首发与复发抑郁症患者社会功能状况及影响因素分析

目的:探讨首发与复发抑郁症患者社会功能差异及其影响因素。方法:对首发抑郁症患者(首发组,57例)及复发抑郁症患者(复发组,60例)进行简明国际神经精神访谈(MINI)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表17项版本(HAMD-17)、Sheehan残疾评定量表(SDS)、家庭功能量表(FAD)、领悟社会支持评定量表(PSSS)评估,比较两组社会功能,分析影响社会功能的因素。结果:首发组与复发组SDS评分差异无统计学意义;SDS总分与患者年龄呈负相关(r=-0.205,P=0.026),与HAMD-17总分呈正相关(r=0.623,P0.01),与FAD中各维度评分呈正相关(r=0.187~0.400,P0.05或P0.01);多元线性回归分析显示HAMD-17评分及FAD的情感反应维度进入方程。结论:首发与复发抑郁症患者均有社会功能损害;患者抑郁程度以及其家庭成员间情感反应情况是其社会功能损害的重要因素。     

伴有抑郁的2型糖尿病患者生活质量及家庭功能

目的:探讨伴有抑郁的2型糖尿病患者生活质量及家庭功能特征。方法:采用生活质量量表(QLESQ)、家庭功能量表(FAD)以及贝克抑郁量表(BDI)对50例2型糖尿病患者(糖尿病组)及50名正常人(正常对照组)进行调查。结果:38%(19/50例)的2型糖尿病患者伴有抑郁。糖尿病组FAD评分中情感卷入及行为控制维度在不健康家庭功能范围内;QLESQ总分(32.49±5.86)分明显低于正常对照组(37.76±5.38)分(P<0.01)。糖尿病组FAD的问题解决、角色和情感卷入维度与抑郁症状呈正相关(r分别=0.426、0.339、0.454,P<0.05或P<0.01);QLESQ总分与家庭功能的角色和行为控制维度呈负相关(r分别=-0.292、-0.344,P<0.01)。结论:伴发抑郁的2型糖尿病患者生活质量差且家庭功能有缺陷。     

伴自伤行为的女性青少年抑郁障碍患者家庭功能与童年创伤经历的相关性

目的探索伴自伤行为的女性青少年抑郁障碍患者所感知的家庭功能健康状况与其童年创伤经历的关系,为对其进行有针对性的家庭心理干预提供参考。方法纳入符合《国际疾病分类(第10版)》(ICD-10)抑郁障碍诊断标准且伴有自伤行为的青少年女生为研究组(n=50),选取年龄和家庭结构与研究组相匹配的正常青少年女生为对照组(n=42)。采用贝克抑郁自评量表第2版(BDI-II)、家庭功能评定量表(FAD)、童年创伤问卷(CTQ)评定两组抑郁程度、家庭功能和童年创伤经历。结果除行为控制维度外,研究组FAD其余各分量表评分均高于对照组(P均0.01),CTQ总评分及各因子评分均高于对照组(P0.05或0.01)。研究组FAD中问题解决、沟通、角色、情感反应、情感介入、行为控制、总体功能评分与CTQ中躯体忽视、情感虐待、情感忽视评分均呈正相关(r=0.285～0.677,P0.05或0.01);FAD中问题解决、沟通、角色、行为控制、总体功能评分与CTQ中躯体虐待、性虐待评分均呈正相关(r=0.232～0.470,P0.05或0.01)。多重回归分析显示,情感忽视评分与家庭总体功能正向关联(β=0.318,P0.05)。结论伴自伤行为的女性青少年抑郁障碍患者所感知的家庭功能健康状况较差,可能与其童年创伤经历有关,尤其与情感忽视有关。     

强迫症患者与正常对照的家庭功能和社会支持的对照研究(英文)

