食管心房调搏诊断窦房折返性心动过速1例

患者女,28岁,反复心动过速史3年,每年发作2—3次,发作时除心悸外,无其他特殊症状。胸部X线、超声心动图均未见器质性心脏病证据。食管心房调搏检查:调搏前心电图为窦性心律。电刺激可反复诱发心动过速,心动过速时QRS形态正常,心室率160次/min。其中分级起搏S_1-S_1210—220次/min可诱发,程序刺激S_1—S_2也可诱发,诱发窗口200—340ms。反复短阵猝发脉冲220—250次/min可终止心动过速。电刺激反复诱发和终止室上性心动过速可排除自律性房性心动过速。附图A为S_1S_2程序刺激,图中3个导联为同步记录,当S_1-S_2为340ms时诱发室上速。S_2-R为180ms,无明显延长,P_1直立,可排除房室结折返及房室折返性心动过速(AVNRT),而支持窦房折返及房内折返性心动过速。附图B为短阵猝发脉冲220次/min终止室上性心动过速,恢复窦性心律后P-R间期虽明显短于心动过速时P＇-R间期,但P波形态与心动过速时P＇波的形态无明显差     

腺苷敏感性房性心动过速一例

1例心动过速患者心动过速发作心电图示窄QRS波 ,PR间期相似文献   

快慢型房室结折返性心动过速的电生理特点

目的分析快慢型房室结折返性心动过速（AVNRT）患者的临床特征、心电网和电生理检查特点、射频消融治疗特点,旨在为临床长RP。心动过速鉴别提供帮助。方法11例经心内电生理检查证实为慢快型房室结折返性心动过速的患者,回顾性分析其临床特征、心电图特点及电生理检查特点及射频消融治疗。结果心动过速表现为窄QRs波心动过速,RP’〉P’R,P。在Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联倒置,RP’间期为350±25ms,心率为1664-30bpm。11例患者中有3例出现室房逆传跳跃现象。心房程序刺激无明显跳跃现象,11例均可由心房StS：刺激诱发心动过速发作,且容易诱发,容易终止。心动过速发作时,5例CS9．10A波最早,6例HiS的A波最早,其中1例静推ATP心动过速终止。11例患者中9例经房室结改良消融传统慢径获得成功,2例在冠状静脉窦内消融成功,术后随访3个月以上均未再发作心动过速。结论长RP’心动过速的诊断和鉴别诊断有一定困难,如能排除慢旁道和房速,应考虑快慢型房室结折返性心动过速。     

快慢型房室结折返性心动过速的电生理特点

目的观察快慢型房室结折返性心动过速的体表心电图和心内电生理特点.方法分析29例快慢型房室结折返性心动过速(FS,简称FS组)的体表心电图和心内电生理参数,并与61例慢快型房室结折返性心动过速(SF,简称SF组)的心内电生理进行比较.结果FS组心电图RP＞PR,PR间期平均为122±37 ms,其中5例PR≤100 ms,P波在QRS波群之前,类似交界区心动过速,P波在Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联为完全负向,V1导联为负正双向.FS组无AH间期跳跃现象较SF组更常见(69.0%vs.19.7%,有显著性差异P＜0.05);FS组心房和心室刺激更易诱发心动过速(79.3%vs.6.6%,有显著性差异P＜0.05).结论FS具有独特的体表心电图和心内电生理特点,这些特点有助于其诊断和射频导管消融治疗.     

述评:长RP心动过速的鉴别诊断是一项基本功

室上性心动过速发生时,心室波(QRS波)起点与其后心房波(P波)起点之间的时间间期为RP间期。当RP间期≥50%心动过速RR间期,即RP>PR时,称长RP心动过速。长RP心动过速包括:房性心动过速、快慢型房室结折返性心动过速(FS-AVNRT)、持续性交界性反复性心动过速(PJRT)、房扑伴2:1房室传导、窦房折返性心动过速及窦性心动过速。上述多     

房室结双径路特殊心电图表现2例

例1 患者女性，42岁。因反复心悸3月入院。临床诊断：阵发性室上性心动过速。动态心电图(图1)见室性期前收缩、室上性心动过速。室上性心动过速为房室折返性心动过速与房室结内折返性心动过速同时出现。房室折返性心动过速均由室性期前收缩诱发，发作时心室率不齐，R-R、P^--R间期长短不一，第1个P^--R间期均短而同定，为340ms R-R     

心电图问答

按心电图回答问题:患者男,37岁,阵发心悸3年入院。心悸(图1)和窦律(图2)时心电图如下,请结合心电图作出相应分析和诊断。(邸业提供,答案在本刊第451页)心电图解答(问题在本刊第385页)心动过速时心电图:有时RP间期长,有时RP间期短,但心室率规则,这可以除外房性心动过速和房室折返性心动过速;心动过速时QRS波形态和窦律时相同,可初步除外心室起源的室性心动过速(简称室速),但心动过速时QRS波形态和窦律时相同,因此不能除外His束旁的室速可能,因此本图诊断:房房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT),不除外His束旁的室速。     

消融房室结慢径路导致窦性心律时的长PR间期恢复正常

房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)是以房室结双径路为基础的折返性室上性心动过速。大多数患者窦性心律时体表心电图的PR间期在正常范围。本文报道1例消融术前窦性心律时伴长PR间期的AVNRT患者，消融房室结慢径路后PR间期恢复正常。     

利用心电散点图和心电图性质诊断快慢型房室结折返性心动过速二例

2例患者,男女各1例。动态心电图散点图大数据分析确诊为房性并行和室行并行心律,逆向出来的典型心动过速的片段心电图呈现出窄QRS波心动过速。心动过速发作时下壁导联P波呈负向波,位于QRS波之前,且心动过速由房性早搏或室性早搏诱发;房性并行心律或窦性P波、室性早搏的发生不干扰心动过速发作频率和过程。故推测心动过速折返环位于房室结内,诊断为快-慢型房室折返性心动过速。     

室性心动过速伴1∶1室房传导酷似室上性心动过速伴左束支传导阻滞1例

患者男性,45岁。因突发心悸、胸闷30min伴黑矇来院急诊。同步12导联心电图(图1A)示:R-R间期规则,心室率136次/min,QRS波群宽大畸形呈左束支传导阻滞型,时间0.12s,电轴左偏-43°。且Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF、aVR、V1导联QRS波群后可见一P-波,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF倒置,V1直立,R-P间期固定为0.14s,酷似顺向性房室折返性心动过速伴左束支传导阻滞。刺激迷走神经未能终止心动过速,故给予普鲁帕酮70mg静脉注射,也未能终止心动过速。30min后(图1B)心室率加快至188次/min,心律规则,QRS形态、时间均未发生明显改变,但室房传导比例由原来1∶1变为3∶1。由此诊断…     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.