精神科医生职业倦怠及相关因素分析

目的探讨精神科医生职业倦怠的相关因素及特点。方法随机抽取精神科医师及其他内科医师各55名,采用职业倦怠调查量表进行调查,对调查结果进行总结分析。结果精神科医师成就感平均得分明显低于其他内科医师,情绪衰竭、玩世不恭等平均得分明显高于其他内科医师,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);精神科医师年龄、性别、学历、婚姻等一般因素在职业倦怠MBI-GS评分中无明显差异,收入、家庭、人际、健康等满意度情况满意度与职业倦怠关系较为密切。结论精神科医生职业倦怠较其他内科医生更为严重,其职业倦怠与收入、家庭、人际、健康等因素密切相关。     

精神科医生的职业倦怠与三维人格特征的相关性研究

目的了解精神科医生的职业倦怠程度与三维人格特征的相关性,为精神科医生职业倦怠的干预提供理论依据。方法采用问卷调查法对四川省成都市某医院75名精神科医生的职业倦怠状况和三维人格特征进行分析。结果情绪衰竭与HA1、HA4因子和HA维度呈正相关,与RD1、RD3因子和RD维度呈负相关;玩世不恭与HA3、HA4因子和HA维度呈负相关;成就感低与HA1、HA4因子和HA维度呈负相关;成就感低与HA1、HA4因子和HA维度呈正相关（P〈0．05）。结论临床精神科医生的职业倦怠与其三维人格特征的特定维度和因子有关,可采取相应的措施进行干预。     

苏州市交通警察职业倦怠及影响因素的调查

目的 了解苏州市交通警察的职业倦怠水平,探索影响交通警察职业倦怠的相关因素。方法 采用随机整群抽样法,使用Maslach工作倦怠普适量表（MBIGS）、36项健康状况调查问卷（sF36）对140名交通警察进行调查。结果 （1）交通警察职业倦怠量表的情绪衰竭、玩世不恭、成就感低落3个维度平均得分分别为（1．95±0．15）,（1．39±0．13）,（3．68±0．17）分,处于中低水平。（2）情绪衰竭与健康变化、躯体疼痛呈正相关,与生理职能、情感职能、精力、年龄呈负相关（r为-0．53～0．56,P〈0．05）。玩世不恭与健康变化、躯体疼痛呈正相关,与生理功能、生理职能、情感职能及社会功能负相关（r为-0．34～0．38,P〈0．05）。成就感低落与一般健康状况、健康变化、情感职能、精力、精神健康呈正相关（0．06～0．22,P〈0．05）。（3）多元逐步回归分析显示：玩世不恭、年龄、成就感低落3个因素能有效预测交通警察的情绪衰竭程度（P〈0．05）。情绪衰竭、成就感低落两个因素能有效预测交通警察玩世不恭程度（P〈0．05）。职务1个因素能有效预测交通警察成就感低落程度（P〈0．05）。结论 交通警察职业倦怠水平不高,预防交通警察职业倦怠仍需持续关注。     

精神科护士职业倦怠与角色认知、工作满足感相关性调查分析

目的探讨精神科护士职业倦怠与角色认知、工作满足感的关系。方法采用护士职业倦怠量表、角色认知量表、工作满足感量表对201名精神科护士进行问卷调查。结果（1）精神科护士职业倦怠问卷的情绪耗竭因子、去人格化因子得分为中度耗竭、低个人成就感因子得分高度耗竭。（2）护士情绪耗竭、去人格化与角色冲突呈正相关（r=0．356，r=0．372，P〈0．01）；与角色模糊及工作满足感呈负相关；个人成就感与角色模糊、工作满足感呈正相关，与角色冲突呈负相关。（3）多元回归分析，角色冲突、工作满足感是主要预测因子。结论精神科护士职业倦怠与角色认知、工作满足感有关，充分提高个体的角色认知能力和工作成就感，可以作为预防精神科护士职业倦怠的一个有效策略。     

精神科护士职业倦怠与工作压力的相关性

目的了解精神科护士职业倦怠和工作压力的现状,并探讨两者的关系,为认识工作压力和降低职业倦怠感、提高护士的工作效率及护理质量提供参考。方法采用便利抽样法抽取广州市某三甲精神病专科医院的137名护士,采用护士工作压力源量表、Maslach职业倦怠问卷通用版(MBI-GS)进行调查。结果共67名精神科护士检出职业倦怠,检出率为48.91%。从各维度的检出情况看,情感耗竭维度检出率最高,有56人(40.88%),其次为低成就感47人(34.31%)和人格解体45人(32.85%),情感耗竭评分[(22.80±13.68)分]和成就感评分[(29.04±1.22)分]均高于常模,差异均有统计学意义(t=12.54、3.23,P均0.05);工作压力的各子条目评分为(3.04±1.09)分,为中等压力水平。护士工作压力与职业倦怠的情感耗竭、成就感低和人格解体三个维度评分均呈正相关(r=0.608,0.566,0.451)。结论精神科护士的职业倦怠较严重,工作压力与职业倦怠密切相关。     

