广藿香非挥发性化学成分的研究

目的:研究广藿香Pogostemon cablin的非挥发性化学成分。方法:采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20等柱色谱方法进行分离纯化,并根据化合物的理化性质和波谱数据鉴定其结构。结果:从广藿香醇提物中分离得到12个化合物,分别鉴定为田蓟苷(1),香叶木素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(2),1,2-O-[2S-(3,4-二羟基苯基)-1,2-乙烷二基]-3-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基-4-O-阿魏酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3),尿嘧啶(4),大豆脑苷Ⅰ和Ⅱ(5),藿香苷(6),7-O-(3″,6″-二-反式-对-香豆酰基)-β-D-半乳糖-芹菜素苷(7),5-羟基-3,3′,4′,7-四甲氧基黄酮(8),4′,5-二羟基-3,3′,7-三甲氧基黄酮(9),金合欢素(10),1,2-O-[2S-(3,4-二羟基苯基)-1,2-乙烷二基]-3-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基-4-O-咖啡酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(11),1,2-O-[2S-(3,4-二羟基苯基)-1,2-乙烷二基]-3-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基-6-O-咖啡酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(12)。结论:化合物1,2,4~7,10为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

小蓟中黄酮类化学成分的研究

综合运用硅胶、MCI、Sephadex LH-20等柱色谱及高效液相色谱技术对小蓟的乙酸乙酯部位进行分离纯化,从中分离得到黄酮类化合物15个,分别鉴定为:4',5,6-三羟基-7-甲氧基黄酮(1),4',5-二羟基-7,8-二甲氧基黄酮(2),sorbifolin-6-O-β-glucopyranoside(3),山柰酚-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(4),山柰酚(5),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(6),myricetin(7),myricetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside(8),5,7-二羟基-3',4'-二甲氧基黄酮(9),3',4',5-三羟基-3,7-二甲氧基黄酮(10),3',3,4',5-四羟基-7-甲氧基黄酮(11),3'-羟基-4',5,7-三甲氧基黄酮(12),7-羟基-3',4',5-三甲氧基黄酮(13),4',5-二羟基-2',3',7,8-四甲氧基黄酮(14),5-羟基-2',3',7,8-四甲氧基黄酮(15)。以上所有化合物均为首次从本植物中分离得到。该实验运用PTP1B抑制剂高通量筛选模型对化合物(1~15)进行活性筛选,结果表明化合物2,12和14具有较强的PTP1B抑制活性,IC50分别为2.54,1.85,2.11μmol·L~(-1)。     

阔苞菊的化学成分研究(Ⅱ)

目的在前期研究的基础上,进一步研究阔苞菊Plucheaindica的化学成分。方法利用各种柱色谱方法进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定其结构。结果分离得到12个化合物,分别鉴定为multiflorenol(12)、8-羟基-1(10)-缬草烯-11-O-葡萄糖苷(13)、3′,4′,5,7-四羟基黄酮-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(14)、4′,5,7-三羟基黄酮-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(15)、3′,4′,5,7-四羟基黄酮-3-O-β-D-吡喃甘露糖苷(16)、(+)-表松脂醇(17)、松脂素(18)、党参苷Ⅱ(19)、4-烯丙基-2-甲氧基-6-羟基苯基葡萄糖苷(20)、咖啡酸(21)、3,4-二羟基-5-甲氧基苯甲醛(22)、5′-环-磷酸尿苷(23)。结论除化合物19外,其余化合物均为首次从该种植物中分离得到。     

桑白皮的化学成分研究(Ⅱ)

目的:研究桑白皮的化学成分.方法:采用硅胶和凝胶柱色谱分离纯化,根据理化性质和光谱数据分析鉴定化合物.结果:分离并鉴定了11个化合物,分别为:桑辛素C(moracin C,1),桑辛素M(moracin M,2),桑辛素M-3'-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(moracin M-3'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,3),桑辛素O(moracin O,4),桑皮酮S(kuwanon S,5),桑皮酮T(kuwanon T,6),5,7-二羟基色酮(5,7-dihydroxychromone,7),5,7,2'-三羟基二氢黄酮-4'-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5,7,2'-trihydroxyflawone4,-O-β-D-glucoside,steppogenin-4'-O-β-D-glucoside,8),7-羟基香豆素(7-hydroxycoumarin,9),5,7-二羟基香豆素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5,7-dihydro-xycoumarin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,10),桑叶苷C(mullberroside C,11).结论:其中化合物8为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物2,4,6为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

