/100 ml at 5-7 mo, and reached prepubertal levels (6.6+/-4.6 ng/100 ml) at 7-12 mo. Mean unbound testosterone concentration plateaued from birth to 1-3 mo of age (1.3+/-0.2 ng/100 ml) decreasing to prepubertal values very rapidly. Mean Delta(4)-androstenedione concentration, although progressively decreasing during the 1st yr of life to 11.7+/-4.5 ng/100 ml, was higher than in the female at 1-3 mo of life (34+/-11 ng/100 ml). Mean plasma level of follicle-stimulating hormone was 6.7+/-2.9 mU/ml, and that of luteinizing hormone was 19.7+/-13.5 mU/ml, significantly higher than in the female. There was no correlation between gonadotropin and age or testosterone.The present data demonstrate that the testes are active during the first natal period. It is tempting to correlate this phenomenon to a progressive maturation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis. It is possible that the surge in testosterone occurring the first 3 mo could play a role in the future life pattern of the male human being.     

Whole saliva and plasma levels of clozapine and desmethylclozapine

Background: Therapeutic drug monitoring of clozapine as an aid in the treatment of schizophrenic states is commonly used in our hospital. Objective: Development of a high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the deter?mination of clozapine (CLZ) and its major metabolite desmethylclozapine (DMCLZ) in plasma and saliva, and investigation of the relationship between plasma concentrations of CLZ and DMCLZ and concentrations in saliva in patients treated with clozapine. Methods: Subjects were either inpatients or outpatients with a DSM IV diagnosis of schizophrenia ( n=34). Determination of CLZ and DMCLZ saliva concentrations appeared to be a satisfactory method to check compliance to treatment, particularly in outpatients. Results: Mean CLZ and DMCLZ plasma concentrations were 432±264 ng/ml (±SD) (range 90–1310 ng/ml) and 257±144 ng/ml (range 55–580 ng/ml), respectively. The CLZ/DMCLZ plasma ratio was equal to 1·7±0·5 (daily dosage 7·2±2·3 mg/kg, n=34). Mean CLZ plasma and saliva levels were 336±157 ng/ml (range 90–580 ng/ml) and 159±86 ng/ml (range 40–364 ng/ml), respectively ( r=0·56, n=14). Mean DMCLZ plasma and saliva levels were 196±112 ng/ml (range 55–481 ng/ml) and 109±67 ng/ml (range 40–250 ng/ml), respectively ( r=0·73, n=14). Mean CLZ/DMCLZ ratios determined in plasma and saliva were 1·9±0·6 (range 1·0–3·4) and 1·7±0·6 (range 1·0–3·2), respectively ( r=0·85, n=14). CLZ and DMCLZ saliva concentrations appear to be useful for checking compliance to treatment, in particular among outpatients.     

A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) assay for 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenethyleneglycol and vanilmandelic acid in human serum

Procedure for the quantification of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenethyleneglycol (MHPG) and vanilmandelic acid (VMA) in human serum are described. MHPG was selectively acetylated then determined as its 4-acetyl-di-trifluoroacetyl derivative and VMA as its di-pentabluoropropionyl-methyl ester. Deuterium-labeled MHPG and VMA were used as internal standards. Each of these metabolities and the resprective internal standards was recorded by double ion monitoring respectively, and the ratios were determined for specificity. Assay sensitivities of 1.0 ng/ml for MHPG and 2.0 ng/ml for VMA were achieved using 0.5 ml of serum. Total and free MHPG concentrations in human serum were determined to be 16.5 ng/ml +/- 4.4 (S.D.) and 4.6 ng/ml +/- 1.0 respectively from 10 normal male subjects. Free VMA concentrations were 7.0 ng/ml +/- 1.5; thus the ratio of MHPG/VMA was calculated to be 2.4 +/- 0.7 in these subjects. Of these two major normal metabolites of norepinephrine, MHPG is regarded to be largely derived from the central nervous system while VMA is from the periphery. The procedures are highly specific as well as simple and sensitive enough to permit simultaneous measurement of these two metabolites in a series of multiple samples from an individual.     

