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1.
Elisabetta Cotti Silvia Mezzena Elia Schirru Olimpia Ottonello Michela Mura Francesca Ideo Marta Susnik Paolo Usai 《Journal of endodontics》2018,44(12):1777-1782
Introduction
We evaluated healing after nonsurgical primary/secondary endodontic treatment of apical periodontitis (AP) in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) treated with anti–tumor necrosis factor alpha biologic medications (BMs).Methods
Nineteen patients with 22 teeth affected by AP from the gastroenterology unit of the hospital with IBDs under treatment with BMs formed the study group (the IBD group). Fourteen patients with 22 teeth with AP, matched by age and sex, without systemic diseases and not taking medications formed the control group. Teeth underwent primary or secondary root canal treatments and clinical and radiographic follow-up every 3 months for 24 months. The periapical index score was recorded, and 2 trained and calibrated endodontists evaluated and compared radiographs (weighted kappa values, κ = 0.8). The Mann-Whitney, t, chi-square, Fisher, and Bruner-Langer tests and analysis of variance–type statistics were used as appropriate.Results
The recall rate was 100%. All teeth in the IBD patients and 81% in the control patients healed (P = .108). Initial healing was appreciable at 3 months in the IBD group and 6 months in the control group (P = .174). Overall healing was reached at 6 and 10.5 months in the IBD and control groups, respectively (P = .106). At any time of the experiment, teeth in the IBD patients showed a higher probability of healing (P < .05). Both groups exhibited a similar decrement of the periapical index (P = .291), more significant for the IBD at the 3-month follow-up (P < .05). The 2 BMs used showed a similar trend of healing (P = .628).Conclusions
The treatment of AP in patients taking BMs had no complications; furthermore, it was associated with faster healing than the controls. These results support the possible therapeutic aid of BMs in treating AP. 相似文献2.
Elisabetta Cotti Kenneth Abramovitch James Jensen Elia Schirru Dwight D. Rice Udochukwu Oyoyo Mahmoud Torabinejad 《Journal of endodontics》2017,43(11):1841-1846
Introduction
Given the increasing use of anti–tumor necrosis factor α (anti-TNFα) biologic medications, and their interferences with the immune-inflammatory response, this study evaluated the effect of adalimumab (anti-TNFα), on healing and healing time of apical periodontitis (AP) in ferrets.Methods
Twelve male ferrets received cone beam computed tomography of the jaws at baseline health (T0); AP confirmation (T1); and 30 (T2), 60 (T3), and 90 (T4) days after root canal treatment (RCT) to monitor healing. All animals had AP induced in the canines; 3 ferrets (12 teeth) provided the positive controls for the histologic evaluation; 9 ferrets were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups with 12 teeth each in the following manner: Systemic: conventional RCT and systemic anti-TNFα; Local: RCT and periapical administration of anti-TNFα before canal obturation; conventional RCT only (control). Two calibrated radiologists assessed the cone beam computed tomography images independently and blindly for AP identification and quantification. Rank-based analysis of covariance was used for statistical analysis of lesion size.Results
AP was induced in all teeth. Following RCT, all AP lesions in the 3 groups showed a significant reduction in size. Specific pairwise comparisons of the related samples (Friedman's 2-way analysis of variance by ranks within each group) demonstrated a decreasing trend in lesion size with healing time in all 3 groups, most pronounced for local group (local adalimumab). No statistical difference was noticed between groups.Conclusions
Both systemic and local anti-TNFα did not hinder AP healing in this animal model and a faster healing response may also be anticipated. These findings encourage follow-up studies with larger sample sizes. 相似文献3.
