抑郁症患者家庭功能调查

目的:探讨抑郁症患者的家庭功能及其相关因素。方法:选择94例抑郁症患者,应用中文版家庭亲密度与适应性量表第2版(FACESⅡCV),从亲密度和适应性2个维度评定抑郁症患者的家庭功能,并应用多元回归分析其相关因素。结果:与正常对照组相比,治疗前家庭亲密度与适应性显著较差,治疗后有显著改善。其相关因素有性别、文化程度、成长地、病程及是否首发等。结论:抑郁症患者的家庭亲密度与适应性存在缺陷。     

惊恐障碍患者自我功能、家庭功能及社会支持的相关分析

目的探讨惊恐障碍患者的自我功能、家庭功能、社会支持及其相互关系。方法采用自我和谐量表（SCCS）、家庭亲密度和适应性量表中文版（FACESⅡ-CV）、领悟社会支持量表（PSSS）,对20例惊恐障碍患者进行测评,并与正常对照组20例进行比较。结果研究组自我和谐总分、自我与经验的不和谐因子分显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）;研究组实际家庭亲密度与实际家庭适应性显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）,而亲密度不满意度、适应性不满意度显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）;研究组领悟社会支持总分、领悟家庭内支持、领悟家庭外支持分显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）;研究组家庭亲密度与社会支持各因子分呈显著正相关,对亲密度不满意程度与社会支持总分及家庭外支持因子分呈显著负相关,对适应性不满意程度与家庭内支持因子分呈显著负相关。结论惊恐障碍患者的自我和谐性较低,家庭功能存在缺陷,领悟社会支持程度较低,家庭功能与领悟社会支持互为影响。     

抑郁症患者家属心理健康水平、应对方式及社会支持的现状

目的:探讨抑郁症患者家属的心理健康水平、应对方式及社会支持水平。方法:对与抑郁症患者同住的150名家属进行症状自评量表(SCL-90)、简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)和社会支持评定量表(SSRS)评估,并与全国常模的数据比较。结果:抑郁症患者家属SCL-90总分及躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、精神病性因子分明显高于全国常模(P均0.05);SCSQ中积极的应对方式得分明显低于全国常模,而消极方式得分明显高于全国常模(P均0.05);SSRS中男性家属客观支持、主观支持、支持利用评分及女性家属客观支持评分明显低于全国常模(P均0.05)。结论:抑郁症患者家属心理健康水平较差,社会支持少,多采取消极的应对方式;他们需要心理干预。     

强迫症患者与正常对照的家庭功能和社会支持的对照研究(英文)

背景在强迫症的发生与病情演变中家庭功能起着重要的作用,因而理解强迫症患者的家庭问题类型有助于制定针对性的家庭干预。目的比较强迫症患者及其同住的父母与正常对照及其同住父母的家庭功能和社会支持。方法在同济大学东方医院门诊的32例符合DSM-IV强迫症诊断标准的患者和其同住的父母中的一位以及通过附近居委会招募的31位社区对照者(年龄、受教育程度相匹配)及其同住的父母之一参加了本研究。所有受试者独立填写2个中文版自评量表,即用于评估家庭功能7个维度的McMaster家庭功能评定量表(Family Assessment Device,FAD)以及用于评估主观感受到的来自于家庭成员、朋友以及其他社会支持的领悟社会支持量表(Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support,MSPSS)。结果根据原版量表划分正常与否的分界值,强迫症患者及其父母的FAD所有维度的得分均处于异常范围。除了FAD的情感卷入这一维度,强迫症患者及其父母报告的家庭功能和社会支持都分别低于社区对照及其父母报告的程度。患者与父母在问题解决、沟通和情感介入等3个FAD因子的得分一致性高于社区对照与父母的一致性(p均小于0.001),但行为控制的得分一致性低于对照(p=0.009)。除个别相关系数未达统计学意义外,所有研究对象的MSPSS的4个得分均与FAD的7个得分呈正相关。结论在中国,强迫症类似于其他精神障碍,也是一种广泛影响家庭功能的疾病。治疗强迫症时,需要整合基于家庭的心理社会干预(如家庭治疗)以及基于个体的生物学干预和心理干预。本研究结果发现所有研究对象主观感受到的社会支持与家庭功能密切相关,这凸显了在中国,家庭功能在个体的身份认同与社交网络中的中心地位作用。     