Use of inorganic salts to minimize serum interference in a sandwich enzyme immunoassay for human growth hormone using Fab'-horseradish peroxidase conjugate

In a sandwich enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for human growth hormone (hGH) with anti-hGH Fab'-peroxidase conjugate, the effects of inorganic salts on serum interference were examined, and serum interference was eliminated by incubation of serum samples with anti-hGH IgG-coated polystyrene balls in the presence of 0.4 mol/l NaCl, avoiding the need for hGH-free serum. The sensitivity for hGH was 60 fg/tube or 3 ng/l of serum. No cross-reaction was observed with prolactin, chorionic gonadotropin or luteinizing, thyroid-stimulating and follicle-stimulating hormones. The coefficients of within-assay and between-assay variations were 2.8-6.5% and 4.8-8.7%, respectively. The regression equation and correlation coefficient to radioimmunoassay (RIA) were y(EIA) = 0.89x(RIA) + 0.11 and 0.98 (n = 100), respectively. hGH levels in normal male and female adult serum taken between 9:00 and 10:00 a.m. after overnight fasting and 1 h rest were 312 ng/l (range 53-940 ng/l; n = 10) and 662 ng/l (112-2195 ng/l; n = 13), respectively.     

A solid phase enzyme immunoassay for the quantitation of serum ferritin

A non-competitive solid phase enzyme immunoassay for the measurement of ferritin in human serum is described. This procedure involves the use of specific antibody covalently attached to derivatized hydrophilic microparticles and enzyme labeled specific antibody. Reproducible results were achieved within 4 h for ferritin in serum in the range of 4 ng/ml to 250 ng/ml. Ferritin levels as low as 0.4 ng/ml can be measured. The enzyme immunoassay and three commercially available radioimmunoassay (RIA) kits were used to determine serum ferritin levels in healthy adults. Good agreement was found between the enzyme immunoassay and the RIA methods.     

血清雄性激素、AMH检测 在女性不孕诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨雄激素、抗苗勒氏管激素(AMH)对女性不孕诊断中的应用价值。方法 用化学发光法检测258例女性不孕患者雄激素睾酮(To)、雄烯二酮(AND)、硫酸去氢表雄酮(17HS)、性激素结合球蛋白(SHG)和抗苗勒氏管激素(anti-Müllerian hormone,AMH); 女性不孕患者按照不孕原因分观察组(内分泌性不孕158例)和对照组(输卵管因素不孕100例),两组数据采用t检验进行统计学分析; 采用Pearman's 相关法分析女性不孕患者血清AMH水平与AND,SHG间的关系; 采用ROC曲线评估AND和AMH对女性不孕的诊断效能。结果 ①观察组与对照组的各项指标To,AND,AMH,SHG分别为(1.25±0.41 vs 0.25±0.15)nmol/L,(4.9±0.62 vs 1.80±0.51)nmol/L,(13.6±3.5 vs 6.4±1.81)ng/ml和(64.2±32.1 vs 89.3±30.2)nmol/L,与对照组比较,观察组To,AND和AMH显著高于对照组(t=13.02,11.36,9.35,P值均<0.01),SHG则明显低于对照组(t=7.35,P<0.01),差异具有统计学意义; ②以生物学参考区间(AMH:7.63～10.1 ng/ml,AND:0.3～3.3 ng/ml,17HS:18～144 μg/dl,SHG:80～560 nmol/L)为标准,观察组中17HS增高占17.7%,AND增高占72.2%,AMH增高占87.9%,SHG降低51.2%; ③AMH水平与AND存在正相关(r=0.579,P<0.05),与SHG存在负相关(r=0.763,P<0.05); ④AMH,AND和SHG诊断不孕的ROC 曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.921,0.863,0.736; 最佳cutoff值分别为11.26 ng/ml,4.62 nmol/L和32.62 ng/ml,灵敏度分别为89.7%,72.9%和59.6%,特异度分别为86.2%,98.5%和75.6%,准确度分别为87.1%,81.6%和51.2%。联合检查AND,AMH和SHG诊断不孕的灵敏度、特异度分别为96.3%和90.2%。结论 用ROC曲线分析的结果表明AMH,AND和SHG对内分泌性不孕具有诊断价值; 联合检测AMH和AND,SHG对不孕症的早期诊断和治疗更有意义。     