Asgeir Sigurdsson Randy W. Garland Khang T. Le Shahriar A. Rassoulian 《Journal of endodontics》2018,44(3):510-517
Introduction
This report includes outcomes for a group of patients with significant periapical lesions who were treated and evaluated in two single-arm, multicenter, prospective, nonsignificant risk clinical studies.Methods
Forty-five teeth were from 45 patients who met the inclusion criteria and consented for the clinical studies and were diagnosed with periapical lesions with periapical index score ≥3. Patients were treated with a standardized treatment protocol including instrumentation to an apical diameter of #20 without orifice enlargement, the GentleWave Procedure, and warm vertical obturation. Clinical signs and radiographic assessments were evaluated at 12 months to assess healing. Success was classified as healing or healed and accounted for the cumulative success rate of healing. Statistical analyses were performed by using Fisher exact test, Pearson correlation, and multivariate logistic regression analyses.Results
At 12 months, 44 of 45 teeth (97.8%) were evaluated. The cumulative success rate for the GentleWave Procedure was 97.7%. Forty-three of 44 teeth were completely functional; all teeth had complete resolution for measured indices of mobility, soft tissue lesions, sinus tract, and furcation involvement. No patients experienced moderate or severe pain at 2, 7, and 14 days after procedure. Although only 1 patient was unsuccessful and the presence of clinical symptoms and type of periradicular diagnosis at 12 months were correlated with an unsuccessful outcome, the analyses were limited by the sample size.Conclusions
In this case series analysis, treatment of sizable periapical lesions with the GentleWave Procedure resulted in a success rate of 97.7% at 12-month re-evaluation. 相似文献4.
Navid Khalighinejad Anita Aminoshariae James C. Kulild Andre Mickel 《Journal of endodontics》2017,43(10):1611-1614
Introduction
Preeclampsia (PE) is characterized by hypertension and proteinuria after the 20th week of gestation. There is an association between systemic inflammation and adverse pregnancy outcomes such as PE. Therefore, for the first time, the present study aimed to investigate the possible association between maternal apical periodontitis (AP) and PE.Methods
In this case-control study, 50 mothers who were diagnosed with PE during pregnancy were included in the experimental group. The control group consisted of 50 matched mothers with a normal course of pregnancy. The endodontic and periodontal status of all participants was reviewed using the digital panoramic radiographs that were available before pregnancy. The number of remaining teeth and the presence of AP in all teeth and endodontically treated teeth were recorded using the periapical index. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the possible association between AP and PE (α = 0.05).Results
AP in at least 1 tooth was found in 27 of the mothers who developed PE (54%) and in 16 of the control patients (32%) (odds ratio [OR] = 2.4, P < .05). Adjusted for the maternal periodontitis, number of teeth, and endodontic treatment, maternal AP was significantly associated with the occurrence of PE (P < .05; OR = 2.23; 95% confidence interval, 95% = 1.92–6.88).Conclusions
AP was significantly more prevalent in the experimental group. For the first time, this study has provided evidence that maternal AP may be a strong independent predictor of PE. Considering the high occurrence of PE, particularly in developing countries, it could be suggested that the risk of PE may be reduced through comprehensive dental examinations for detecting and treating any source of inflammation, including AP, before pregnancy. 相似文献5.
Sarina E.C. Pichardo Frans Willem ten Broek J.P. Richard van Merkesteyn 《Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery》2018,46(8):1241-1246
Purpose
The treatment of pathologic fractures in stage III medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) remains challenging. The treatment in the literature is controversial, varying from extensive and aggressive surgery with resections and musculocutaneous free flap reconstruction to conservative treatment with only mouth rinses and/or antimicrobial treatment. The purpose of this study was to analyse the results of the treatment protocol in the Leiden University Medical Center in the Netherlands.Materials and methods
Between 2003 and 2017, a total of 15 consecutive patients were seen with pathologic fractures in stage III MRONJ. Patient characteristics and treatment were studied.Results
Seven patients were dentate, and were all surgically treated according to protocol, with 3 additionally undergoing intermaxillary fixation. Eight patients were edentulous of whom 6 were surgically treated: 2 with osteosynthesis and the rest with a soft diet post-operatively for several weeks. One patient showed healing in a later stage and was not treated. Two patients were treated with antimicrobial treatment and a soft diet. Eleven patients (73%) showed complete healing of the fracture or a pseudarthrosis and were free of complaints and able to function.Conclusion
These results show that a relatively simple (surgical and/or antimicrobial) approach, combined with intermaxillary fixation on occasion, can lead to consolidation and/or a pseudarthrosis with a remaining and acceptable function of the jaw. 相似文献6.
