北京市社区卫生人员对大医院支援医生的服务评价

目的从社区卫生人员的角度，了解北京市大医院支援医生在社区的服务情况，评估对口支援工作的实施情况及存在问题。方法采用问卷调查和个人深入访谈相结合的方法，于2007年7月和11月分别对北京市176名和256名社区卫生人员进行问卷调查，对2名社区卫生服务中心负责人和6名社区卫生服务站站长进行个人深入访谈。结果大部分社区卫生人员希望支援医生来社区服务，近1／3的社区卫生人员对支援医生的服务满意。结论北京市对口支援政策为大部分社区卫生人员所接受，需加强支援工作的监督管理和支援医生的社区带教职责。     

北京市大医院对口支援社区卫生服务的工作现状分析

目的 了解北京市大医院对口支援社区卫生服务工作的现状.方法 收集北京市2009年18个区县社区卫生服务机构的对口支援上报数据,比较分析对口支援方式及工作内容.结果 北京市大医院对口支援社区卫生服务工作初见成效,受到社区卫生服务机构及社区居民的欢迎,但也面临着一些亟需解决的问题.结论 应进一步强化对口支援工作的管理与考核,完善相关政策和制度保障,加强大医院与社区卫生服务机构的沟通,促进对口支援工作的开展.     

北京市大医院支援医生对支援社区卫生服务的意愿调查

目的了解北京市大医院支援医生对支援社区卫生服务的意愿,评估对口支援社区卫生服务工作的实施情况及存在问题。方法采用问卷调查和个人深入访谈相结合的方法,于2008年1月对北京市118名已支援过社区的支援医生进行问卷调查,对2名大医院支援医生、2名三级医院对口支援工作负责人、2名社区卫生服务管理中心工作人员进行个人深入访谈。结果62.9％的支援医生表示愿意到社区提供出诊或其他服务,90.5％的支援医生表示愿意带教社区医生。结论支援医生对到社区提供服务还存在一定的认识阻力,相关部门需积极挖掘大医院支援社区的动力,完善利益协调和监督管理的长效机制。     

三级医院对口支援社区卫生服务的现状分析与功能定位研究

目的对北京市某三级医院对口支援社区卫生服务的模式及功能定位进行调查研究,为进一步深入有效地开展对口支援工作提供依据。方法以2010年7月—2011年6月我院参加对口支援东城区的青年湖、安德路、交东、圆恩寺四个社区卫生服务站的医生共267人为调查对象,对其基本情况及对口支援的服务方式和内容进行调查,并进行分析。结果参加对口支援社区卫生服务的医生中,正高级、副高级、中级职称医生分别占1.9%、14.2%、83.9%;内科系统医生和眼科医生分别占30.7%和24.0%;硕士以上学历的医生占89.1%。主要通过门诊、会诊、咨询、基层医生培训、慢性病和康复专家团队、健康教育、远程会诊及健康促进等模式开展对口支援社区卫生服务工作,其中支援医生全年开展的工作量中以门诊的形式居多,共计服务762人次,占对口支援居民受益人次的67.1%。结论应进一步明确支援医生的功能定位,加强对医生的培训、管理与考核,以便更好地促进对口支援社区卫生服务工作的推进。     

社区团队服务中脑卒中双向转诊模式的探索与实践

目的 探索社区团队服务中脑卒中双向转诊模式.方法 以社区脑卒中管理为突破口,积极探索北京市方庄社区卫生服务中心与市卫生局指定的对口支援医院--天坛医院之间实施脑卒中双向转诊模式.结果 社区脑卒中有效管理率达到92.7%,失访率下降了20.6%;社区居民卒中知识知晓率达到88.5%.结论 通过社区团队服务中脑卒中双向转诊模式的探索与实践,有力的提高了社区卫生服务中心的医疗质量和慢性病管理水平,提升了社区卫生服务工作的内涵.     

北京市社区卫生服务机构药品零差率销售政策实施情况的评价研究

目的了解北京市社区卫生服务机构药品零差率销售政策的实施情况及其短期效果。方法采用问卷调查方法,调查北京市城八区的社区卫生服务机构,并随机抽查前来就诊的社区居民,收集的数据采用SPSS 13.0统计软件进行统计学分析。结果 2008年社区居民的政策知晓率低于2007年,对药品价格和总体收费的满意度呈增长趋势,对政策在社区进一步实施和扩大的支持率较高,但是对政策实施现状的满意度呈下降趋势。结论随着药品零差率销售政策的开展,其预期效果正逐步体现,并为广大社区居民所接受和认可,但其实施力度仍有待于进一步加大。     

北京市社区公共卫生服务项目及考核现况的定性访谈研究

目的 了解目前北京市社区卫生服务机构开展的公共卫生服务内容及考核情况,分析存在的问题,为北京市制定及完善相关政策提供参考.方法 分别选取城区和郊区社区卫生服务相关专家进行专题小组访谈和个人深入访谈.结果 专家根据实际工作情况,对目前北京市开展的社区公共卫生服务进行了重新确定,提出了社区公共卫生服务实施和考核过程中存在的问题,并提出改善建议.结论 建议进一步明确社区卫生服务机构和人员的定位,完善社区公共卫生服务项目内容,制定北京市社区公共卫生服务的分类原则,增加政府对社区公共卫生服务购买的意识和投入以及完善社区公共卫生服务考核机制.     

医院对口支援社区卫生工作“短板”机理分析及解决办法

<正>本文通过分析了全国在医院对口支援社区卫生医疗服务中心的实践情况,认为社区患者少,导致了医院对口支援社区卫生工作实施方案的许多内容难以开展。本文应用中国科学院龚其国教授对"木桶原理"的研究成果,分析了医院对口支     

我院对口支援工作的实践与思考

为了贯彻落实卫生部《关于继续开展东西部地区省际对口支援工作的通知》(卫办医管[2012]108号)、《城乡医院对口支援工作管理办法(试行)》(卫医管发[2009]72号)等文件精神,我院执行援疆、援藏、京蒙省际对口支援、国家医疗队等任务,受援医院和北京市社区卫生服务中心达到40余家. 1我院对口支援工作实践 对口支援工作是大型公立医院,尤其是卫生部直属医院公益性的重要体现和具体实践.作为卫生部直属医院,我们承担的责任更多,目前我院承担着援疆、援藏、国家医疗队等任务,现有对口支援医院31家,对口支援北京社区卫生服务中心6家,战略合作单位4家.我们将支援工作重点放在技术支援、人才培养、规章制度建设上,按照"请上来培养、走下去支援、全方位指导、互动式交流"这个步骤逐步实行,切实帮助受援单位全面提高服务能力.同时国内一流的远程医学中心的启用,极大地提高了对口支援工作的效率和质量.2012年我院累计派出执行对口支援任务人员268人次,其中京外对口支援单位56人次,京内对口支援单位212人次[1].     

北京市社区卫生服务运行机制改革效果的定量评价

目的对2006年以来北京市社区卫生服务相关改革的效果进行定量评价,为北京市发展城市社区卫生服务提供参考借鉴。方法依据已经建立的评价指标体系,应用层次分析法对改革效果进行评价。结果北京市社区卫生服务2007年与2008年的综合评分指数分别为0．483和0．551。结论北京市社区卫生服务改革政策实施以来,2008年总的实施情况比2007年要好,改革政策的效果正在逐步显现,但在服务质量和费用控制方面有待进一步改进。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.