护理人员情绪智力特征对职业倦怠的影响

目的研究护理人员情绪智力与职业倦怠之间的关系。方法采用工作倦怠问卷（MBI）和情绪智力量表（EIS）对442名护士进行问卷调查,回收有效问卷393份。结果护理人员情绪智力总分为（62．01±13．72）分,其各维度得分均处于中等偏上水平。不同护龄的护理人员在职业倦怠的情绪枯竭和个人成就感维度上的差异具有统计学意义。职业倦怠与情绪智力之间存在相关性,其中情绪枯竭和去人格化倾向维度与情绪智力各维度均呈负相关（P〈0．05）,个人成就感维度与情绪智力各维度呈正相关（P〈0．01）;情绪智力对职业倦怠有一定的负向预测作用。结论提高护理人员情绪智力可以在一定程度上降低其职业倦怠水平。     

精神科医护人员职业倦怠国内外研究进展

精神科医护人员的职业倦怠程度与职业素养、工作态度、医疗行为紧密关联，直接影响精 神卫生工作的开展。现对近 10 余年来国内外精神科医护人员职业倦怠的研究进行综述，结果显示精神 科医护人员职业倦怠整体情况不容乐观；现有研究多集中在不同人口学因素和组织因素对职业倦怠的 影响，今后应编制针对性更强的调查量表，探索减轻职业倦怠的具体策略及其转归。     

精神科护士职业倦怠现状调查分析

目的 探讨精神科护士的职业倦怠现状,为提高该群体的心理健康水平提供理论依据.方法 对192名精神科护士采用一般情况问卷、职业倦怠量表进行调查.结果 职业倦怠各维度得分由高到低依次是成就感低、情绪耗竭和人格解体;情绪衰竭维度在不同的年龄、婚姻状况和工作年限上的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);多元回归分析结果显示,情绪衰竭的主要影响因素是工作年限、年龄,人格解体的主要影响因素是工作年限,成就感低落的主要影响因素是婚姻状况,总倦怠的主要影响因素是婚姻状况.结论 精神科护士的职业倦怠处于中等偏上水平,且影响因素较多,应该受到关注.     

躯体疾病患者绝望水平及与神经质人格、社会支持的关系

目的 了解躯体疾病患者绝望感水平以及与神经质人格、领悟社会支持之间的关系.方法 随机取样,使用自编一般资料问卷、大五人格-神经质问卷、领悟社会支持量表和贝克绝望量表对湖南某综合医院664例住院患者进行调查.结果 不同发病情况的躯体疾病患者在绝望感总分及各因子分上差异有统计学意义;不同病情严重程度的患者在绝望感总分及动机的丧失上差异有统计学意义.躯体疾病患者绝望感与神经质人格呈正相关,与领悟社会支持总分及各维度均呈负相关.神经质人格及领悟社会支持对躯体疾病患者绝望感均具有预测作用.领悟社会支持在神经质人格与躯体疾病患者绝望感之间起中介作用.结论 神经质人格既直接影响躯体疾病患者绝望感同时又通过领悟社会支持对其产生间接影响.     

医护人员职业倦怠状况调查

目的了解临床医护人员的职业倦怠状况,为预防和干预职业倦怠提供科学依据。方法采用职业倦怠调查问卷对崇州市三家医院的临床医护人员进行横断面调查。结果情感耗竭维度:女性高于男性[(24.74±7.25)vs.(21.97±7.43)],医生高于护士[(23.58±7.45)vs.(20.26±7.14)],低职称高于高职称[(22.76±7.43)vs.(18.15±7.18)],低学历高于高学历[(22.62±7.26)vs.(18.97±7.48)];成就感降低维度:男性高于女性[(25.48±5.24)vs.(23.50±5.10)],已婚高于未婚[(21.71±4.73)vs.(24.80±5.12)],医生高于护士[(25.74±5.39)vs.(22.75±4.70)],高职称高于低职称[(28.05±6.08)vs.(22.35±4.86)]、高学历高于低学历[(25.36±5.28)vs.(22.45±6.60)],均差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或0.01);人格解体维度:各变量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论医护人员的职业倦怠水平随人口学特征的不同而有差异,女性、医生、未婚、低职称、低学历的医务人员是预防和干预的重点人群。     

护士职业压力与职业倦怠的调查研究

目的1、调查护士在工作中面临的职业压力与工作倦怠程度；2、研究职业压力对工作倦怠的影响。方法采用问卷调查法,对贵州省贵阳市多所医院173名护士的职业压力与工作倦怠状况进行调查分析。结果1、被试的职业压力处于中度水平；2、被试的情感枯竭程度中等,冷漠程度较轻,职业效能感较高。3、被试的职业压力与情感枯竭、冷漠显著正相关。结论职业压力是情感枯竭的一个有效的预测因子,情感枯竭达到一定程度会导致冷漠,冷漠最终将使得职业效能感减退。     

Burnout in nursing staff: is there a relationship between depression and burnout?