Jiacheng Lin Qian Zeng Xi Wei Wei Zhao Minyi Cui Jing Gu Jiaxuan Lu Maobin Yang Junqi Ling 《Journal of endodontics》2017,43(11):1821-1827
Introduction
The aim of the study was to compare the outcomes of regenerative endodontic treatment (RET) and apexification on immature permanent teeth with pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis.Methods
A total of 118 patients (118 teeth) were recruited and randomly assigned to either RET or apexification treatment. Each treatment group was divided into 2 subgroups according to the etiology: dens evaginatus or trauma. Clinical symptoms and complications were recorded, and cone-beam computed tomographic imaging with a limited field of view was used to measure the change of root length, root thickness, and apical foramen size at the 12-month follow-up. The t test/rank sum test and Fisher exact test were applied to compare the change of root morphology between RET and apexification.Results
One hundred three of 118 cases were completed at the 12-month follow-up. The survival rate was 100% for both treatment groups. All cases were asymptomatic with apical healing. The RET group showed a significant increase in root length and root thickness compared with the apexification group (P < .05). In the RET group, the cases caused by dens evaginatus achieved increased root length and root thickness compared with those caused by trauma (P < .05).Conclusions
RET and apexification achieved a comparable outcome in regard to the resolution of symptoms and apical healing. RET showed a better outcome than apexification regarding increased root thickness and root length. The etiology had an impact on the outcome of RET. Dens evaginatus cases showed better prognoses than trauma cases after RET. 相似文献7.
Ioannis Iatrou Nadia Theologie-Lygidakis Ourania Schoinohoriti Fotios Tzermpos Anastassios I. Mylonas 《Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery》2018,46(2):213-221
Background
The rarity of Ewing's sarcoma (ES) in the maxillofacial region of children, coupled with the technical challenge of resection and associated functional and cosmetic impairment has resulted in deficient data regarding the optimal local control of the disease.Objective
To describe our experience in the management of primary maxillofacial ES in children, focusing on the therapeutic modalities for local control of the disease.Study design
Single institution observational study.Methods
This is a single institution review of patients, treated between 2007 and 2016.Results
Six primary maxillofacial ES were treated according to the EURO-EWING 99 protocol, consisting of a uniform chemotherapy regimen, combined selectively with surgery and radiotherapy as local treatment. Patients' mean age was 9.42 years (range 6–12.5 years). One patient initially suffered from metastasis and succumbed to the disease; another refused further treatment following chemotherapy and was lost to follow-up. Four patients underwent surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy successfully. At a mean follow-up of 3.78 years relapse-free and overall survival rates were 60% and 80% respectively. The aesthetic and functional outcome was satisfactory in all treated patients.Conclusions
In eligible cases the combination of chemotherapy with surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy results in optimal oncological and functional outcome for children with ES of the maxillofacial region. Metastasis and poor response to chemotherapy are the most important adverse prognostic factors. 相似文献8.
Introduction
Mandibular premolars that have rare and complex anatomies may have the highest failure rate in nonsurgical endodontic treatment. Awareness of rare and complex anatomies of mandibular second premolars would aid in better outcomes of the treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the success of nonsurgical root canal treatment of mandibular second premolar teeth with complex apical branching.Methods
Twenty-six mandibular second premolar teeth with complex apical branching treated with multiple-visit nonsurgical root canal treatment or nonsurgical retreatment were retrospectively evaluated.Results
For the clinical outcomes, 9 subjects had complete healing, 1 subject had functional healing, and no subject had no healing scores out of 10 root canal treatment subjects. Six subjects had complete healing, 8 subjects had functional healing, and 2 subjects had no healing scores out of 16 retreatment subjects. For the radiographic outcomes, 7 subjects had complete healing, 3 subjects had incomplete healing, and no subject had no healing scores out of 10 root canal treatment subjects. Six subjects had complete healing, 8 subjects had incomplete healing, and 2 subjects had no healing scores out of 16 retreatment subjects. The clinical outcome of root canal treatment subjects was significantly different than retreatment subjects (P < .05). Similarly, the radiographic outcome of root canal treatment subjects was also significantly different than retreatment cases (P < .05).Conclusions
The outcome of endodontic treatment of mandibular second premolars may be influenced by treatment type. 相似文献9.
