Contribution of the antilipid peroxidative action of Dai-saiko-to extract to its preventive effect on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in rats

Post-oral administration of Dai-saiko-to extract (TJ-8), a traditional herbal medicine, ameliorated acute liver injury in rats intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄). This TJ-8 administration inhibited an increase in lipid peroxide contents in the liver homogenate and microsomal fraction and a decrease in glucose-6-phosphatase activity in the liver microsomal fraction, an index of lipid peroxidation-mediated damage in liver microsomes, during the progression and recovery of the liver injury. These results indicate that the antilipid peroxidative action of TJ-8 contributes to its preventive effect on CCl₄-induced acute liver injury in rats. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

虫草多糖对二甲基亚硝胺诱导的肝纤维化大鼠脂质过氧化及肝细胞再生的影响

目的:观察虫草多糖对二甲基亚硝胺(DMN)诱导的大鼠肝纤维化的药理作用.方法:采用DMN大鼠肝纤维化模型,分为正常组(N,n=6)、模型组(M,n=11)、虫草多糖组(C,n=8)、秋水仙碱组(Q,n=9).造模4周,虫草多糖(60 mg·kg-1)和秋水仙碱(0.1 mg·kg-1)灌胃给药3周,模型与正常组国时给予等量灭菌水.观察血清ALT,AST,GGT活性及Alb,TBil含量;肝组织羟脯氨酸(Hyp)含量;肝脏病理及胶原染色;肝组织SOD活性及MDA,GSH,GSH-Px含量;肝脏组织增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)蛋白表达.结果:模型组血清ALT,AST,GGT,TBil显著升高,Alb显著降低,虫草多糖组血清AST,TBil显著降低,Alb显著升高;模型组肝组织Hyp显著升高,虫草多糖、秋水仙碱组则显著降低;HE染色:模型组正常肝小叶结构破坏,肝细胞水肿,汇管区结缔组织增生,虫草多糖及秋水仙碱组上述病理变化显著减轻.胶原染色:模型组肝小叶纤维间隔形成,见较多完整假小叶;虫草多糖、秋水仙碱组胶原沉积减少.模型组肝组织SOD,GSH-Px,GSH显著降低,MDA显著增高,虫草多糖及秋水仙碱组GSH,GSH-Px活性显著增高.模型组肝组织PCNA蛋白表达显著升高,虫草多糖及秋水仙碱组则显著降低.结论:虫草多糖可显著抑制DMN诱导的大鼠肝纤维化及脂质过氧化损伤.     

Studies on capsaicin inhibition of chemically induced lipid peroxidation in the lung and liver tissues of rat

Previous work from this laboratory has already indicated that capsaicin, stabilizes the rat lung membrane lipid system on long-term treatment. This stabilization of the membrane is further supported by our present findings that capsaicin pretreatment causes significant inhibition of various chemically induced lipid peroxidative changes at both cellular and subcellular levels. Both in vivo and in vitro studies, using whole lung and liver tissue slices and mitochondrial and microsomal fractions, have shown that capsaicin pretreatment inhibits peroxidative changes at both cellular and subcellular levels. Both in vivo and in vitro studies, using whole lung and liver tissue slices and mitochondrial and microsomal fractions, have shown that capsaicin pretreatment inhibits peroxidative changes induced by different chemical irritants such as chloroform, dichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride as well as ferrous sulphate.     

不同茶叶及茶多酚对高脂饲料致大鼠脂肪肝的影响

目的:考察不同产地绿茶、红茶以及绿茶多酚对高脂饲料致大鼠脂肪肝的影响.方法:大鼠喂饲高脂饲料制备大鼠脂肪肝模型,喂饲含不同茶叶或茶多酚的高脂饲料,观察体重变化、睾丸脂肪垫重量、血清TG和TC、肝脏脂肪性变、肝匀浆甘油三酯和胆固醇含量.结果:各受试物组睾丸脂肪垫重量均较模型对照组减轻,云南绿茶组和四川绿茶组肝匀浆甘油三酯和胆固醇均明显低于模型对照;茶多酚组肝匀浆甘油三酯也明显低于模型对照组,但高于云南绿茶组和四川绿茶,茶多酚组肝匀浆胆固醇低于模型对照组,但明显高于云南绿茶组和四川绿茶组;云南红茶组肝匀浆甘油三酯和胆固醇与模型对照组相当.结论:云南绿茶和四川绿茶均对高脂饲料致大鼠脂肪肝的形成有明显抑制作用;茶多酚也有一定作用;但云南红茶作用不明显.     

