低频重复经颅磁刺激治疗精神分裂症慢性幻听的疗效及随访研究

目的研究低频重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）对精神分裂症难治性慢性幻听症状的疗效。方法将46例精神分裂症伴慢性幻听患者随机分为研究组（23例）和对照组（23例）。研究组在原有抗精神病药物种类及剂量不变的同时给予经左侧颞顶叶的2周共10次低频（1Hz）rTMS刺激,对照组采用假rTMS刺激。治疗前后对两组分别进行AHRS听幻觉量表及临床疗效总评量表（CGI）评定幻听症状的变化,并对治疗有效者于3个月后随访。结果研究组治疗前、后AHRS评分分别为（8．1±2．5）和（3．5±1．5）;对照组为（7．8±2．6）和（6．5±2．1）,研究组疗效明显优于对照组（F=20．3,P〈0．05）。所有患者均完成试验,未见有严重的副反应出现。结论低频rTMS治疗精神分裂症难治性慢性幻听症状,疗效肯定且安全性好。     

重复经颅磁刺激治疗精神分裂症顽固性幻听对照研究

目的研究重复经颅磁刺激治疗精神分裂症幻听的临床疗效和安全性。方法伴顽固性幻听的精神分裂症患者随机分为研究组(n=60)和对照组(n=60)。在维持原抗精神病药物治疗基础上,研究组给予6周左侧颞顶叶的rTMS治疗,对照组给予伪刺激治疗。采用幻听量表(AHRS)、阳性症状和阴性症状量表(PANSS)、幻听量表(AHRS)评定临床疗效,采用不良反应量表(TESS)评估不良反应。结果 6周治疗后,研究组治疗幻听的有效率高于对照组(P<0.01),研究组AHRS、PANSS的总分和分量表评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或0.01)。治疗中未见明显不良反应。结论左侧颞顶叶rTMS治疗能减轻精神分裂症患者的顽固性幻听。     

重复经颅磁刺激辅助治疗精神分裂症幻听的疗效和安全性

目的:探讨双背侧前额叶低频重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)辅助治疗对精神分裂症患者幻听症状的疗效和安全性。方法:采用随机双盲法将109例有幻听症状的精神分裂症患者分为rTMS组(55例)和对照组(54例);两组在维持原有抗精神病药种类及剂量的基础上,分别给予低频(1 Hz)rTMS真刺激和伪刺激治疗,每天1次、每次20 min、每周5次,疗程4周。分别于治疗前后采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)评定临床症状,以治疗后幻听症状评分减分≥2为有效;治疗后采用治疗中出现的症状量表(TESS)评估安全性。结果:治疗后rTMS组的PANSS总分、幻听症状分、阴性症状分、一般病理分显著低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);幻听症状的有效率(72.7%)显著高于对照组(35.1%)(P<0.05);两组患者均无严重不良事件发生。结论:双背侧前额叶低频rTMS辅助治疗对精神分裂患者病情缓解及对症幻听症状有一定效果,且安全。     

重复经颅磁刺激联合拉莫三嗪对精神分裂症顽固性幻听辅助治疗作用的对照研究

目的:探讨重复经颅磁刺激(r TMS)联合拉莫三嗪辅助治疗精神分裂症患者顽固性幻听的临床疗效。方法:90例精神分裂症患者随机分为观察组、对照1组和对照2组,每组各30例。观察组给予r TMS和拉莫三嗪治疗,对照1组给予伪r TMS和拉莫三嗪治疗,对照2组则给予r TMS和安慰剂治疗,连续观察8周。采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)、听幻觉量表(AHRS)和治疗中出现的症状量表(TESS)于治疗前和治疗后4、8周评定疗效和不良反应。结果:治疗8周,观察组PANSS及AHRS总分均显著低于对照1组和对照2组,组间主效应明显(F=6.739,P0.01;F=3.898,P0.05);各组PANSS总分及AHRS总分具有时间主效应(F=30.383,F=18.232;P均0.001),但组间与时间均无交互作用(F=1.607,F=1.568;P0.05)。观察组与对照组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.752,P0.05)。结论:r TMS联合拉莫三嗪辅助治疗能够显著地改善精神分裂症患者顽固性幻听症状,其疗效优于单用r TMS或拉莫三嗪。     