蒙药多叶棘豆化学成分的研究

目的研究蒙药多叶棘豆Oxytropis myriophy全草的化学成分。方法采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱和薄层色谱等方法分离纯化,根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定其结构。结果从多叶棘豆全草氯仿和醋酸乙酯萃取物分离得到11个化合物,分别鉴定为5-羟基-7,4′-二甲氧基黄酮(1)、4-羟基苯乙酮(2)、5,4′-二羟基-7,3′-二甲氧基黄酮(3)、5,7-二羟基-6,4′-二甲氧基黄酮(4)、异鼠李素(5)、山柰酚(6)、苯乙酮-4-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7)、2-羟基-6-甲氧基苯乙酮-4-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(8)、6-甲氧基香豆素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(9)、异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(10)、山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(11)。结论 11个化合物均首次从该植物中分离得到,其中化合物1、7、8为首次从棘豆属植物中分离得到。     

旋蒴苣苔的化学成分(英文)

目的:研究旋蒴苣苔全草(Boea hygrometrica(Bunge.)R.Br.)的化学成分。方法:利用Diaion HP-20,Toyopearl HW-40,硅胶等柱色谱技术进行分离纯化,根据化合物的光谱数据和理化性质鉴定结构。结果:分离并鉴定了7个化合物的结构,即5,7,3',4'-四羟基-6-甲氧基-8-C-[β-D-木糖-(1→2)]-β-D-葡萄糖黄酮碳苷(1),对羟基苯乙醇(2),3,4-二羟基苯乙醇(3),罗布麻宁(4),阿魏酸(5),1′-O-β-D-(3,4-二羟基苯乙基)-6′-O-咖啡酰基-β-D-芹菜糖(1→3′)-葡萄糖苷(6),龙胆酸(7)。结论:化合物1为新化合物,化合物2-7为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

臭灵丹化学成分的研究

目的:研究臭灵丹的化学成分。方法:采用硅胶、ODS和Sephadex LH-20等色谱手段分离臭灵丹乙醇提取物的化学成分;根据化学反应和波谱数据鉴定所得化合物结构。结果:从中分离得到19个化合物,分别鉴定为臭灵丹二醇(1),冬青酸(2),洋艾素(3),金腰素乙(4),3,5-二羟基-6,7,3′,4′-四甲氧基黄酮(5),猫眼草酚(6),5,6,4′-三羟基-3,7-二甲氧基黄酮(7),槲皮素(8),柽柳素(9),万寿菊素(10),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-半乳吡喃糖苷(11),万寿菊素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(12),槲皮素-3-O-(6-p-香豆酰基)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(13),4′,5,7-三羟基-6-甲氧基黄酮-3-O-β-D-芸香糖苷(14),山柰酚-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(15)、豆甾醇(16)、豆甾醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(17)、邻羟基苯甲酸(18)、β-谷甾醇(19)。结论:化合物5,7,9~15,17~18为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物7的13C-NMR数据由本文首次报道。     

东北岩高兰醋酸乙酯萃取物化学成分研究

目的研究东北岩高兰Empetrum nigrum var. japonicum的化学成分。方法采用溶剂萃取、硅胶柱色谱、高效液相色谱等方法进行分离纯化,通过理化性质及波谱数据分析鉴定结构。结果从东北岩高兰醋酸乙酯萃取物中分离得到22个化合物,分别鉴定为3,4-二羟基苯甲酸(1)、3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯甲酸(2)、3,4-二羟基苯甲酸甲酯(3)、二氢松柏醇(4)、(6S,9R)-6,9-二羟基-3-酮-α-紫罗兰醇(5)、(6R,9R)-9-羟基-3-酮-α-紫罗兰醇(6)、苯丙酸(7)、槲皮素3-O-(6″-苯甲酰)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(8)、胡萝卜苷(9)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(10)、苯丙醇-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(11)、山楂酸(12)、芦丁(13)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(14)、苯甲醇-O-(6-O-α-L-呋喃阿拉伯糖基)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(15)、肉桂醇-O-(6-O-α-L-呋喃阿拉伯糖基)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(16)、槲皮素-3-O-(2-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(17)、山柰酚-3-O-(2-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(18)、2α,3β-二羟基-12-烯-28-乌苏酸(19)、foliachinenoside A_2(20)、山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷(21)、异鼠李素-3-O-芸香糖苷(22)。结论化合物1～6、8、11～13、15～22为首次从东北岩高兰中分离得到。     