普洱茶、红茶、绿茶中真菌毒素的检测

检测茶叶中黄曲霉毒素(B_1,B_2,G_1和G_2)、伏马霉素(FB_1,FB_2,FB_3)和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇,明确茶叶中的真菌毒素含量范围并为茶叶监管提供依据。采用有机溶剂(0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液)以及80℃热水2种方法提取茶叶中的真菌毒素,利用超高效液相色谱串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)法进行分析测定。黄曲霉毒素B1,G1的线性范围为39.1~5 000 ng·L~(-1),黄曲霉毒素B2,G2的线性范围为117~15 000 ng·L~(-1);伏马霉素(FB1,FB2,FB3)的线性范围为2.44~313 ng·L~(-1);脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的线性范围为3 125~5 000 ng·L~(-1)。所得8种真菌毒素的回归方程均有良好的线性关系(r≥0.999 0),回收率为85.7%~99.6%,相对标准偏差10%。对20种国际市售茶叶中的8种真菌毒素进行测定,结果显示采用有机溶剂提取法,包括普洱茶、红茶、绿茶在内的多种茶叶产品都不同程度含有微量的真菌毒素,其中黄曲霉毒素B2在6种茶叶产品中被检测到,黄曲霉毒素G_1在3种茶叶中被检测到,伏马霉素FB_1在2种茶叶中被检测到,伏马霉素FB2在一种茶叶中被检测到。而采用热水提取方法,只有一种茶叶产品的茶汤中检测到微量的伏马霉素B_1,B_2,其他各种茶叶的茶汤中均未检出毒素。以上2种方法检出的真菌毒素含量在0.15~7.31μg·kg~(-1),均未超过国际食品安全规定的真菌毒素限量。80℃热水提取模拟实际的饮茶方法,更能准确地检测茶叶中进入茶汤的真菌毒素,适用于茶叶(采用热水冲泡的)饮用产品,而有机溶剂萃取法适用于食用产品中霉菌毒素绝对含量的检测。     

茶色素对高血压性脑梗死血脂及血内皮素一氧化氮的影响

目的 :探讨茶色素对高血压性脑梗死患者血脂和血内皮素、一氧化氮的作用。方法 :对 2 1例高血压性脑梗死患者服用茶色素前后血脂、内皮素、一氧化氮变化进行比较和观察。结果 :茶色素服用 2周后血甘油三酯 (TG)、血总胆固醇(TC2 )、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL-C)有明显下降 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL-C)明显上上移 ,血内皮素显著下移 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,一氧化氮显著上升 (P<0 .0 1)。结论 :由此显示茶色素对高血压脑血栓患者的血脂水平有明显改善作用 ,而且有良好的血管内皮保护功能。     

Acute and subchronic oral toxicities of Pu-erh black tea extract in Sprague-Dawley rats

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Pu-erh black tea, which is obtained by first parching crude green tea leaves and then undergoes secondary fermentation with microorganisms, has been believed to be beneficial beverages for health for nearly 2000 years in China, Japan and Taiwan area. But its potential toxicity when administered at a high dose as concentrated extracts has not been completely investigated.

The aim of the study

The present study was aimed at evaluating potential toxicity of Pu-erh black tea extracts (BTE) from acute and sub-chronic administration to male and female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.

Materials and methods

A single BTE dose of 10,000 mg/kg of body weight was administered by oral gavage for acute toxicity in SD rats. Four groups (10 males and 10 females per group) of dose levels of 1250, 2500, and 5000 mg/kg/day of the test article, as well as controls (distilled water) were tested as the subchronic toxicity study.