结直肠癌中血清CEA、CA19-9和CA242的水平

目的 探讨血清CEA、CA19-9和CA242与结直肠癌临床病理的相关性。方法 收集2006年1月至9月，上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院普外科手术治疗结直肠癌192例，正常对照组20例和结直肠良性病对照组26例，分别测定血清CEA、CA19-9和CA242含量，结直肠癌标本做免疫组化检测p53和Ki67蛋白表达，统计分析研究结果。结果 结直肠癌组血清CEA（22.03±16.42ng/ml，P<0.01）和CA242（29.22±22.40U/ml，P<0.01）均明显升高，且在D期呈显著上升；CA19-9在D期（120.23±192.16 U/ml）远高于B期（20.15±27.53 U/ml），P=0.023；CEA(38.18±27.43ng/ml，P<0.01)和CA19-9(86.85±69.32U/ml，P<0.05)在近端结肠癌中表达水平远较其他两组肠癌升高；CEA在低分化癌（31.69±28.72ng/ml，P<0.01）和粘液腺癌（35.42±20.01ng/ml，P<0.05）明显升高；p53蛋白表达+++组的CEA（34.21±14.33 ng/ml，P<0.01）和CA242（37.42±29.05U/ml，P<0.01）显著高于他组；Ki67表达+++者的CEA（37.79±26.79ng/ml，P<0.01）和CA242（32.94±23.78U/ml，P<0.05）亦均明显高于他组。结论 CEA、CA242和CA19-9是与结直肠癌相关的血清肿瘤标记物，其水平升高预示肿瘤分期较晚、尤其CEA更提示肿瘤低分化和较差病理类型。     

A non-chromatographic radioimmunoassay of testosterone in serum

Convenient methodology based on separation of testosterone from non-alcoholic neutral steroids by means of a sulfation procedure has been developed for the radioimmunoassay (RIA) of testosterone in male and in female serum. When coordinated with our previously published non-chromatographic procedure (1) for the RIA of estrone and 17 beta-estradiol in serum all 3 steroids can be determined in the same specimen. With only minor modification (14) progesterone also can be determined. Validation of the procedure was based on: 1. agreement between results obtained using TLC and sulfation to fractionate testosterone (r=0.99; b=1.03), 2. accurate recovery of different quatities of testosterone added to serum, 3. independence of the concentration of testosterone and volume of serum used for assay, 4. low procedural blanks (1.1+/-0.7 pg), 5. low intra-assay (4.7-4.8%) and interassay (4.8-8.8%) variability and 6. correspondence of observed values for testosterone in male serum (7.00+/-2.03 ng/ml) and in femal serum (420+/-115 pg/ml) with those reported previously by others.     

2型糖尿病患者血清铁代谢相关指标检测意义

目的 探讨2型糖尿病患者血清铁调素(Hepcidin)、铁蛋白(SF)、转铁蛋白受体(sTfR)和血清铁(SI)的变化与临床意义。方法 130例2型糖尿病患者,分为两组,A组为微量蛋白尿组45例(mAlb30～300 mg/24 h),B组为正常蛋白尿组85例(mAlb＜30 mg/24 h),另选同期45例健康体检者为对照C组。各组均取空腹晨血5 ml离心取血清检测铁调素,SF,sTfR和SI含量。结果 A组患者血清铁调素和SF水平(42.27±32.12 ng/ml,211.6±107.2 ng/ml)均显著高于B组(26.12±18.36 ng/ml,179.1±109.7 ng/ml; P均＜0.05)和C组(9.47±1.65 ng/ml,84.41±47.10 ng/ml),(P均＜0.01); B组患者铁调素和SF水平显著高于C组(P均＜0.01)。各组之间SI水平(15.26 μmol/L,18.65 μmol/L,17.71 μmol/L)和sTfR水平(1.12 μg/L,1.05 μg/L,1.16 μg/L)差异均无统计学意义(t=0.469～1.176,P均＞0.05)。相关分析显示,2型糖尿病患者铁调素与SF呈显著正相关(r=0.329,P＜0.05),铁调素与sTfR,SI无显著相关性(r=0.169,P＞0.05; r=-0.149,P＞0.05)。结论 2型糖尿病患者体内存在以血清铁调素、SF增高为主的铁超负荷和铁代谢紊乱,并与尿微量清蛋白的排泄呈正相关。因此,检测血清铁调素和SF可作为糖尿病早期肾功能损伤的重要预测因子。     