荚果蕨贯众化学成分Ⅳ

目的:对荚果蕨贯众的化学成分进行研究。方法:用色谱法分离化合物,根据理化性质和光谱鉴定结构。结果:分离鉴定了6个化合物:5,7-二羟基-6-甲基-4’-甲氧基二氢黄酮(1),甲氧基荚果蕨辛(2),thunberginol C(3),去甲氧基荚果蕨素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(4),荚果蕨素7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(5),gaylussacin(6)。结论:所有化合物均为首次从荚果蕨植物中分离得到,其中化合物1,4为新的天然产物。     

桂花的化学成分研究

采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20等多种材料进行分离纯化,通过理化方法和波谱分析进行结构鉴定,从桂花醇提溶液的乙酸乙酯萃取部分,分离并鉴定了32个化合物,分别为boschniakinic acid(1),ursolaldehyde(2),augustic acid(3),2α,3β,23-三羟基齐墩果-12-烯-28酸(4),5-羟甲基-2-呋喃甲醛(5),异高山黄芩(6),6,7-二羟基香豆素(7),2α-羟基齐墩果酸(8),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(9),D-阿洛醇(10),5,4’-二羟基-7-甲氧基黄酮-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(11),5,7-二羟基色原酮(12),羽扇豆醇(13),柚皮素(14),乙酰氧基齐墩果酸(15),绿原酸(16),山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(17),齐墩果酸(18),山柰酚-3-O-β-D-半乳糖苷(19),3’,7-二羟基-4’-甲氧基异黄酮(20),麦角甾-4,6,8(14),22-四烯-3-酮(21),对羟基桂皮酸(22),丁香脂素(23),3,4-二羟基苯乙酮(24),β-谷甾醇(25),对羟基苯乙酸乙酯(26),苯甲酸(27),咖啡酸(28),贝母兰宁(29),对羟基苯乙酸(30),对羟基苯乙酮(31),对羟基苯乙酸甲酯(32)。其中,除化合物2,4~5,8~11,13,15,18,20,25,27外,其余化合物在桂花中均为首次分离。     

Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six Dorper × Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg body weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3 lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks.

Results

Levamisole treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%. Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts, though numerical (P > 0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions

Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.     

Investigation of plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts

Aim of the study

To investigate the activities of the 217 plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts.

Materials and methods

Plant extracts were prepared by the method of maceration using solvents of different polarities. The growth inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain (FcB1) was determined by measuring the radioactivity of the tritiated hypoxanthine incorporated. Activity against Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay. The antifungal tests were carried out by using the CLSI method. The active extracts were tested also by cytotoxicity assay using NIH-3T3 cells of mammalian fibroblasts.

Results

Two hundred and seventeen extracts of plants were tested against Plasmodium falciparum. The eleven active extracts, belonging to eight plant species were evaluated against L. (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, yeasts and in NIH-3T3 cells. The results found in these biological models are consistent with the ethnopharmacological data of these plants. The ethyl acetate extract of Diospyros hispida root showed IC₅₀ values of 1 μg/mL against Plasmodium falciparum. This extract demonstrated no toxicity against mammalian cells, resulting in a significant selectivity index (SI) of 435.8. The dichloromethane extract of Calophyllum brasiliense root wood was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 1.95 μg/mL; and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida krusei LMGO 174, both with MIC of 7.81 μg/mL. The same extract was also active against Plasmodium falciparum and L. (L.) chagasi with IC₅₀ of 6.7 and 27.6 μg/mL respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Spiranthera odoratissima leaves was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 31.25 μg/mL, and against Plasmodium falciparum with IC₅₀ of 9.2 μg/mL and Trypanosoma cruzi with IC₅₀ of 56.3 μg/mL.