背景在强迫症的发生与病情演变中家庭功能起着重要的作用,因而理解强迫症患者的家庭问题类型有助于制定针对性的家庭干预。目的比较强迫症患者及其同住的父母与正常对照及其同住父母的家庭功能和社会支持。方法在同济大学东方医院门诊的32例符合DSM-IV强迫症诊断标准的患者和其同住的父母中的一位以及通过附近居委会招募的31位社区对照者(年龄、受教育程度相匹配)及其同住的父母之一参加了本研究。所有受试者独立填写2个中文版自评量表,即用于评估家庭功能7个维度的McMaster家庭功能评定量表(Family Assessment Device,FAD)以及用于评估主观感受到的来自于家庭成员、朋友以及其他社会支持的领悟社会支持量表(Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support,MSPSS)。结果根据原版量表划分正常与否的分界值,强迫症患者及其父母的FAD所有维度的得分均处于异常范围。除了FAD的情感卷入这一维度,强迫症患者及其父母报告的家庭功能和社会支持都分别低于社区对照及其父母报告的程度。患者与父母在问题解决、沟通和情感介入等3个FAD因子的得分一致性高于社区对照与父母的一致性(p均小于0.001),但行为控制的得分一致性低于对照(p=0.009)。除个别相关系数未达统计学意义外,所有研究对象的MSPSS的4个得分均与FAD的7个得分呈正相关。结论在中国,强迫症类似于其他精神障碍,也是一种广泛影响家庭功能的疾病。治疗强迫症时,需要整合基于家庭的心理社会干预(如家庭治疗)以及基于个体的生物学干预和心理干预。本研究结果发现所有研究对象主观感受到的社会支持与家庭功能密切相关,这凸显了在中国,家庭功能在个体的身份认同与社交网络中的中心地位作用。     

抑郁障碍患者家庭功能的跨文化研究

目的:探讨中国和美国抑郁障碍患者的家庭功能特征.方法:采用家庭功能量表(FAD)对92例中国抑郁障碍患者(中国组)及92例美国抑郁障碍患者(美国组)进行评估及比较.结果:两组FAD各维度均分均高于健康的家庭功能临界值,为不健康的家庭功能.中国组FAD中的情感反应维度评分及行为控制维度评分明显高于美国组;中国男性组情感反...     

重性抑郁障碍临床痊愈患者心理社会功能特征研究

目的:研究重性抑郁障碍患者在达到临床痊愈标准后心理社会功能的特点。方法:采用生活质量综合评定问卷(GQOLI-74)的躯体、心理、社会功能分量表、17项汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、社会支持评定量表(SSS)和生活事件量表(LES),对32例经住院治疗后达到临床痊愈的重性抑郁障碍患者和32名正常人进行调查分析。结果:协变量方差分析显示,以客观社会支持或负性生活事件为协变量时;研究组躯体功能维度(F=5.75,P<0.05)及躯体不适感因子得分(F=5.51,P<0.05)显著低于对照组;研究组心理功能维度中的正性情感因子得分(F=4.75,P<0.05)显著高于对照组;研究组社会功能维度中的工作学习(t=-3.80,P<0.01)和婚姻家庭因子得分(t=-3.30,P<0.01)显著低于对照组,该维度中的社会支持因子(F=4.94,P<0.05)和业余娱乐生活因子得分(F=9.30,P<0.01)显著高于对照组;研究组总体生活质量因子得分(F=4.14,P<0.05)显著低于对照组。结论:临床痊愈的重性抑郁障碍患者心理功能可能已恢复至正常水平,躯体、社会功能可能尚未完全恢复。     

抑郁症患者总体幸福感与社会支持和应对方式的相关性

目的调查抑郁症患者的幸福感,探讨其总体幸福感与社会支持和应对方式的相关性。方法于2019年2月-9月在安徽省精神卫生中心焦虑抑郁科门诊及住院患者中选择120例符合《国际疾病分类(第10版)》(ICD-10)抑郁症诊断标准的抑郁症患者作为抑郁症组,同时从社区人员及患者家属中选择122例作为对照组。采用总体幸福感量表(GWB)(中国版)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)进行评定,应用Pearson相关分析及多元线性回归分析比较抑郁症患者GWB、SSRS与SCSQ评分的相关性。结果抑郁症患者GWB评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义[(62.43±13.48)分vs.(84.97±10.02)分,t=-14.780,P<0.01];抑郁症患者GWB评分与SCSQ总评分和积极应对方式评分均呈正相关(r=0.378、0.460,P均<0.01);抑郁症患者GWB评分与SSRS客观支持、主观支持、对支持的利用度评分及总评分均呈正相关(r=0.354~0.561,P<0.05或0.01);SSRS客观支持、主观支持、对支持的利用度评分及总评分与SCSQ总评分和积极应对方式评分均呈正相关(r=0.234~0.398,P<0.05或0.01)。结论抑郁症患者幸福感较低,且其幸福感水平与社会支持和积极应对方式相关。     