Results

No deaths and signs of toxicity occurred during the 14 days of the study. There were no test article related mortalities, body weight gain, feed consumption, clinical observation, organ weight changes, gross finding, clinical or histopathological alterations during the 91-day administration.

Conclusions

The LD₅₀ of BTE can be defined as more than 10,000 mg/kg, and a dose of 5000 mg/kg/day was identified as the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) in this study.     

Effect of grape seed extract on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant activity and peripheral blood lymphocytes in rats exposed to x-radiation

The present studies were designed to evaluate supplemental grape seed extract (GSE) and vitamin E supplements on lipid peroxidation, on antioxidant systems and peripheral blood lymphocytes in rats exposed to x-rays. Three groups of rats were investigated: a control group (CG) received intraperitoneal (i.p.) physiological serum 1 mL/day (n=10), i.p.; a vitamin E group (VG) received 50 mg/kg/day (n=10); an i.p. grape seed extract group received 50 mg/kg/day (n=10). Four weeks later, a 6 Gy radiation dose was given to the rats. Blood samples were taken 24 h later after irradiation and lymphocyte, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), nitrate, nitrite, reduced ascorbic acid, retinol, beta-carotene and ceruloplasmin concentrations were analysed. The levels of GSH (p<0.05), retinol (p<0.001), beta-carotene (p<0.05) and ceruloplasmin concentration (p<0.001) in the GSE group were found to be higher than in the control group but the level of MDA (p<0.001) and nitrite concentration (p<0.05) in rats supplemented with GSE were found to be lower than in the control group. The results indicate that GSE enhanced the antioxidant status and decreased the incidence of free radical-induced lipid peroxidation in blood samples of rats exposed to x-radiation. The antioxidant effect of GSE given to animals was more effective than vitamin E administered before whole-body irradiation in rats.     

Flavonoid treatment reduces glycation and lipid peroxidation in experimental diabetic rats

It has been reported that flavonoids in vitro have the capacity to inhibit aldose reductase. The aim of this study was to evaluate this property in vivo. We chose diosmin, a freely available and inexpensive flavonoid without major side effects. Streptozotocin diabetic rats were treated for a period of 8 months with diosmin, mixed with their food. Sorbitol accumulation was measured in erythrocytes and in eye lenses. In these tissues diosmin did not appear to inhibit aldose reductase. However, diosmin-treated animals maintained a greater body weight than the untreated group. Although the glycaemic values were the same, and the insulinaemias even lower in the diosmin group, glycated haemoglobin was significantly decreased compared with the untreated animals. Skin collagen fluorescence, an index of collagen glycation, was also significantly decreased in the treated animals. Malondialdehyde, a stable end product of lipid peroxidation, was decreased in the treated animals. Diosmin was well tolerated by the animals. In conclusion, diosmin is a safe and inexpensive product. It cannot inhibit aldose reductase activity in vivo but diosmin causes a significant reduction of the glycation of proteins in diabetic animals. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation is also observed but it is not clear whether or not this phenomenon is a direct consequence of the decreased glycation.     

Effect of fenugreek seeds on blood lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in diabetic rats

The effect of fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum graecum) on blood lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in alloxan diabetic rats was studied. Increased lipid peroxidation and alterations in circulating antioxidants were observed in the diabetic state. The levels of glutathione, ascorbic acid and β‐carotene in blood were significantly lowered and α‐tocopherol content was increased. Supplementation of fenugreek seeds in the diet lowered lipid peroxidation. The contents of glutathione and β‐carotene were increased and the α‐tocopherol content was lowered. The level of ascorbic acid was unaltered. The level of antioxidants were higher in normal rats which were fed with the fenugreek supplemented diet compared with control animals which were fed commercial rat chow. The study shows that disrupted free radical metabolism in diabetic animals may be normalized by fenugreek seed supplementation in the diet.­Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

姜黄素对糖尿病大鼠血抗氧化酶和丙二醛含量的影响

目的:观察姜黄素对糖尿病大鼠血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响.方法:链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导糖尿病大鼠模型,治疗组灌胃给予姜黄素200mg/kg,为期8周.采血检测血清SOD和CAT活性及MDA含量.结果:糖尿病组大鼠血清SOD和CAT活性显著降低,MDA含量明显增加(均 P<0.01).姜黄素治疗组血清SOD和CAT活性明显高于糖尿病组,MDA含量明显低于糖尿病组.结论:姜黄素能有效改善糖尿病大鼠血清抗氧化酶活性,降低MDA水平.     