首发与复发抑郁症患者社会功能状况及影响因素分析

目的:探讨首发与复发抑郁症患者社会功能差异及其影响因素。方法:对首发抑郁症患者(首发组,57例)及复发抑郁症患者(复发组,60例)进行简明国际神经精神访谈(MINI)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表17项版本(HAMD-17)、Sheehan残疾评定量表(SDS)、家庭功能量表(FAD)、领悟社会支持评定量表(PSSS)评估,比较两组社会功能,分析影响社会功能的因素。结果:首发组与复发组SDS评分差异无统计学意义;SDS总分与患者年龄呈负相关(r=-0.205,P=0.026),与HAMD-17总分呈正相关(r=0.623,P0.01),与FAD中各维度评分呈正相关(r=0.187~0.400,P0.05或P0.01);多元线性回归分析显示HAMD-17评分及FAD的情感反应维度进入方程。结论:首发与复发抑郁症患者均有社会功能损害;患者抑郁程度以及其家庭成员间情感反应情况是其社会功能损害的重要因素。     

抑郁症患者社会支持与生命质量的相关性研究

目的 研究抑郁症患者社会支持与生命质量的相关性.方法 采用MOS健康状况调查问卷(SF-36)、社会支持评定量表对60例抑郁症患者进行调查,并选用60例健康者作为对照组与抑郁症患者的健康状况相对比,数据分析采用描述性统计及相关性分析.结果 抑郁症患者的生命质量较差,抑郁症组SF-36的问卷得分较对照组有高度显著性(t=-18.620,P<0.01).抑郁症患者所获得的社会支持程度低于国内常模(t=-4.012,P<0.01).抑郁症患者的生命质量与社会支持程度呈正相关关系(r=0.334,P=0.009<0.01).结论 社会支持对抑郁症患者的生命质量是有影响的,在护理工作中应重视抑郁症患者的社会支持的改善.     

脑梗死病人社会支持及家庭功能对治疗依从性的影响

目的探讨脑梗死病人社会支持及家庭功能对治疗依从性的影响。方法选取2013年1月至2015年1月收治的脑梗死病人116例,采用Morisky服药依从性量表-8(MMAS-8)评估病人的治疗依从性,采用社会支持评定量表(SSRS)评估病人的社会支持情况,采用APGAR家庭功能评估表评估病人的家庭功能情况。采用多元线性回归分析评价社会支持及家庭功能对脑梗死病人治疗依从性的影响。结果所有病人均能完成调查,MMAS-8评分(7.1±1.0)分,其中依从性良好56例(48.3%),依从性一般32例(27.6%),依从性差28例(24.1%);多元线性回归分析结果显示,家庭人均月收入、病程、主观支持、情感度、亲密度、合作度是影响病人治疗依从性的重要因素。结论脑梗死病人的治疗依从性与社会支持度和家庭功能状况息息相关,护理人员应当做好相关干预,提高病人的家庭、社会支持度,改善病人治疗依从性,进而改善病人预后和生活质量。     

家庭暴力施暴者的社会支持和家庭功能

目的探讨家庭男性躯体施暴者的社会支持和家庭功能,为进一步干预家庭暴力提供帮助。方法采用病例对照研究,对156例社区家庭男性躯体施暴者和44例社区正常对照组用社会支持量表和家庭功能问卷进行评定。结果家庭暴力男性躯体施暴者主观支持、客观支持、支持利用度和社会支持总分显著低于对照组(P<0.05);他们父亲的惩罚、严厉,过分干涉,拒绝、否认和过分保护养育方式分值显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论家庭暴力男性躯体施暴者有较少的社会支持和较多家庭功能问题。     