The effect of vitamin E supplementation on biomarkers of endothelial function and inflammation among hemodialysis patients: A double-blinded randomized clinical trial

ObjectivesThe present study was aimed to investigate the effect of alpha-tocopherol supplementation on biomarkers of endothelial function (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 and Vascular Cell Adhesion Protein 1) and inflammatory markers (Interleukin 6 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) among the hemodialysis patients.MethodsTo conduct this randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled clinical trial, 49 hemodialysis patients, aged 20–60 years, were recruited and randomly divided into the intervention and control groups. The intervention group (n = 25) received 600 IU alpha-tocopherol soft gels (200 IU three times daily), while the controls (n = 24) consumed the identical placebo soft gels for 10 weeks. At the baseline and end of the study, 7 ml pre-dialysis blood samples were taken from all participants to measure their serum concentrations of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, IL-6, and hs-CRP.ResultsAlpha-tocopherol supplementation reduced the serum levels of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 significantly (-140.67 ± 57.25 ng/ml vs. -15.97 ± 79.19 ng/ml, P = 0.001 for ICAM-1 and --6.79 ± 4.76 ng/ml vs. 1.02 ± 3.22 ng/ml, P = 0.019 for VCAM-1). However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding the serum levels of hs-CRP (-0.15 ± 0.19 mg/l vs. 0.02 ± 0.12 mg/l; P = 0.32) and IL-6 (-0.03 ± 0.1 pg/ml vs. - 0.06 ± 0.11 pg/ml; P = 0.65).ConclusionsOur results showed that 10 weeks of supplementation with 600 IU alpha-tocopherol improved ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 levels, but did not have any effect on the serum concentration of IL-6 and hs-CRP in hemodialysis patients. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.     

慢性心力衰竭32例的血清甲状腺素变化

目的　探讨慢性心力衰竭 (CHF)患者血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸 (T3 )值的变化。方法　对比分析32例CHF患者的血清T3 值和 30例健康对照组的血清T3 值。结果　Ⅱ级CHF患者血清T3 值为 (1 0±0 5 2 )ng/ml,Ⅲ级CHF患者血清T3 值为 (0 81± 0 4 7)ng/ml,Ⅳ级CHF患者血清T3 值为 (0 6 3± 0 5 7)ng/ml,健康对照组血清T3 值为 (2 0 3± 0 4 5 )ng/ml,各级CHF血清T3 值均有下降 ,与健康对照组比较 ,差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　CHF患者的血清T3 水平有降低。     

Radioimmunoassay of Vasopressin in Unextracted Plasma

A radioimmunoassay (RIA) for arg₈-vasopressin (AVP) in unextracted human plasma was based on a sensitive anti-AVP rabbit antiserum, inhibition of enzymatic damage to [¹²⁵I]AVP and AVP, and the use of an individual plasma blank, to correct for interference of plasma factors with the RIA. Sensitivity was 0.4 pg of synthetic AVP detected, corresponding to 1.2 pg/ml of AVP in human plasma. Recovery of AVP added to pooled plasma was 94 ± 9.3% (mean± S.D.) in the low range (AVP, 2.8 pg/ml added) and 106 ± 11.7% in the high range (45.0 pg/ml added). In 26 healthy, ambulatory subjects on ad lib. water intake, plasma AVP concentration was 2.0 ± 1.22 pg/ml in the supine position and in 28 healthy subjects, 6.2 ± 4.3 pg/ml in the upright position. Water loading suppressed the plasma AVP concentration. Smoking caused increased plasma AVP in 3 subjects despite water loading.     

