Acute infusion of lithium chloride raises blood pressure in the conscious rat

The effects of acute infusion of lithium chloride (LiCl) were studied on mean arterial pressure (MAP) and magnocellular activity as shown by the concentrations of vasopressin-associated neurophysin ([VP-RNP]) and concentrations of oxytocin-associated neurophysin ([OT-RNP]) in plasma in conscious Long-Evans rats. Chronically-cannulated rats were infused intravenously at 10 microliter/100 g body wt/min with 13% LiCl for 20 min (total dose = 6.16 mequiv./kg body wt) or 0.65% LiCl for 60 min (total dose = 0.92 mequiv./kg body wt). Effects of 13% LiCl on mean arterial pressure were also examined in vasopressin-deficient homozygous Brattleboro rats. For Long-Evans rats, infusion of 13% LiCl produced rapid and significant (P less than 0.001) increases in mean arterial pressure, the concentration of lithium in plasma ([Li+]), plasma osmolality (Posmol), [VP-RNP], [OT-RNP] and significant decreases in heart rate and sodium concentration in plasma ([Na+]). For similar changes in plasma osmolality, lithium had a greater effect than sodium on mean arterial pressure, [VP-RNP], [OT-RNP]. For the 20 min infusion of 13% LiCl, there was a significant relationship (P less than 0.033) between delta MAP and log delta[VP-RNP] with a slope of 11.9 mmHg fmol-1 ml-1 (r = 0.5678). Unlike that of Long-Evans rats, infusion of 13% LiCl only did not produce significant changes of mean arterial pressure in Brattleboro rats. For Long-Evans rats, infusion of 0.65% LiCl resulted in more gradual and smaller elevations of blood pressure, [Li+] and smaller decreases in heart rate with no significant changes in plasma osmolality, [Na+], [VP-RNP] and [OT-RNP].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

生长激素与肠内营养对食管癌患者术后营养与免疫的影响研究

目的分析并探讨生长激素与肠内营养对食管癌患者术后免疫与营养的影响。方法将川北医学院附属医院收治的食管癌患者64例按照入院时间将其随机分为治疗组与对照组各32例。其中治疗组32例患者服用肠内营养瑞素7d,并给予皮下注射重组人生长激素(rhGH)7d;对照组32例患者服用相同热量及氮量的肠外营养7d,观察各个营养指标以及免疫学指标的变化情况。结果在手术前1日,治疗组与对照组在三个营养指标:血清白蛋白、前白蛋白以及转铁蛋白方面对比无明显差异(P均>0.05),不具统计学意义;在手术后第1日两组间的三个营养学指标均出现下降(P均>0.05),但不具统计学意义;术后第7日两组间的三种指标均出现回升,差异显著(P均<0.05),具有统计学意义。两组术前三种免疫球蛋白水平比较无明显差异(P>0.05),不具有统计学意义;术后第1日两组免疫球蛋白水平均出现降低趋势,但无明显差异(P>0.05);两组术后第7日免疫球蛋白水平均出现回升,两组相比差异显著(P<0.05),具有统计学意义。结论生长激素与肠内营养对食管癌患者术后7日在免疫与营养方面的作用明显优于中心静脉营养患者。     

基层妇幼保健院产后延续服务的现状与展望

目的：探讨产后延续护理服务对产妇及新生儿生活质量的影响。方法：选取本院2009年7～10月住院分娩的产妇336名,采用问卷调查的方式。结果：产妇个人护理知识和新生儿护理知识有相当一部分是来自媒体或亲友,其中不乏一些欠妥甚至是错误的观点和方法,需要产后服务的占85.5%,尤其关注的是产妇自身康复及新生儿护理方面的知识。结论：产后延续服务体现了以人为本的医疗护理理念,把家庭生活服务问题纳入产科服务,进一步提高了产后护理质量,同时有助于产妇学习育儿技能、调节自我心理,促进了产妇的康复。产后延续服务降低了新生儿的发病率,提高了产妇的自护能力。     