单纯药物与药物联合重复经颅磁刺激治疗首发精神分裂症幻听症状的随机对照研究

目的：探讨单纯药物与药物联合重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）治疗首发精神分裂症患者幻听症状的疗效及安全性。方法将80例具有幻听症状的首发精神分裂症患者随机分为研究组和对照组,每组各40例。研究组在药物（利培酮）基础上联合rTMS治疗,对照组采用单纯药物（利培酮）治疗。分别于治疗前及治疗1,2,4周末应用阳性和阴性症状量表（PANSS）评定临床疗效,通过不良反应评价其安全性。结果治疗4周末,两组患者PANSS总分及各因子分均较治疗前显著下降（P＜0．01）;治疗4周末,研究组PANSS阳性症状因子显效率（30％）高于对照组（10％）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;研究组PANSS总分和阳性症状因子分在第2周和4周末均低于对照组（P ＜0．05）。两组患者各不良反应发生率的差异无统计学意义（P ＞0．05）。结论 rTMS可以缩短药物治疗精神分裂症幻听症状的起效时间,并可提高药物的疗效,且安全性好。     

不同部位低频重复经颅磁刺激治疗顽固性幻听起效时间和安全性的双盲对照研究

目的 初步探讨背外侧前额叶和左侧颞顶叶低频重复经颅磁刺激(repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,rTMS)治疗精神分裂症顽固性幻听的疗效(起效时间)和安全性.方法 36例伴有顽固性幻听的精神分裂症患者随机分为三组,分别为背外侧前额叶rTMS治疗组(n1 =12)、左侧颞顶叶rTMS治疗组(n2=14)及对照组(假性刺激)(n3=10),背外侧前额叶rTMS治疗组、左侧颞顶叶rTMS治疗组分别给予10次1 Hz rTMS真性刺激,对照组给予假刺激,治疗期间维持原有抗精神病药种类及剂量不变.采用阳性和阴性症状量表(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale,PANSS)评定临床症状,不良反应症状量表(Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale,TESS)、纯音听力测试评估副反应.结果 两个真性治疗组疗效均明显优于假性治疗组,与基线比较,背外侧前额叶组第4次评估、左侧颞顶叶组第7次评估出现统计学差异,两个治疗组比较差异无统计学意义.无论治疗组、对照组均未观察到明显的副反应.结论 1 Hz背外侧前额叶、左侧颞顶叶低频重复经颅磁刺激治疗精神分裂症顽固性幻听均有效,且安全性高.     

低频重复经颅磁刺激对难治性精神分裂症的增效作用

目的评价低频重复经颅磁刺激(r TMS)对难治性精神分裂症的疗效和认知功能的影响及其安全性。方法将52例幻听症状突出的难治性精神分裂症患者随机分为真刺激组和伪刺激组,刺激频率为1Hz,部位为背外侧前额叶皮质。在基线期、2周(治疗10次)、6周(治疗20次)和治疗结束后1个月采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)、幻听量表(AHRS)、临床总体印象量表(CGIS)评价精神症状,采用可反复测查的成套神经心理状态评估工具(RBANS)评价认知功能,采用副反应量表(TESS)评定不良反应。结果 r TMS治疗10次、20次及随访1个月时,真刺激组和伪刺激组相比,PANSS幻觉、CGI评分、AHRS频率及RBANS总评分比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05或0.01);r TMS治疗20次及随访1个月时,AHRS总评分、影响、痛苦、RBANS视觉广度、言语功能及注意力评分差异有统计学意义(P0.05或0.01);随访1个月时,PANSS阳性症状、一般病理症状评分、RBANS即刻记忆评分差异有统计学意义(P0.05或0.01)。r TMS治疗后未发现明显不良反应。结论低频r TMS可改善精神分裂症的幻听、阳性症状和认知功能且安全性好。     

重复经颅磁刺激治疗精神分裂症工作记忆缺陷的研究进展

精神分裂症患者存在明显的工作记忆缺陷,影响其功能及预后,但目前尚无有效干预手段治疗精神分裂症的工作记忆缺陷.重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)是一种非侵入性干预手段,基础及临床研究提示rTMS对精神分裂症的工作记忆缺陷可能具有改善作用,但是现有的研究结果并不能反映rTMS对精神分裂症工作记忆缺陷的治疗全貌及真实情况.因此,对rTMS治疗进行深入研究不仅有助于阐明精神分裂症的工作记忆缺陷机制,同时也能为精神分裂症认知功能缺陷的治疗提供新的治疗途径,改善患者的功能及预后.     

