危急重症多学科模拟演练在助产专科培训中的应用研究

目的 探讨危急重症多学科模拟演练在助产专科培训中的应用及其效果.方法 选取2019年10月-2020年6月在我院参加产科危急重症多学科模拟培训的116名助产士为研究对象,采用助产士核心胜任力量表、一般自我效能量表和满意度调查问卷对模拟培训效果进行评价.结果 经培训后,助产士的团队能力、核心胜任力、自我效能感、理论及临床...     

产科护士母乳喂养知识水平及其影响因素的现状调查

目的调查产科护士母乳喂养知识水平,并分析其影响因素。方法采用母乳喂养知识问卷对127名产科护士进行调查。结果产科护士缺乏全面而系统的母乳喂养知识,母乳喂养知识回答平均正确率为57.31%。年龄和产科工作年限是产科护士母乳喂养知识的主要影响因素。结论应对产科护士进行针对性的母乳喂养知识培训,提高产科护士在临床工作中母乳喂养的支持力度。     

山东省ICU专科护士培训需求现状调查

目的:了解山东省ICU专科护士培训需求现状,为以后开展ICU专科护士培训及临床继续教育提供理论依据。方法:采用问卷调查法对参加山东省护理学会组织的167名ICU专科护士培训班的护士发放调查问卷。结果:本组18.6%的护士在进入本次ICU专科护士培训前未接受过相关培训,90.4%的护士认为自己现有知识储备不能满足ICU临床需要;ICU护士对急救知识、各系统及其他监护技术、医院感染预防及控制三方面的知识需求较高;不同年龄的护士对ICU专科培训的内容需求有一定的差异(P0.05)。结论:合理设置ICU专科护士培训课程体系,提供高质量、全方位的ICU专科护士培训,以满足ICU临床需要是非常必要的。     

对护士进行疼痛知识培训以提高产妇对疼痛护理满意度的调查

目的 通过对产科护士疼痛知识的培训,提高产科护士疼痛护理水平.方法 对沧州市区4所医院的112名产科护士进行疼痛知识的培训,应用＂病人对疼痛护理满意度＂问卷进行调查,对培训前后产科护士疼痛护理效果进行调查.结果 培训后产妇对疼痛护理的满意度有明显提高.结论 产科护士全方位、规范化的培训,提高产科护士的疼痛护理知识,提高产妇护理满意度.     

ICU护士专业培训需求的调查研究

[目的]了解重症监护病房护士专业培训需求,为合理设置ICU护士专科培训及继续教育课程提供参考依据.[方法]采用自设问卷法,调查北京某三级甲等医院80名重症监护病房护士的专业培训需求.[结果]ICU护士进入ICU工作前培训相对缺乏;进入ICU后培训不系统、无层次;ICU护士对综合能力的培训需求以及专业技能方面的培训需求较高;不同工作年限的ICU护士对培训需求的程度不同.[结论]高质量全方位的培训尤为重要,应尽快建立重症护理专业培训体系.     

苏州地区重症监护专科护士培训现状调查分析与对策

目的 调查、分析苏州地区重症监护专科护士的培训现状,针对存在的问题提出改进措施.方法 采用自行设计的问卷调查表,对参加3期“苏州市重症监护专科护士培训班“的103名学员进行了问卷调查.结果 苏州地区从事ICU工作的护士普遍存在低职称、低学历现象;多数缺少全面培训;护士对从事ICU专科工作的满意度较低.结论 尽快加速ICU护士的专业化培训具有积极意义,注重专科前期培训,采取多种培训方式和分层次按需培训可提高重症监护专科护士的培训效果.     

我院护士对继续教育需求的调查与分析

目的调查临床护士对继续教育需求现状。方法采用自行设计的问卷对114名临床护士进行调查。结果护士接受继续教育的主要目的是提高知识和能力、扩大视野及开拓思路。对继续教育培训内容需求最高的为专科知识技能、护理新知识新进展和危重症监护技术。护士最需要的继续教育途径是医院内培训、示教模拟训练和远程教育。结论护理管理者应合理安排继续教育培训内容、培训途径及时间,重视继续教育考核,提供继续教育支持。     

综合性医院系统培训低年资助产士的实践和体会

助产士作为产科分娩室的护理工作者,其特殊的工作性质关系着母婴生命的健康。因此,助产士不仅需掌握常规的医疗护理知识和技能,还应有扎实的专科理论基础和娴熟的临床操作技能。新毕业护士由于缺乏工作经验,业务能力相对较弱,执业过程中存在较高的风险性。为确保医疗安全及促进助产士临床操作技能的提高,我科于2006年起对低年资助产士进行系统培训,实施效果满意,现报道如下。     

情景剧在糖尿病专科护理培训中的应用效果分析

目的探讨情景剧在糖尿病专科护理培训中的应用效果。方法选取我院内科病区护士77名进行糖尿病专科护理培训,将其随机分为对照组38名和观察组39名,对照组采用传统理论授课培训法,观察组在对照组基础上观看情景剧,培训结束后采用理论考核及调查问卷方式了解培训效果。结果培训前两组护士的糖尿病专科理论考试成绩比较,差异无统计学意义P0.05);培训后观察组护士的理论成绩高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组护士对培训作用(提高护士对专科知识的掌握)、实用性的肯定率及总体满意率高于对照组护士,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论情景剧培训法在糖尿病专科护理培训中受到了护士的欢迎,有助于护士对糖尿病专科知识的理解和记忆,提高糖尿病专科护理的培训效果。     

重症监护专科护士培训的实践与效果分析

目的总结重症监护(ICU)专科护士培训班的经验,以提高ICU专科护士的培训效果。方法对来自全军的55名学员进行为期3个月的重症监护培训,自行设计调查问卷,内容包括重症监护理论知识、护理技术操作和常用仪器使用等三方面,分别在培训前后发放调查问卷,对培训效果进行总结分析。结果培训后学员在重症监护理论知识、护理技术操作和常用仪器使用熟练掌握方面均有了显著性提高(P<0.05)。结论ICU专科护士培训是提高护士整体监护技能的有效途径,科学高效的培训模式是确保ICU专科护士培训质量的有力保证。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.