门诊孕妇营养知识干预效果观察

目的对门诊孕妇进行营养知识的干预,对干预效果进行观察并提出相应对策。方法随机选择该院门诊孕妇474名,分为孕期接受营养干预的253名（干预组）和孕期未接受营养干预的221名（对照组）,比较两组孕妇干预前后营养知识知晓情况的变化。结果干预前干预组孕妇的营养知识知晓率与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,干预后两组孕妇营养知识知晓率变化比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。从及格率和优秀率来看,干预组也明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论通过有针对性的面对面进行营养知识答疑咨询等方式的营养健康教育干预,孕妇对孕期营养知识的知晓程度明显提高。     

崇明县职业人群羊布鲁氏菌病流行病学调查

目的调查布鲁氏菌病在崇明县再次出现的原因及在职业人群和羊群间的感染情况,为制定科学预防控制措施提供依据。方法采用随机抽样方法,对职业人群、羊群进行布鲁氏菌病流行病学横断面调查。结果崇明县布鲁氏菌病突发病例是因为直接屠宰外来输入的感染性病羊;崇明县所调查的职业人群布鲁氏菌病感染率为1.57%;羊群中没有检测出阳性。结论杜绝外来羊未经检疫进入本县是防控布鲁氏菌病的关键,加强重点职业人群个人防护和定期健康体检是健康保证,对本地羊免疫接种和动员社会健康教育是预防控制布鲁氏菌病疫情的重要手段。     

Perceived family environments among ethnic groups of compulsive heroin users.

Predictions that both personality and environmental factors are implicated in heroin addiction were explored with personality measures operationalized by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and by family social climate measures operationalized by the Family Environment Scales (Moos et al., 1974). Hypotheses were supported. Heroin addicts differed appreciably in personality from normative data (Psychopathic deviate, the highest clinical scale; Family Problems, the highest content scale). Heroin users deviated significantly from normative samples in retrospective views of both their past and present family environments (significantly higher Achievement Orientation, Moral-Religious Emphasis, and Organization, contrasted by significantly lower Intellectual-Cultural and Active Recreational Orientations). White heroin users (n = 39) evidenced greater deviance in both personality and family environment than black heroin users (n = 63). Comparisons with Mexican-American heroin users, white polydrug users, and nondrug-abusing comparison groups indicated that, for many addicts, compulsive heroin use is associated with social nonconformity in personality that may be a reaction against family demands for achievement without sufficient modeling of instrumental role skills.     

Analysis of water-soluble vitamins in total parenteral nutrition solution by high pressure liquid chromatography

A stability-indicating high pressure liquid chromatographic method was developed to determine the stability of water-soluble vitamins in total parenteral nutrition mixtures. Folic acid and thiamine were determined by direct injection and precolumn enrichment, followed by UV detection. Nicotinamide and pyridoxine were determined simultaneously without sample pretreatment by UV detection of nicotinamide and fluorescence detection of pyridoxine. Riboflavin 5-phosphate was also determined without elaborate sample handling and by fluorescence detection. Ascorbic acid was determined as the sum of ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid. After derivatization to a quinoxaline the latter substance was determined by direct injection and fluorescence detection.     

经皮内镜下胃造口术在重症患者胃肠内营养中的应用

目的 探讨经皮内镜下胃造口术在重症患者胃肠内营养中的应用.方法 在胃镜引导下,穿刺点选择在胃体前壁,给22例重症患者行经皮穿刺胃造口术.结果 所有患者均一次置管成功.术中血压稳定,SpO2均大于97%,操作时间(15.5±2.3)min,出血量(3.8±1.9)ml.术后所有患者均未出现胃瘘、胃结肠瘘、气腹、反流误吸,吸人性肺炎等严重并发症.结论 经皮下内镜下胃造口术创小,手术时间短,安全性高,是适合重症患者建立胃肠内营养途径的手术方式.     