温胆汤对代谢相关脂肪性肝病小鼠脂质代谢的影响

[目的] 探讨温胆汤对代谢相关脂肪性肝病（MAFLD）模型小鼠药物干预的作用及潜在的分子机制。[方法] 将44只C57BL/6J雄性无菌小鼠适应性饲养1周后随机分为6组,分别为空白组、模型组、温胆汤低剂量组（低剂量组）、温胆汤中剂量组（中剂量组）、温胆汤高剂量组（高剂量组）、吡咯列酮治疗组（吡咯列酮组）;实验小鼠给予高脂饲料进行MAFLD造模,每天分别灌胃给予低、中、高剂量组（1.3,2.6和5.2 g/kg）,吡格列酮组每天给予2.6 mg/kg。各干预治疗组小鼠均灌胃给药处理6周,每日1次。实验第14周末处死小鼠,比较6组小鼠肝指数、肝组织病理变化及脂肪含量,血清转氨酶、肝脏脂肪水平以及肝组织的氧化损伤指标丙二醛（MDA）,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）水平和脂质代谢重要基因和蛋白,固醇调节元件结合蛋白-1c（SREBP-1c）、脂肪酸合成酶（FAS）、二酰基甘油酰基转移酶2（DGAT-2）、硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶1（SCD-1）、脂酰辅酶A氧化酶（ACO）的表达水平。[结果] 模型组与空白组比较,小鼠的整体状态差,肝脏组织大面积脂肪变性及脂质浸润,血清转氨酶、肝脏脂肪水平明显升高,证实了高脂饲料饮食喂养8周成功构建了小鼠MAFLD模型;各药物干预治疗组小鼠肝指数、肝脏病理变化和肝脏脂肪水平,血清转氨酶、脂质过氧化水平和脂质代谢重要基因和蛋白表达均较模型组显著降低,其中,高剂量组和吡咯列酮组下降最为明显,各组结果比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。[结论] 不同剂量温胆汤均能明显改善MAFLD小鼠肝脏脂质沉积、肝功能,降低肝指数,可能与调节脂质代谢,降低肝组织中脂质过氧化水平和脂质代谢重要基因的表达有关。     

Effect of alcohol extract of Annona muricata on cold immobilization stress induced tissue lipid peroxidation

Administration of an ethanol extract of the stem bark of Annona muricata significantly inhibited cold immobilization stress-induced increase in lipid peroxidation in the liver and brain of albino rats. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

红毛五加多糖对四氧化碳肝损伤保护作用机理探讨

目的：研究红毛五加多糖（AGP）对四氯化碳（CCl4)肝损伤保护作用机理。方法：采用大鼠CCl4肝损伤模型进行实验。结果：AGP能明显降低CCl4肝损伤大鼠的肝MDA，提高肝GSH和细胞色素P－450含量及GSH－Px活性。结论：AGP对CCl4引起的急性肝损伤保护作用机制可能与其清除自由基，抑制脂质过氧化及诱导肝药酶有关。     

Yellow tea is more potent than other types of tea in suppressing liver toxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats

The present study compared the effects of six Chinese teas categorized by their production process: green, white, yellow, oolong, black and pu-erh teas, on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury. Wistar rats were given ad libitum the Chinese teas prepared according to the home-style methods for 1 week, and then intraperitoneally injected with CCl4 (1 mg/kg body weight) or olive oil as a vehicle. The yellow tea significantly ameliorated the increase in the activity of the alanine- and aspartate-aminotransferases in plasma. Thus, the drinking of yellow tea may contribute to protection against liver injury.     