Raymond A. Kuthy Susan C. McKernan Mark Pooley M. Bridget Zimmerman 《Journal of the American Dental Association (1939)》2018,149(4):308-316
Background
In this study, the authors used observational data from 2014 to evaluate the association between the number of general dentists and several community characteristics.Methods
The authors collected community-level characteristics from secondary sources for all 947 Iowa incorporated communities to study their relationships with the mean number of general dentists per 1,000 population per square mile (population density), the dependent variable. The authors used zero-inflated negative binomial models to examine the association between the dependent and predictor variables.Results
Only 22.8% of communities had a dentist. Urban, young, well-educated, fluoridated communities with at least 1 elementary school had the highest estimated mean concentration of dentists. Isolated communities with older, less educated adults and lacking fluoridation and an elementary school had the fewest dentists.Conclusions
Although population is an important determinant for where a dentist practices, other variables such as urbanization, demographic characteristics, fluoridation status, and presence of at least 1 elementary school are also predictors of the number of dentists in a community.Practical Implications
These findings provide dental students and young practitioners useful information by highlighting community characteristics that are associated with office locations. 相似文献10.
Francine Baldin Able Ivete Aparecida de Mattias Sartori Geninho Thomé Ana Cláudia Moreira Melo 《The Journal of prosthetic dentistry》2018,119(1):60-66
Statement of problem
Mandibular fixed complete-arch dental prostheses on dental implants have been benefiting patients for a long time, but problems with passive fitting between the metallic framework of the prostheses and the implants might influence its long-term success.Purpose
The purpose of this cross-sectional study of immediately loaded mandibular fixed complete-arch dental prostheses was to evaluate the survival and success rates of prostheses, the survival rates of dental implants, the occurrence of complications in the prostheses and implants, participant satisfaction, and the association between cantilever length and prosthesis complications.Material and methods
Data were collected from the participants’ records. The exposure variables were participant related (sex and age) and treatment related (number of implants and length of cantilever). The outcome variables were the survival and success of the prostheses and implants, complications, and participant satisfaction. The Fisher or chi-square tests was used for the association between 2 qualitative variables (α=.05).Results
Two hundred ninety consecutive participants (1429 implants) with a mean follow-up time of 4.4 years were included. The survival rate for the prostheses was 98.6 and the success rate was 96.6%. The implant survival rate was 99.6%. Sixty-seven participants experienced a prosthetic complication, the most common being tooth fracture. Only 2.45% (n=35) of the implants were associated with screw loosening. Of the total number of participants, 86.9% were completely satisfied with their treatment. The length of the cantilever (up to 25 mm) was not associated with complications (P>.05).Conclusions
Implant-supported mandibular fixed complete-arch dental prostheses fabricated with a passive fit technique provide successful treatment for patients with edentulism. The success and survival rates of implants and prostheses were high. Only straightforward complications were observed. Cantilever length was not associated with complications. 相似文献11.
Elizabeth T. Niezen Rudolf R.M. Bos Baucke van Minnen Uwe Eckelt Frank Tavassol Pieter U. Dijkstra 《Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery》2018,46(10):1719-1725
Purpose
To explore differences in patient, fracture, accident and treatment characteristics between patients treated for a mandibular condyle fracture in the University Centres of Dresden and Groningen, as an explanation for differences treatment results.Materials and methods
Patients' fracture, accident and treatment characteristics were obtained from the medical records of Dresden and Groningen from January 1, 2008, to August 31, 2011, and were analysed using logistic regression analysis.Results
In Dresden, compared to Groningen, patients were generally older (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.02; 1.05, per year), were more often male (OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.48; 4.34) and more often had intracapsular (OR 2.95, 95% CI 1.67; 5.22) and low condylar (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.14; 3.04) fractures. In Groningen 98% of patients received closed treatment and in Dresden 42%.Conclusion
Significant differences in patients and fractures and treatments were found between both Centres. These differences can partly be explained by the demographics of the cities and differences in imaging techniques (e.g., computed tomography, Orthopantomogram, Towne projection) applied to identify fractures. This study illustrates that differences in diagnosis, treatment and outcome are not only related to the health care system but also to differences in patient characteristics between centres. 相似文献12.