以家庭为基础的心理护理对老年痴呆患者家庭复原力安全感的影响

目的 探讨以家庭为基础的心理护理对老年痴呆患者家庭复原力、安全感的影响。方法 选取2018-01—2019-05郑州市第七人民医院收治的老年痴呆患者112例,随机分为观察组(n=56)、对照组(n=56)。对照组采取常规护理,观察组在常规护理基础上采取以家庭为基础的心理护理,均护理3个月。比较2组护理3个月后Cornell痴呆抑郁量表(CSDD)、安全感评分(SQ)、家庭复原力评分、社会支持程度评分(SRRS)、家庭功能评定量表评分(FAD)、简易智力状态检查量表(MMSE)、老年痴呆生活质量量表(QOL-AD)评分。结果 护理3个月后观察组CSDD评分低于对照组,SQ量表人际安全感、确定控制感评分高于对照组(P0.05);观察组护理3个月后清晰交流、困境解读、秩序井然、正向前瞻、社会支持、生活卓越、亲密和谐、问题解决、情感分享、合作协调维度评分高于对照组(P0.05);观察组护理3个月后SRRS、FAD评分高于对照组(P0.05);观察组护理3个月后MMSE、QOL-AD评分均高于对照组(P0.05)。结论 以家庭为基础的心理护理可改善老年痴呆患者抑郁情绪与认知功能,增加患者安全感,提高患者家庭复原力、社会支持度与家庭功能,改善患者生活质量。     

首发与复发精神分裂症患者家庭功能对其生活质量影响的比较

目的 探讨首发与复发精神分裂症患者家庭功能对其生活质量影响的差异。方法 2018 年 7—12 月采用便利抽样的方法于四川大学华西医院心理卫生中心住院部对符合纳入排除标准的46 例首 发及88 例复发精神分裂症患者进行调查，采用一般资料、家庭功能评定（FAD）量表（包括沟通、角色、问 题解决、情感反应、情感介入、行为控制和总功能）、家庭亲密度及适应性量表（FACES Ⅱ -CV，包括亲密 度和适应性）以及精神分裂症患者生活质量量表（SQLS，包括心理社会、动机和精力、症状和不良反应） 进行调查并进行组间比较，采用相关分析及多元逐步回归法分析两组家庭功能对其生活质量的影响并 探讨其差异。结果 首发与复发精神分裂症患者在家庭沟通和亲密度方面差异均有统计学意义（t值分 别为2.45、-2.14，均P ＜ 0.05）。复发患者的SQLS 总分与FAD 和FACES 各维度之间均存在相关关系（均 P＜ 0.05），而在首发患者中，只有沟通（r=0.32， P＜ 0.05）和一般功能（r=0.32， P＜ 0.05）与动机和精力相 关。对于首发精神分裂症患者，家庭沟通（β=0.32，P=0.03）是其生活质量的影响因素，而一般功能（β=0.29， P=0.02）和家庭角色（β=0.24，P=0.04）是复发患者生活质量的影响因素。结论 家庭沟通不良的首发精 神分裂症患者生活质量较低，而对于复发精神分裂症患者，家庭角色和家庭一般功能较差者其生活质 量较低。     

神经性厌食症患者的自尊、完美主义与其家庭功能的关系

目的:探究神经性厌食症(AN)患者的自尊、完美主义与其家庭功能的关系。方法:对71例AN患者(AN组)及71位健康志愿者(对照组)进行Rosenberg自尊量表(RSES)、Frost完美主义问卷中文版(CFMPS)及家庭功能评定量表(FAD)评估和比较,并对AN患者的自尊、完美主义与家庭功能进行相关分析。结果:①AN组RSES评分明显低于对照组(t=6.4207,P=0.000); CFMPS中的担心错误(CM)(t=4.8432,P=0.0000)、行动的疑虑(DA)(t=3.1363,P=0.0021)、个人标准(PS)(t=3.7448,P=0.0003)、父母期望(PE)(t=3.1805,P=0.0018)4个维度的评分及消极完美主义总分(t=14.0926,P=0.0000)明显高于对照组;FAD中的问题解决(t=4.2541,P=0.0000)、沟通(t=3.6409,P=0.0004)、情感反应(t=4.2121,P=0.0000)、情感介入(t=6.1278,P=0.0000)、行为控制(t=2.9765,P=0.0034)和总功能(t=6.4386,P=0.0000)6个维度评分明显高于对照组;②AN组FAD中的问题解决、沟通、总体功能评分与RSES评分呈负相关;问题解决评分与CFMPS中条理性(OR)评分呈正相关,行为控制评分与CM、DA评分呈正相关,情感介入、行为控制及总体功能评分与PS评分呈正相关,情感反应、情感介入、总体功能评分与PE评分呈正相关(P0.05或P0.01);③AN组RESE总分与CFMPS中CM、PE和消极完美主义总分呈负相关(P均0.01)。结论:AN患者的低自尊及消极完美主义特质与其家庭功能失调相关。     

Neuroimaging in epilepsy in tropics

Epilepsy is a major public health problem in many tropical countries. Also, some of the tropical diseases are major contributors to the higher prevalence of epilepsy in these countries. The etiologic factors responsible for epilepsy in these countries are quite different from those in the developed world. This article discusses the etiologic factors and neuroimaging of epilepsy in light of the conditions in these tropical countries.     