抑郁症的社会功能

据报道单相抑郁占该疾病引起病残 (任何限制或缺乏执行正常人类活动的能力 )的 11%,双相障碍占3%,且加重了社会负担。为此 ,本文旨在讨论减轻抑郁症社会功能损伤 ,寻求最佳治疗方法及简述目前研究的最新进展。1　社会功能的定义及其测定生活质量 (ｑｕａｌｉｔｙｏｆｌｉｆｅ)这个名词和精神病的治疗和预后一样正日益引起人们的重视。它包括多方面的内容 :健康状态 ;缺乏或限制执行正常人类活动的残疾 ;不正常的心理、躯体或解剖结构或功能所致损伤。他的一个中心特征是个人执行社会任务的能力 ,即所谓的“社会功能”(ｓｏｃｉａｌｆｕｎｃ…     

老年抑郁症患者社会支持与应对方式特点研究

目的了解老年抑郁症患者的社会支持与应对方式特点。方法30例老年抑郁症患者为研究组，30例正常老年人为对照组。用社会支持评定量表和应对方式问卷分别进行测评。结果老年抑郁组的SSRS评分显著少于对照组（P〈0．01）。老年抑郁组的消极应对因子幻想及逃避评分显著高于对照组，而积极应对因子面对、淡化及探索评分显著低于对照组（P〈0．01～0．05）。结论老年抑郁症存在社会支持不足及应对方式不良，加强社会支持与应对方式指导可能对防治老年抑郁症起重要作用。     

伴有抑郁的2型糖尿病患者生活质量及家庭功能

目的:探讨伴有抑郁的2型糖尿病患者生活质量及家庭功能特征。方法:采用生活质量量表(QLESQ)、家庭功能量表(FAD)以及贝克抑郁量表(BDI)对50例2型糖尿病患者(糖尿病组)及50名正常人(正常对照组)进行调查。结果:38%(19/50例)的2型糖尿病患者伴有抑郁。糖尿病组FAD评分中情感卷入及行为控制维度在不健康家庭功能范围内;QLESQ总分(32.49±5.86)分明显低于正常对照组(37.76±5.38)分(P<0.01)。糖尿病组FAD的问题解决、角色和情感卷入维度与抑郁症状呈正相关(r分别=0.426、0.339、0.454,P<0.05或P<0.01);QLESQ总分与家庭功能的角色和行为控制维度呈负相关(r分别=-0.292、-0.344,P<0.01)。结论:伴发抑郁的2型糖尿病患者生活质量差且家庭功能有缺陷。     

抑郁症患者自尊与家庭环境的相关研究

目的：探讨抑郁症患者自尊与家庭环境的关系。方法：采用家庭环境量表（FES-CV）和自尊量表（SES）对90例抑郁症患者进行问卷调查。结果：抑郁症患者的家庭环境量表得分与中国常模比较差异有显著性（P〈0.01）,其中抑郁症患者在家庭亲密度、成功性、文化性、娱乐性和组织性方面显著低于国内常模,且矛盾性明显为高。抑郁症患者的家庭亲密度、情感表达、独立性、成功性与自尊之间呈正相关（P〈0.01或〈0.05）。结论：抑郁症患者的自尊水平与家庭环境有关。     

Stress and depression symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis: the mediating role of the loss of social functioning

Kirchner T, Lara S. Stress and depression symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis: the mediating role of the loss of social functioning.
Acta Neurol Scand: 2011: 123: 407–413.
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Objective – Depression symptoms are very frequent in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and have been associated with several quality of life indicators, especially physical and social functioning. The objectives were as follows: (i) to analyse the extent to which the loss of physical and social functioning may explain the depression symptoms observed in 65 Spanish patients diagnosed with MS; and (ii) to analyse the degree to which loss of social functioning may act as a mediator between depression symptoms and the stress associated with the disease. Materials and Methods – Participants were 65 Spanish patients diagnosed with MS and recruited from several MS centres and foundations. Results – The loss of social functioning had greater explanatory power as regards depression symptoms than did the loss of physical functions. Social functioning was also found to have an important mediating effect between MS stress and depression symptoms: specifically, more than half (52%) of the relationship between MS stress and depression symptoms was mediated by the perceived loss of social functions in Spanish patients with MS. Conclusion – The importance of social functioning for Spanish patients with MS may have noteworthy implications when designing prevention and treatment programmes aimed at improving their quality of life.     