Conclusion

The active extracts for protozoans and human pathogenic yeasts are considered promising to continue the search for the identification and development of leading compounds.     

真菌的中药干预研究近5年进展

近年来真菌感染率逐年上升,传统抗真菌药物易产生耐药性,而中药在防治真菌感染方面具有一定的优势。本文就近5年来中药对白念珠菌、皮肤癣菌、曲霉菌、马拉色菌、串珠镰孢菌、申克孢子丝菌、新生隐球菌及真菌生物膜的干预研究进展进行综述。     

α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of selected Philippine plants

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Antidesma bunius Spreng. (Phyllantaceae), Averrhoa bilimbi L. (Oxalidaceae), Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. (Oxalidaceae), Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Rob. (Rhizophoraceae), Kyllinga monocephala Rottb. (Cyperaceae), and Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (Rhizophoraceae) are used as remedies to control diabetes. In the present study, these plants were screened for their potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Materials and methods

The 80% aqueous ethanolic extracts were screened for their α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity using yeast alpha glucosidase enzyme.

Results

Except for A. bilimbi with IC₅₀ at 519.86±3.07, all manifested a significant enzyme inhibitory activity. R. mucronata manifested the highest activity with IC₅₀ at 0.08±1.82 μg mL⁻¹, followed by C. tagal with IC₅₀ at 0.85±1.46 μg mL⁻¹ and B. sensitivum with IC₅₀ at 2.24±1.58 μg mL⁻¹.

Conclusion

This is the first report on the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of the six Philippine plants; thus, partly defining the mechanism on why these medicinal plants possess antidiabetic properties.     

European medicinal polypores – A modern view on traditional uses

Ethnopharmacological relevance

In particular five polypore species, i.e. Laetiporus sulphureus, Fomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis pinicola, Piptoporus betulinus, and Laricifomes officinalis, have been widely used in central European folk medicines for the treatment of various diseases, e.g. dysmenorrhoea, haemorrhoids, bladder disorders, pyretic diseases, treatment of coughs, cancer, and rheumatism. Prehistoric artefacts going back to over 5000 years underline the long tradition of using polypores for various applications ranging from food or tinder material to medicinal–spiritual uses as witnessed by two polypore species found among items of Ötzi, the Iceman. The present paper reviews the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activity of the five mentioned polypores.

Materials and methods

All available information on the selected polypore taxa used in traditional folk medicine was collected through evaluation of literature in libraries and searches in online databases using SciFinder and Web of Knowledge.

Results

Mycochemical studies report the presence of many primary (e.g. polysaccharides) and secondary metabolites (e.g. triterpenes). Crude extracts and isolated compounds show a wide spectrum of biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities.

Conclusions

The investigated polypores possess a longstanding ethnomycological tradition in Europe. Here, we compile biological results which highlight their therapeutic value. Moreover, this work provides a solid base for further investigations on a molecular level, both compound- and target-wise.     

厚朴与凹叶厚朴群体遗传学研究

目的:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴的群体遗传学进行研究,为中药厚朴的质量控制提供分子生药学方面的依据。方法:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴15个居群应用2个叶绿体基因间序列psbA-trnH和trnL-trnF进行PCR扩增并测序,计算厚朴与凹叶厚朴单倍型频率,用程序HaploNst分析遗传多样性和遗传结构,应用TCS version 1.13软件构建单倍型网状进化树。结果:厚朴与凹叶厚朴均无特有单倍型存在,但单倍型频率存在显著差异,已开始出现遗传分化的趋势,NST略大于GST。结论:厚朴与凹叶厚朴在遗传上已出现遗传分化的趋势,但尚未完全分化成彼此独立的单系。     

Screening of the topical anti-inflammatory activity of the bark of Acacia cornigera Willdenow, Byrsonima crassifolia Kunth, Sweetia panamensis Yakovlev and the leaves of Sphagneticola trilobata Hitchcock

Ethnopharmacological relevance

An investigation of topical anti-inflammatory activity was undertaken on plants used in Central America traditional medicine.