姜黄素抗大鼠肝星状细胞氧应激脂质过氧化作用的研究

目的:探讨姜黄素(Curcumin,Cur)对大鼠肝星状细胞(hepatic stellate cells,HSC)氧应激所致脂质过氧化的作用.方法:HSC与FeNTA共同培养产生氧应激.以MTT法检测姜黄素对HSC增殖的效应,LDH法检测姜黄素对HSC的毒性作用,以ELISA法测定细胞培养液中Ⅰ型胶原的水平,以试剂盒分别测定细胞培养液中MDA、GSH、GSH-PX、SOD水平.结果:HSC与FeNTA共同培养,细胞内MDA、GSH水平明显升高,GSH-PX、SOD活力明显降低.FeNTA与HSC共同培养,能明显促进HSC增殖和提高细胞培养上清中Ⅰ型胶原的水平.姜黄素可以逆转上述所有FeNTA所致效应.结论:姜黄素抗肝纤维化作用可能与其抗脂质过氧化作用有关.     

Protective effect of Sargassum polycystum (brown alga) against acetaminophen-induced lipid peroxidation in rats

Lipid peroxidation is believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of several diseases, such as cancer, diabetic mellitus and liver injury. Aqueous and ethanol extracts of Sargassum polycystum C. Agardh (Phaeophyta) were screened for their protective effects against acetaminophen (ACP; Paracetamol)-induced lipid peroxidation in rats. A single dose of acetaminophen significantly elevated the levels of lipid peroxides (LPO) with decreased levels of free radical scavenger enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH, GPx, GST) in liver homogenate. The oral pretreatment of rats with ethanol and aqueous extracts of Sargassum polycystum C. Agardh (100 mg, 200 mg[sol ]kg body wt[sol ]day respectively, for a period of 15 days) significantly reduced the acetaminophen-induced oxidative stress in rats. The animals treated with the ethanol and aqueous extracts alone did not show any toxicity on liver tissue. This observation shows that the seaweed crude extracts probably acted to protect against acetaminophen-induced lipid peroxidation through their free radical scavenging property.     

柳茶对CCl4肝损伤的保护作用及机理初探

柳茶能显著防止ＣＣｌ_４中毒小鼠鼠ＳＧＰＴ，ＳＧＯＴ升高；降低肝ＭＤＡ；提高肝、血ＧＳＨ含量和ＧＳＨ－ｐｘ活性。柳茶能诱导肝微粒体蛋白及细胞色素Ｐ－４５０的合成。表明柳茶的保肝作用可能与其清除自由基、抑制脂质过氧化有关。     

Hepatoprotective effects of propolis extract on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats

The effects of an ethanolic extract of Cuban red propolis were examined using the model of acute hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCL₄) in rats. Propolis extract at doses of 5, 10 and 25 mg/kg i.p. decreased significantly the activity of alanine aminotransferase and the concentration of malondialdehyde in rat serum as well as the concentration of triglycerides in liver which were increased in CCI₄-treated animals. An ethanol extract of red propolis also reduced liver damage induced by CCI₄ in rats. This effect was observed by electron microscopy. According to our results it is concluded that ethanolic extract of red propolis exerts hepatoprotective effects in this experimental model which are probably caused by antioxidative properties (e.g. scavenging action against oxygen radicals) of this extract.     

Antiperoxidative effect of Livex,a herbal formulation against erythromycin estolate induced lipid peroxidation in rats

The present study was carried out to investigate the antiperoxidative effect of Livex, a compound herbal formulation, against erythromycin estolate induced lipid peroxidation. The oral administration of Livex to rats along with erythromycin estolate caused a significant reversal in lipid peroxidation, enzymatic leakage and produced enhancement of cellular antioxidant defence, revealing that the antioxidative action of Livex is responsible for its protective activity. These observations were supplemented by histopathological examination of liver and kidney sections. The results of this study revealed that Livex could afford significant protection against erythromycin estolate induced lipid peroxidation. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.