A comparative analysis of perceived risks and substance abuse among ethnic groups

This study examined perceived risks and prevalence of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use among ethnic groups of Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics; compared the extent to which drug use varied among different ethnic groups; explored whether or not there were any age and gender differences in drug use among the ethnic groups; and made implications of the findings. Comparative analyses were conducted by using chi2 to determine the association of independent variables (ethnicity, age, and gender) with the dependent variables (alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use) during lifetime, past year, and past month. Data were derived from the 1997 and 1996 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. Our findings indicated that there are differences in perceived risks and reported use among ethnic groups, as well as in preferences for particular drugs. Whites are the least likely to perceive risks for substance abuse, however, they have the highest prevalence of lifetime drug use of most types of drugs (with the exception of crack cocaine and heroin), as compared with Blacks and Hispanics. The examination of past month categories of drug use shows that Whites had the highest prevalence rates of alcohol and smokeless tobacco use. Hispanics were more likely to binge, and reported higher prevalence of heavy alcohol use. Blacks were more likely than Whites or Hispanics to use crack and heroin in their lifetime. Implications were made for future research and drug prevention in ethnic populations.     

影响不同年龄组人群发生冠心病相关因素的比较

目的：探讨影响不同年龄组人群发生冠心病的相关因素。方法对我院收治的800例冠心病患者,按照年龄分为≤55岁组（A组）270例、55～64岁组（B组）270例以及≥65岁组（C组）260例,对比三组发生冠心病的危险因素。结果吸烟、hs-CRP、0x-LDL等均是三组患者的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）,此外,A组独立危险因素包括男性、高甘油三酯血症。结论吸烟、hs-CRP、0x-LDL等均是不同年龄组人群发生冠心病的危险因素,但各年龄组的冠心病危险因素具有差异性。     

不同ABO血型肝病患者的免疫功能及其与预后的关系

目的探讨不同ABO血型的各型肝病患者体液和细胞免疫指标改变状况。方法应用免疫扩散和APAAP桥联酶标等方法,检测健康对照组(NC)500例、乙肝标志物阳性的各型肝炎562例,分别测定体液及细胞免疫功能。结果各肝病组与NC组相比,体液免疫指标改变明显,自ASC至PHC,IgE递增显著,IgD、IgG次之,PHC组C3、CIC明显升高,E-RFC明显降低。AB血型的肝病IgG、IgE、C3、CIC明显升高,E-RFC显著降低,AB血型的LC和PHC患者CD4 、CD4 /CD8 明显降低,与其他各血型组和NC组相比,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。在HBV感染者中,AB血型者易于发生LC和PHC,这一血型的肝病患者易出现体液免疫亢进和细胞免疫功能不足。     

肠外营养混合液渗透压对血管刺激影响的临床研究

目的:研究肠外营养混合液渗透压的降低对血管刺激的影响。方法:90例进展期胃癌根治术患者被分为3组:周围静脉给药组、中心静脉给药组,常规补液对照组;每组为30例。两给药组患者均在手术前给肠外营养混合液及肠内营养5d,术后第1天给肠外营养混合液,第3天为肠外营养混合液辅以肠内营养,第7天为肠内营养辅以肠外营养混合液,对照组患者术后1周内给予常规补液。周围静脉给药组肠外营养混合液中葡萄糖浓度控制在10%以下,氨基酸的浓度为3%(渗透压为900～950mosm/L);中心静脉给药组肠外营养混合液按照标准配方调配(渗透压为1200～1300mosm/L)。于术前1d、术后第3天、第5天分别测定各项营养指标及观察外周血管疼痛、外渗、静脉炎、浅静脉血栓等并发症的发生率。结果:术后第7天周围静脉给药组与常规补液对照组相比,血清转铁蛋白、血清白蛋白等营养指标水平增高(P<0.01),术后并发症发生率降低(P<0.05)。两用药组相比,血清转铁蛋白和白蛋白水平无统计学差异(P均>0.05)。,周围静脉给药组未见严重合并症。结论:肠外营养混合液渗透压降低可以减少对血管的刺激,有利于安全用药。