Aim of study

Four herbal drugs used in the folk medicine of Central America to treat inflammatory skin affections (Acacia cornigera bark, Byrsonima crassifolia bark, Sphagneticola trilobata leaves and Sweetia panamensis bark) were evaluated for their topical anti-inflammatory activity.

Materials and methods

Petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts were obtained for herbal medicines and then extracts were tested on Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis model in mice.

Results

Almost all the extracts reduced the Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis in mice and the chloroform ones showed the highest activity, with ID₅₀ (dose giving 50% oedema inhibition) values ranging from 112 μg/cm² (Byrsonima crassifolia) to 183 μg/cm² (Sphagneticola trilobata). As reference, ID₅₀ of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin was 93 μg/cm².

Conclusions

Lipophilic extracts from these species can be regarded as potential sources of anti-inflammatory principles.     

Antiplasmodial activity of extracts from seven medicinal plants used in malaria treatment in Cameroon

Aim of the study

In a search for new plant-derived biologically active compounds against malaria parasites, we have carried out an ethnopharmacological study to evaluate the susceptibility of cultured Plasmodium falciparum to extracts and fractions from seven Cameroonian medicinal plants used in malaria treatment. We have also explored the inhibition of the Plasmodium falciparum cysteine protease Falcipain-2.

Materials and methods

Plant materials were extracted by maceration in organic solvents, and subsequently partitioned or fractionated to afford test fractions. The susceptibility of erythrocytes and the W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum to plant extracts was evaluated in culture. In addition, the ability of annonaceous extracts to inhibit recombinant cysteine protease Falcipain-2 was also assessed.

Results and discussion

The extracts showed no toxicity against erythrocytes. The majority of plant extracts were highly active against Plasmodium falciparumin vitro, with IC₅₀ values lower than 5 μg/ml. Annonaceous extracts (acetogenin-rich fractions and interface precipitates) exhibited the highest potency. Some of these extracts exhibited modest inhibition of Falcipain-2.

Conclusion

These results support continued investigation of components of traditional medicines as potential new antimalarial agents.     

中国石斛属植物文献计量研究

石斛是珍稀濒危中药材,目前正处于快速发展阶段。为全面了解我国石斛属植物研究的历史和发展现状,作者以1954～2010年"中国知网中国学术期刊网络出版总库"收录的石斛研究文献为依据,采用文献计量学的原理和方法,对我国石斛属植物研究文献从文献年代分布、期刊分布与被引频率、主题分布、研究对象分布、作者与研究机构分布等方面进行了统计与分析。结果表明,我国石斛研究明显分为起步(2个)、停滞、平稳发展、快速上升5个阶段;期刊分布存在离散性与集中性并存的现象,已形成核心期刊研究群,并以《中国中药杂志》、《中草药》和《陕西中医》为代表;研究主题广泛涉及临床与药理、组织培养与种苗繁育、成分分析等多个领域,已经形成比较稳定的研究机构和团队,但研究对象差异显著,以铁皮石斛、金钗石斛和霍山石斛最为集中。我国石斛属植物的研究已取得显著成果,但种植产业发展缓慢,供需矛盾突出,预计种苗繁育与人工种植、产品开发、化学与药理等方面是未来的研究热点,其文献报道仍将进一步上升。     

列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属植物传统药物学调查

通过野外资源调查、整理各大标本馆标本原始记录和查阅文献记载等方法,系统整理、总结、归纳了列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属民族药用植物种类、功效及民间使用情况,结果表明列当属6种药用植物在4个少数民族间作为7种民族药应用,草苁蓉属2种药用植物在8个少数民族间作为10种民族药应用,肉苁蓉属2种药用植物在3个少数民族间作为3种民族药应用,且同种药用植物常作不同民族药;发现3属植物的传统疗效主要集中在补肾壮阳、止血和止痛3个方面,并且该传统疗效与现代药理研究结果基本吻合。因此深入研究植物种类丰富的列当属植物资源对缓解肉苁蓉植物资源匮乏局面和扩大药源具有积极意义。