Social environment factors associated with suicide attempt among low-income African Americans: The protective role of family relationships and social support

Abstract Background Suicide and suicide attempts are important public health concerns, and recent decades have witnessed a rising rate of suicide among African Americans. A history of prior attempts is a leading risk factor for completed suicide. Further research is needed into the social environment risk factors for suicide attempt among African Americans. This study focused on two important dimensions of the social environment, family relationships and social support, as well as an important person-level risk factor—depressive symptoms. Method Data were obtained from a case-control study of 200 African American men and women aged 18–64 years, who sought services at a large, urban, public hospital. Odds ratios adjusted for significant sociodemographic differences between groups (aORs) were calculated for environment risk factors for suicide attempt among the cases and controls. The role of depressive symptoms was also studied. Results Lower levels of family adaptability and family cohesion increased the relative rate of suicide attempt in the sample. The aOR associated with the lowest quartile of family adaptability was 3.90, and the aORs associated with the first and second quartiles of family cohesion were 8.91 and 5.51, respectively. Lower levels of social embeddedness and social support increased the relative rate of suicide attempt in our sample. The aOR associated with the first and second quartiles of social embeddedness were 5.67 and 4.93, respectively, and the aOR associated with the lowest quartile of social support was 6.29. A mediating role of depression was discovered when depressive symptoms were entered into the logistic regression models. Conclusions Our findings indicate that social environment factors including deficits in family functioning and social support are associated strongly with suicide attempts among low-income African American men and women seeking treatment in a large, urban hospital. Thus, better family functioning and social supports can be considered protective factors in this population. The presence of depressive symptoms, a well-known risk factor for suicide attempts and suicide, appears to mediate the association between social environment factors and suicide attempt.     

Long-term social functioning after depression treated by psychiatrists: a review

OBJECTIVES: Numerous long-term studies of depression in psychiatric settings have shown a poor clinical outcome but little emphasis has been placed on psychosocial or functional outcome in studies to date. This article reviews published data on long-term social functioning after depression and considers why psychosocial recovery appears delayed compared with clinical recovery. METHODS: Searches were carried out of the databases MEDLINE, PSYCHLIT and EMBASE for articles published from 1980 using keywords relating to social and functional outcomes of unipolar and bipolar depression. Review articles and relevant textbooks were also searched. RESULTS: The few outcome studies published have described long-term functional impairment in the majority of patients but have been limited by methodological shortcomings. Psychosocial impairment tends to persist even after clinical remission from depression. Residual symptomatology after remission from depression may lead to enduring psychosocial impairment, as may subtle neurocognitive deficits. Axis I and II comorbidities predict a poor psychosocial outcome, but episodes of depression do not appear to lead to personality 'scarring'. CONCLUSIONS: Future outcome studies need to focus on longitudinal social functioning. Full functional recovery after an episode of depression should be the goal of treatment as enduring residual symptoms lead to long-term psychosocial impairment.     

Negative life events, social support and gender difference in depression

Objective

To explore if differences in negative life events, vulnerability and social support may explain the gender difference in depression.

Methods

Cross-sectional, multinational, community survey from five European countries (n = 8,787). Depression is measured by Beck Depression Inventory, whereas negative life events and social support are measured by various questionnaires.

Results

Women report slightly more negative life events than men do, mainly related to the social network, but more social support in general and in connection with reported life events. This trend is the same in all participating countries except Spain, where there is no gender difference in the reported support. In general, women are not more vulnerable to negative life events than men are. However, women with no social support, who are exposed to life events, are more vulnerable than men without support.

Conclusion

The higher rate of depression in women is not explained by gender differences in negative life events, social support or vulnerability.