高频重复经颅磁刺激治疗精神分裂症强迫症状对照研究

目的探讨高频率10 Hz重复经颅磁刺激(repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,rTMS)治疗精神分裂症强迫症状的疗效和安全性。方法选择伴强迫症状的精神分裂症患者共60例,按随机数字表法分为两组,每组30例。在原抗精神病药基础上,研究组予以10 Hz rTMS联合舍曲林治疗,对照组口服舍曲林治疗,观察4周。采用阳性与阴性症状量表(positive and negative syndrome scale,PANSS)和耶鲁—布朗强迫量表(Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive scale,Y-BOCS)评估疗效,并对不良反应发生情况进行记录。结果治疗前两组间PANSS和Y-BOCS评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗4周后,研究组PANSS总分、PANSS阴性因子分较治疗前下降(P0.05);对照组治疗前后PANSS总分差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后研究组PANSS阴性因子分较对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗4周后,两组Y-BOCS评分较治疗前均下降(P0.05),其中研究组Y-BOCS评分更低于对照组(P0.05)。研究期间,两组不良反应轻微,不良反应发生率组间无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论 rTMS联合舍曲林治疗精神分裂症强迫症状的疗效优于单用舍曲林治疗,rTMS治疗还可以改善精神分裂患者的阴性症状以及一般精神病理症状,且安全性好。     

重复经颅磁刺激治疗抑郁症的临床研究进展

重复经颅磁刺激(repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,rTMS)是一种新型无创性物理治疗技术,目前广泛用于抑郁症的临床研究和治疗中,本文就这一技术在押郁症中的应用近况作一综述.     

Cost-utility analysis of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation as add-on therapy to standard care for the treatment of hallucinations in schizophrenia

BackgroundThis research evaluates the cost-effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as add-on therapy to standard care for adults with schizophrenia from an Australian health system perspective.MethodsA Markov model estimated costs in 2021 Australian dollars and Disability-Adjusted Life-Years (DALYs) averted with rTMS added to standard care compared to standard care alone over 12-months for adults aged 25–65 years with hallucinations in schizophrenia refractory to other therapies. rTMS effect size was sourced from a meta-analysis and converted to a relative risk using the Cochrane conversion method. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis evaluated uncertainty in effect size and disability weights. One-way sensitivity analyses varied rTMS session cost and effectiveness, time horizon and inpatient costs.ResultsThe base-case average incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was $87,310/DALY averted (95% UI: $10,157–$97,877). Reducing rTMS session cost to $100 lowered the ICER to $9,127/DALY (95% UI: Dominant–$50,699). A 4-year time horizon resulted in rTMS being less costly and more effective (Dominant) than standard care. Decreasing the 3-month probability of relapse with rTMS to 4.6% resulted in a 71% probability of rTMS being cost-effective.ConclusionsUsing a threshold of $50,000/ DALY averted, rTMS as add-on therapy to standard care for the treatment of refractory hallucinations in schizophrenia would not be considered a cost-effective treatment option compared to standard care alone. However, given the refractory nature of this condition and the relatively small size of this population, it may be reasonable for decision-makers to adopt a higher ICER threshold.     

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for auditory hallucinations treatment in refractory schizophrenic patients

Background. The use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) remains a promising therapeutic tool in the treatment of schizophrenia. Symptoms such as auditory hallucinations (AH) find contradictory results in many studies. Here we present an up-to-date systematic review and meta-analysis of rTMS in the treatment of AH in schizophrenia. Methods. We searched Pubmed-MEDLINE from 1999 to 2013 for double-blinded randomized sham-controlled trials that applied slow rTMS on the left temporoparietal cortex and assessed the outcome results using Hallucination Change Scale or Auditory Hallucination Rating Scale or Scale for Auditory Hallucinations (SAH). We identified 10 studies suitable for the meta-analysis. Results. We found a positive sized effect in favor of rTMS [random-effects model Hedges’ g = 0.011, I-squared = 58.1%]. There was some variability between study effect sizes, but the sensitivity analysis concluded that none of them had sufficient weight to singularly alter the results of our meta-analysis. Discussion. rTMS appears to be an effective treatment for AH. The left temporoparietal cortex seems to be the area in which rTMS is effective. Although meta-analysis is a powerful analytical tool, more studies must be conducted in order to obtain a more expressive sample size to perform a more accurate analytical approach.     

Cerebral blood flow identifies responders to transcranial magnetic stimulation in auditory verbal hallucinations

Auditory hallucinations comprise a critical domain of psychopathology in schizophrenia. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has shown promise as an intervention with both positive and negative reports. The aim of this study was to test resting-brain perfusion before treatment as a possible biological marker of response to repetitive TMS. Twenty-four medicated patients underwent resting-brain perfusion magnetic resonance imaging with arterial spin labeling (ASL) before 10 days of repetitive TMS treatment. Response was defined as a reduction in the hallucination change scale of at least 50%. Responders (n=9) were robustly differentiated from nonresponders (n=15) to repetitive TMS by the higher regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the left superior temporal gyrus (STG) (P<0.05, corrected) before treatment. Resting-brain perfusion in the left STG predicted the response to repetitive TMS in this study sample, suggesting this parameter as a possible bio-marker of response in patients with schizophrenia and auditory hallucinations. Being noninvasive and relatively easy to use, resting perfusion measurement before treatment might be a clinically relevant way to identify possible responders and nonresponders to repetitive TMS.     