癫痫与抑郁关系的研究进展

抑郁是癫痫患者中常见的精神障碍,严重地影响了患者的生活质量。传统的观点认为癫痫患者因为存在着诸多社会学问题易出现抑郁倾向,癫痫和抑郁是单向的联系,但大量的研究已经证明癫痫和抑郁之间存在双向的联系,一种异常状态的存在可能易转化为另一种异常状态的发展。癫痫和抑郁存在着共同的发病机制。本文主要就癫痫和抑郁的双向联系以及抗抑郁药物在癫痫患者中的应用进行阐述。     

Sudanophilic lipid accumulation in astrocytes in periventricular leukomalacia in monkeys

Summary Sudanophilic lipid accumulation is a characteristic feature of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) of infants. At least two types of lipid-containing cells have been identified, one being the macrophage, the other the pre-myelin glial cell. A third type of lipid-containing cell has been seen in two monkeys with spontaneous PVL. Electron microscopically this cell appears to be an astrocyte. This probably represents a reaction of the astrocyte to hypoxia and may be the equivalent of the hypertrophic astrocytes found in human infants.Supported in part by NIH grant HDO 8633 and the Regional Primate Research Center Grant RR-00166     

Increase in cathepsin D activity in rat brain in aging

Cathepsin D-like activity in homogenates of five brain areas of 3-month-old and 24-month-old Fischer 344 rats was measured. With hemoglobin as substrate at pH 3.2, more than 90% of the activity was inhibited by pepstatin. In each area studied, activity was more than twice as high in the old rat brain: 140-160% higher in the cortex, cerebellum, pons-medulla, and striatum and 90-100% higher in the hippocampus and spinal cord. The greatly increased metabolic capacity in the absence of an increase in protein turnover may have a role in age-related pathological degeneration in the brain.     

Characteristics of nociceptors in the periodontium--an in vitro study in rats

Recent studies have indicated that nociceptors can be classified into various types according to their physiological properties. These studies have clarified that the frequency distribution of various nociceptor types is different among body sites and animal species. In the present study, we investigated the physiological properties of rat's periodontal nociceptors in an in vitro jaw-nerve preparation. Responses were recorded from functional single filaments in the inferior alveolar nerve. To determine the nociceptor type, calibrated von Frey filaments, heat, and bradykinin (BK) stimuli were used. We found five subtypes of nociceptors in the periodontal ligaments of the lower incisor: Adelta-high threshold mechanonociceptors (Adelta-HTM, n=28), Adelta-mechanoheat nociceptors (Adelta-MH, n=6), Adelta-polymodal nociceptors (Adelta-POLY, n=26), C-high threshold mechanonociceptors (C-HTM, n=3) and C-polymodal nociceptors (C-POLY, n=4). Most nociceptors were Adelta-innervated, while only a small number of C-innervated nociceptors were found. The present results suggest that periodontal nociceptors transmit mainly fast pain, and may thus play a role in rapid detection of injure-related stimuli during mastication.     

Gender in Voice Perception in Autism

Deficits in the perception of social stimuli may contribute to the characteristic impairments in social interaction in high functioning autism (HFA). Although the cortical processing of voice is abnormal in HFA, it is unclear whether this gives rise to impairments in the perception of voice gender. About 20 children with HFA and 20 matched controls were presented with voice fragments that were parametrically morphed in gender. No differences were found in the perception of gender between the two groups of participants, but response times differed significantly. The results suggest that the perception of voice gender is not impaired in HFA, which is consistent with behavioral findings of an unimpaired voice-based identification of age and identity by individuals with autism. The differences in response times suggest that individuals with HFA use different perceptual approaches from those used by typically developing individuals.     