Sven Otto Egon Burian Matthias Troeltzsch Gabriele Kaeppler Michael Ehrenfeld 《Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery》2018,46(4):534-537
Purpose
Diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis (DSO) is a rare disease of the jaw bone. Its treatment is challenging. Different medical and surgical treatment protocols have been proposed; however, none of these treatment protocols produce reliable results. Recently, ibandronate administration has been attempted as a treatment alternative in acute cases of DSO. Due to the similar antiresorptive effect, we sought to explore the application of the human monoclonal antibody to the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL), denosumab, in the treatment of DSO.Materials and methods
One female patient with histologically verified DSO received subcutaneous injections of denosumab (Prolia® 60 mg). The further course of the disease was followed clinically and by radiography and scintigraphy.Results
In this case, the use of denosumab displayed promising results in aiding pain relief and reducing inflammatory activity.Conclusion
We suggest that antiresorptive treatment with denosumab can be considered as an alternative treatment for patients suffering from DSO. However further studies, with respect to clarifying the mechanisms of action and defining the necessary medication dose as well as application intervals, have to be conducted. 相似文献13.
María Peñarrocha-Diago Isabel Menéndez-Nieto Juan Cervera-Ballester Laura Maestre-Ferrín Juan Antonio Blaya-Tárraga David Peñarrocha-Oltra 《Journal of endodontics》2018,44(8):1205-1209
Introduction
Several variables have been associated with a better prognosis of periapical surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of 2 hemostatic agents on the prognosis of periapical surgery at 12 months.Methods
A prospective study was designed with 2 randomized parallel groups established depending on the hemostatic agent used: epinephrine or aluminum chloride. The analysis of the hemorrhage control was recorded as 0 (no hemorrhage control), 1 (slight but apparent intermittent bleeding persisted after application of the material), or 2 (complete hemorrhage control). At 12 months, periapical lesion healing was determined clinically and radiologically as success, improvement, or failure.Results
Ninety-five patients (67 women and 28 men) with periapical lesions involving a single tooth were enrolled in this study; in 45 teeth, epinephrine was used and in 50 teeth aluminum chloride. In the epinephrine group, 28 teeth were classified as successes, 10 as improvements, and 7 as failures. In the aluminum chloride group, 34 teeth were classified as successes, 11 as improvements, and 5 as failures. No statistically significant difference was found.Conclusions
The present study found no association between the use of epinephrine or aluminum chloride as hemostatic agents on the prognosis of periapical surgery. The efficacy of hemostatic agents at the time of surgery showed no relationship with the healing outcome. 相似文献14.
15.
Maria Messing Letícia Chaves de Souza Franco Cavalla Krishna Kumar Kookal Gabriella Rizzo Muhammad Walji Renato Silva Ariadne Letra 《Journal of endodontics》2019,45(2):104-110
Introduction
Apical periodontitis (AP) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are chronic conditions triggered by an inflammatory process and sharing similar pathogeneses and molecular players. Previous studies have suggested that AP may perpetuate a systemic inflammation state and, in turn, contribute to CVD. In this study, we investigated the potential association between endodontic pathology and CVD using epidemiological and genetic approaches.Methods
Epidemiologic analysis was performed by querying the medical and dental records of >2 million patients. We retrieved information on positive/negative history for endodontic pathologies and CVDs using diagnostic and treatment codes from a dental school–based and a hospital-based patient electronic health record system. A case-control genetic association study was also performed; 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes identified as strongly associated with CVDs were genotyped in 195 cases with AP and 189 control individuals without AP. Data analyses were performed using the chi-square and Fisher exact tests. P ≤.05 indicates significant difference between groups.Results
Significant associations were found between the presence of endodontic pathology and a history of hypertension, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, pacemaker, congestive heart failure, heart block, deep vein thrombosis, and cardiac surgery (0.0001 ≤ P ≤ .008). A modest association was found for heart murmur and atrial fibrillation (P = .04). A trend toward positive association (P = .05) was also found between AP and a single nucleotide polymorphism in KCNK3, a gene known to be involved in increased susceptibility to hypertension.Conclusions
Significant associations were found between endodontic pathology and various CVDs and CVD-related risk factors, particularly hypertension. A trend toward a positive association was also found between AP and KCNK3, suggesting that common genetic variations may underlie different diseases. Additional studies with larger sample sizes have the potential to elucidate common mechanisms underlying AP and CVD. 相似文献16.