重复经颅磁刺激治疗药物难治性癫痫的临床研究进展

经颅磁刺激(TMS)可导致细胞膜去极化并激活神经元,能够短暂地兴奋或抑制特定脑区.重复TMS(rTMS)指具有不同频率或强度的重复脉冲刺激,其作用效果在刺激结束后依然持续,已经广泛用于治疗多种神经精神疾病.目前认为低频rTMS能够抑制癫痫活动从而导致局灶性癫痫发作频率降低,但多项rTMS治疗药物难治性癫痫的临床研究结果...     

Temporoparietal transcranial magnetic stimulation for auditory hallucinations: safety, efficacy and moderators in a fifty patient sample.

BACKGROUND: Auditory hallucinations are often resistant to treatment and can produce significant distress and behavioral difficulties. A preliminary report based on 24 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder indicated greater improvement in auditory hallucinations following 1-hertz left temporoparietal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) compared to sham stimulation. Data from the full 50-subject sample incorporating 26 new patients are now presented to more comprehensively assess safety/tolerability, efficacy and moderators of this intervention. METHODS: Right-handed patients experiencing auditory hallucinations at least 5 times per day were randomly allocated to receive either rTMS or sham stimulation. A total of 132 minutes of rTMS was administered over 9 days at 90% motor threshold using a double-masked, sham-controlled, parallel design. RESULTS: Hallucination Change Score was more improved for rTMS relative to sham stimulation (p = .008) as was the Clinical Global Impressions Scale (p = .0004). Hallucination frequency was significantly decreased during rTMS relative to sham stimulation (p = .0014) and was a moderator of rTMS effects (p = .008). There was no evidence of neurocognitive impairment associated with rTMS. CONCLUSIONS: Left temporoparietal 1-hertz rTMS warrants further study as an intervention for auditory hallucinations. Data suggest that this intervention selectively alters neurobiological factors determining frequency of these hallucinations.     

Low-frequency rTMS induces modifications in cortical structural connectivity - functional connectivity coupling in schizophrenia patients with auditory verbal hallucinations

Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) are distinctive clinical manifestations of schizophrenia. While low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has demonstrated potential in mitigating AVH, the precise mechanisms by which it operates remain obscure. This study aimed to investigate alternations in structural connectivity and functional connectivity (SC-FC) coupling among schizophrenia patients with AVH prior to and following treatment with 1 Hz rTMS that specifically targets the left temporoparietal junction. Initially, patients exhibited significantly reduced macroscopic whole brain level SC-FC coupling compared to healthy controls. Notably, SC-FC coupling increased significantly across multiple networks, including the somatomotor, dorsal attention, ventral attention, frontoparietal control, and default mode networks, following rTMS treatment. Significant alternations in SC-FC coupling were noted in critical nodes comprising the somatomotor network and the default mode network, such as the precentral gyrus and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, respectively. The alternations in SC-FC coupling exhibited a correlation with the amelioration of clinical symptom. The results of our study illuminate the intricate relationship between white matter structures and neuronal activity in patients who are receiving low-frequency rTMS. This advances our understanding of the foundational mechanisms underlying rTMS treatment for AVH.     

重复经颅磁刺激治疗迟发性运动障碍患者的疗效观察

目的:观察重复经颅磁刺激( rTMS)对慢性精神分裂症迟发性运动障碍(TD)患者的治疗效果.方法:运用rTMS对36例慢性精神分裂症TD患者进行治疗,共12周,用异常不自主运动量表( AIMS)评估. 结果:rTMS对TD患者的显效率为56.5％,治疗后AIMS评分显著下降[基线(9.1±2.8)分,治疗以后(3.4±...     

Clinical application of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in stroke rehabilitation

Proper stimulation to affected cerebral hemisphere would promote the functional recovery of patients with stroke. Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on cortical excitability can be can be altered by the stimulation frequency, intensity and duration. There has been no consistent recognition regarding the best stimulation frequency and intensity. This study reviews the intervention effects of repetitive transcranial stimulation on motor impairment, dysphagia, visuospatial neglect and aphasia, and summarizes the stimulation frequency, intensity and area for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to yield the best therapeutic effects.