Defects in Bioenergetic Coupling in Schizophrenia

Synaptic neurotransmission relies on maintenance of the synapse and meeting the energy demands of neurons. Defects in excitatory and inhibitory synapses have been implicated in schizophrenia, likely contributing to positive and negative symptoms as well as impaired cognition. Recently, accumulating evidence has suggested that bioenergetic systems, important in both synaptic function and cognition, are abnormal in psychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia. Animal models of synaptic dysfunction demonstrated endophenotypes of schizophrenia as well as bioenergetic abnormalities. We report findings on the bioenergetic interplay of astrocytes and neurons and discuss how dysregulation of these pathways may contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, highlighting metabolic systems as important therapeutic targets.     

Ethnic disparities in problem behaviour in adolescence contribute to ethnic disparities in social class in adulthood

BACKGROUND: It is important for prevention of social class disparities to know how ethnic disparities in social class arise among migrant children. We contribute to this understanding by examining the role of problem behaviour in adolescence. METHODS: Prospective observational study with 753 Dutch native and 217 Turkish migrant adolescents (11-18 year) followed for 10 years. Internalising and externalising problems were assessed in adolescence and employment status and occupational level were assessed in adulthood. The difference in odds ratios (OR) before and after adjustment for internalising and externalising problems was an indication of the predictive value of disparities in internalising and externalising problems for the development of social class disparities. RESULTS: A total of 135 (62%) of the Turkish and 602 (80%) of the Dutch adults were employed. Internalising and externalising problems were not associated with employment status. Of the employed, 65 (48%) Turkish and 179 (30%) Dutch adults worked in low-level occupations (p < 0.0001). Internalising and externalising problems were associated with both ethnicity and occupation. The OR for low-level occupation for Turkish adults was 1.78 (1.19-2.65), indicating ethnic disparities. Adjustment for internalising problems lowered the OR with 36% to 1.50 (0.97-2.31), and adjustment for externalising problems lowered it with 8% to 1.72 (1.15-2.57). Findings were similar for men and women and did not vary by age. CONCLUSIONS: Ethnic disparities in occupational level in adulthood could partly be attributed to disparities in mental health between Turkish migrants and Dutch natives in adolescence. Prevention of ethnic disparities in mental health at young age may therefore also contribute to the prevention of occupational differences in adulthood.     

Progress in neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease

Slowing or aborting the progress of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains the most important unmet need of this disorder. There are several recent developments in trial design and also in drugs under investigation for possible neuroprotective effect. Emphasis has been placed on clinical as opposed to imaging end-points and these include change in a clinical rating scale, e.g. United Parkinson's disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), or time to additional therapy. The introduction of the delayed-start, or wash-in, trial design adds an additional dimension to drug evaluation for neuroprotection. Compounds that have been recently tested in clinical trial include the monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor rasagiline, the anti-apoptotic agents TCH346 and CEP1347, and the promitochondrial agent creatine. The dopamine agonists have been evaluated for a neuroprotective effect using imaging end-points. Perhaps the most important and simplest concept for neuroprotection has been the theory that early dopaminergic support for the degenerating dopaminergic system per se provides significant long-term clinical benefit for PD patients.     

Changes in parasympathetic system in medulla oblongata in male pigs in the course of tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy

Background

Autonomic imbalance constituting a fundamental feature of heart failure (HF) has been assessed mainly at the periphery. Changes in the functioning of autonomic centers in the brain remain unclear. We investigated the molecular elements of parasympathetic system, i.e. α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) and enzymes metabolizing acetylcholine (acetylcholinesterase, AChE, choline acetyltransferase, ChAT) in medulla oblongata (MO) of male pigs with chronic tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy.

Methods

The mRNA levels of AChE, ChAT, α7nAChR and X-box binding protein 1 (spliced form, XBP1s) in MO were analyzed using qPCR, AChE and ChAT activities using spectrophotometry, proteasome activity using fluorometry, and the protein level of α7nAChR using Western blotting.

Results

The development of systolic HF was accompanied by an increase in circulating catecholamines, a decrease in the AChE and α7nAChR mRNA in MO, an increase in AChE activity (all p < 0.05), and no change in either the mRNA or activity of ChAT. Both circulating catecholamine levels and AChE activity were inversely related to systolic function of left myocardial ventricle (p < 0.05). The level of α7nAChR protein in MO and its cytoplasmatic fraction were higher in pigs with moderate and severe HF as compared to the other animals (p < 0.01). There was no difference in proteasome activity in MO between diseased and healthy animals, whereas the XBP1s mRNA decreased during HF progression (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Molecular elements of parasympathetic system are changed within the medulla oblongata during the progression of systolic non-ischemic heart failure in male pigs, indicating a functional link between MO and heart in HF.