A radioimmunosorbent technique for the assay of B- and C-types of carbonic anhydrase in human tissues

A radioimmunosorbent technique for the assay of the human carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes HCA B and HCA C in tissue fluids was developed. The sensitivity of the method was 0.2 ng/ml and the precision was 5 % in duplicate determinations for both enzymes. The presence in a tissue of up to 20 times higher concentrations of one isoenzyme will not interfere with the assay of the other. Haemolysates contained (mean ± SE, n = 11) 12.1±0.52 and 1.5 ±0.06 mg enzyme/g Hb, and serum 0.63 ±0.12 and 0.2 ±0.02 μg/ml of HCA B and HCA C, respectively. Pilot experiments indicated that the isoenzymes can be determined also in tissues, i.e. urine, saliva and cerebrospinal fluid, where catalytic methods previously have indicated absence of or only weak carbonic anhydrase activity. N-terminals of both enzymes were not antigenic.     

盐酸西替利嗪的人体药代动力学研究

目的 :用进口盐酸西替利嗪片 (A)为对照品 ,评价片剂B的相对生物利用度和生物等效。方法 :采用随机交叉分组试验设计 ,10名健康成年男性受试者分别口服单剂量 2 0mg测试品和对照品 ,采用HPLC法测定人血清中药物浓度进行生物等效性的研究。结果 :对照品和测试品的tmax分别为 ( 1 72± 0 39)h和 ( 1 6 5± 0 55)h ,Cmax分别为 ( 6 13± 12 1 7)ng/ml和 ( 597± 119 8)ng/ml,AUC0～ 2 4分别为 ( 2 855 1± 52 8 3)h·ng/ml和 ( 30 16 4± 70 2 8)h·ng/ml,t1/2分别为 ( 11 5± 2 7)h和 ( 12 0±2 9)h ;片剂B相对A的平均生物利用度为 ( 10 0 2± 7 4 ) %。结论 :测试片剂B与对照片剂A具生物等效性     

少年儿童骨科疾病患者血清骨代谢标志物浓度探讨

目的 探讨不同性别不同年龄少年儿童骨科疾病患者血清骨代谢标志物浓度变化,了解骨钙素及β-胶原特殊序列两项指标在少年儿童期受性别及年龄的影响程度。方法 选取2013年1月～2018年6月四川省骨科医院收治的少年儿童骨科疾病住院患者1 179例,年龄1～18岁。按性别及年龄分组,年龄段以每一岁为一个年龄段划分,分别测定血清骨钙素及β-胶原特殊序列浓度,并比较二者在相同年龄不同性别下的浓度差异以及相同性别不同年龄下的浓度变化趋势。结果 相同年龄不同性别比较,1～9岁和11岁时,男女骨钙素和β-胶原特殊序列浓度差异无统计学意义(t=0.032～1.936,t=0.046～1.307,均P>0.05); 10岁时,女性骨钙素浓度高于男性(117.15±44.63 ng/ml vs 85.12±29.48 ng/ml),差异有统计学意义(t=2.508,P=0.017); 12～18岁时,男性骨钙素和β-胶原特殊序列浓度均明显高于女性,差异有统计学意义(t=3.318～7.986,t=3.317～9.381,均P<0.01)。另一方面,从变化趋势上看,血中骨钙素及β-胶原特殊序列浓度均随着年龄的增长前期呈上升趋势,二者浓度男性在12～13岁时达到峰值,女性在11岁时达到峰值,之后均逐渐下降。结论 少年儿童骨科疾病患者血清骨钙素及β-胶原特殊序列浓度受年龄及性别影响较大,随着年龄的增长,二者在血中的浓度变化趋势具有一致性,诊断和治疗时应充分考虑年龄和性别因素。     

鼻咽癌患者鼻咽分泌物和血清TNF-α测定的临床意义

目的　观察鼻咽癌患者鼻咽分泌物和血清中肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF α)含量及临床意义。方法　收集 2 0例健康对照者和 43例鼻咽癌患者的鼻咽分泌物和血清样本 ,应用放射免疫法测定TNF α含量。结果　对照组鼻咽分泌物含量 12 .95± 4.62fmol/ml、血清为 15 .43± 4.2 5fmol/ml;鼻咽癌组鼻咽分泌物含量为 3 4.68± 14 .0 3fmol/ml ,血清为 49.0 3± 15 .3 0fmol/ml。鼻咽癌组鼻咽分泌物和血清中TNF α含量均明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　鼻咽癌患者鼻咽分泌物和血清中TNF α含量高于正常人 ,其含量呈同步升高 ,同时进行二种检测对鼻咽癌的诊断可提供帮助。