Erkan Çırak Anıl Özyurt Tuncay Peker Suna Ömeroğlu Mehmet Nadir Güngör 《Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery》2018,46(7):1147-1152
Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of helium-neon and gallium-aluminum-arsenide lasers with various doses on bone healing following tooth extraction.Materials and Methods
Maxillary right incisor teeth of 30 female albino Wistar rats were extracted. Five groups were established: four groups treated with helium-neon or gallium-aluminum-arsenide lasers and a control group. Both laser groups' rats received energy doses of 6 J/cm2 and 10 J/cm2 for 7 days. At the end of 30 days, all subjects were sacrificed for histological and morphological evaluations.Results
Laser groups showed faster bone healing and gallium-aluminum-arsenide lasers increased vascular immunoreactivity. The most widespread organized bone formation in the extraction socket was observed in the gallium-aluminum-arsenide laser group with the energy dose of 10 J/cm2 (p < 0.05).Conclusion
This study demonstrated that low-level laser therapies were effective on alveolar bone healing and that an energy dose of 10 J/cm2 did not have an inhibition effect on bone regeneration. 相似文献17.
Statement of problem
Lack of an accepted definition for the ascending ramus of the mandible means no common reference point is available for clinical or research dialogue.Purpose
The purpose of this review was to determine whether the ascending ramus has been defined, by using a search of published studies.Material and methods
PubMed was searched, using terms “ascending ramus” and “mandible.”Results
The search found no acceptable definition of the ascending ramus of the mandible.Conclusions
An acceptable definition for the ascending ramus of the mandible is lacking, and one is proposed here. 相似文献18.
Jennifer J. Archibald Gildo Coelho Santos Maria Jacinta Moraes Coelho Santos 《The Journal of prosthetic dentistry》2018,119(5):743-748.e1
Statement of problem
Indirect restorations with partial or complete occlusal surface coverage have been recommended to restore teeth with weakened walls in order to prevent cusp fracture. The success of these restorations when performed by dental students is unknown.Purpose
The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical performance of adhesively bonded ceramic onlay restorations placed by third- and fourth-year dental students.Material and methods
Sixty-five ceramic onlays were placed in patients between 2009 and 2015. The onlays were laboratory or chairside fabricated with a computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) system, using either IPS e.max Press or IPS e.max CAD. An adhesive technique and luting composite resin agent were used to cement the restorations. Thirty-seven onlays were evaluated clinically using the modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. Data were statistically analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model to compare tooth type and failures and the Fisher exact and McNemar tests to compare the USPHS criteria for significant differences (α=.05). Survival probability was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier algorithm.Results
Five onlays were considered to be failures and needed replacement. According to the Kaplan-Meier analysis, the estimated survival rate was 96.3% after 2 years and 91.5% at 4 years. All 5 of the failures occurred on molars (13.5%) and none on premolars (P=.025). A statistically significant difference was found for marginal discoloration between onlays placed within 0 to 3 years and 3 to 6 years (P<.05) but no differences between any other criteria.Conclusions
Ceramic onlays placed by dental students demonstrated acceptable long-term clinical performance. 相似文献19.
Ronald E. Goldstein Wendy Auclair Clark 《Journal of the American Dental Association (1939)》2017,148(6):387-391
Background
Awake bruxism is a common clinical condition that often goes undetected, often leading to pain or damaged teeth and restorations.Methods
The authors searched electronic databases regarding the treatment and effects of awake bruxism compared with those of sleep bruxism. The authors used the search terms diurnal bruxism and oral parafunction. The authors combined information from relevant literature with clinical experience to establish a recommended protocol for diagnosis and treatment.Results
The authors found articles regarding the diagnosis and treatment of bruxism. The authors combined information from the articles with a review of clinical cases to establish a treatment protocol for awake bruxism.Conclusions
Literature and clinical experience indicate a lack of patient awareness and, thus, underreporting of awake bruxism. As a result, myriad dental consequences can occur from bruxism. The authors propose a need for increased awareness, for both patients and professionals, particularly of the number of conditions related to awake bruxism.Practical Implications
Clinicians should look for clinical signs and symptoms of awake bruxism and use minimally invasive treatment modalities. 相似文献20.
Jason Clague Thomas R. Belin Vivek Shetty 《Journal of the American Dental Association (1939)》2017,148(6):377-386