OBJECTIVE: There is evidence that burnout may be a clinical entity with pathological stress reaction features related to the inability in finding pleasure from work. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between burnout and depression. METHODS: The study took place in the general hospital AHEPA of Thessaloniki. All members of the nursing staff (in total 368 subjects) took part. The protocol was self-reported and anonymous, in order to obtain as valid data as possible and included the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) to assess the level of burnout, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) to assess personality traits, and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale to assess depressive symptomatology. RESULTS: The analysis revealed a weak but significant relationship between burnout and depression. CONCLUSIONS: Depression is a pervasive disorder that affects almost every aspect of the patient's life. On the contrary, burnout is, by definition, a syndrome restricted to the patient's professional environment. However, it seems that there may be two distinct types of burnout syndromes, of which the one comprising the majority of nurses has little or no common features with depression. The second type consists of individuals with a predisposition to develop burnout. The latter is characterized by more severe symptomatology, phenotypic similarity to depression and presumably common etiological mechanisms.     

The Impact of Ongoing National Terror on the Community of Hospital Nurses in Israel

The main goal of this study was to explore the connections between the exposure of nurses in Israel to national terror and the levels of distress experienced due to ongoing terror attacks. The data were collected from 214 nurses from various parts of Israel who work in three types of heath services (mainly hospital departments) and provide help to victims of terror. The nurses reported very high levels of burnout, high levels of stress and medium-to high levels of intrusive memories. Levels of exposure were associated with burnout, intrusive memories and level of stress. More professional attention should be given to hospital nurses who provide care for trauma patients.     

Psychometric properties of the ‘Spanish Burnout Inventory’ among employees working with people with intellectual disability

Background Burnout has been recognised as an important stress‐related problem for employees working with people with intellectual disability. Researchers have been troubled by some of the psychometric limitations of the questionnaires developed to evaluate burnout. This study was designed to assess the psychometric properties of the Spanish Burnout Inventory. Method The sample consisted of 697 Spanish employees working in intellectual disability services. The instrument is composed of 20 items distributed in four dimensions: Enthusiasm towards the job, Psychological exhaustion, Indolence and Guilt. The psychometric properties were examined through the following analyses: confirmatory factor analysis and reliability. To assess the factorial validity of the Spanish Burnout Inventory, four alternative models were tested. Results The four‐factor model obtained an adequate data fit for the sample. The four sub‐scales exhibited high reliability, with Cronbach alphas exceeding the critical value of 0.70. Conclusions This study provides evidence showing the adequate psychometric properties of an alternative burnout measure that could facilitate the diagnosis of individuals with burnout. It recommends taking feelings of guilt into consideration in interventions designed to improve staff burnout.     

Burnout among health service providers

Conditions believed to produce burnout are examined empirically with the Gillespie-Numerof Burnout Inventory (GNBI) in a sample of 154 health service professionals. The GNBI was administered in a 205-bed, religious-affiliated general hospital located in a major midwestern city. Findings indicate that burnout is inversely related to two job characteristics: degree of formalization and perceived adequacy of communication with supervisor; and burnout is related inversely to three provider characteristics: age, marital status, and years of experience in present position. Age of the provider and communication with supervisor are strongly related to burnout.     

Differences in psychological effects in hospital doctors with and without post-traumatic stress disorder

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can reduce performance. The association between PTSD and other psychopathologies among hospital doctors was examined using self-report questionnaires during a wave of suicide bombing in Jerusalem. Thirty-three doctors with PTSD symptoms and 155 without were compared on coping, burnout and acceptance of treatment. Doctors with PTSD symptoms demonstrated significantly more anxiety, depression, negative coping strategies and burnout. Hospital doctors who develop PTSD symptoms suffer greater burnout and manifest negative coping strategies but are reluctant to receive treatment.     

新冠肺炎疫情期间医疗机构工作人员心理健康状况及与职业倦怠的关系

目的:探究新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间医疗机构工作人员的心理健康状况及与职业倦怠的关系。方法:采用现况研究方法于2020年2月25日至3月25日对宁夏医疗机构工作人员进行问卷调查,包括自编一般情况调查表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)、安全感量表(SQ)、一般自我效能感量表(GSES)、自尊量表(SES)和职业倦怠量表(MBI)。结果:疫情期间医疗机构工作人员睡眠障碍、抑郁症状、焦虑症状及职业倦怠的检出率分别为72.8%、34.6%、22.2%及54.3%。无序多分类Logistic回归分析显示,有抑郁症状、消极应对、低自我效能感、自尊水平低者更易出现轻度职业倦怠;援鄂一线医务人员、有睡眠障碍、抑郁症状、消极应对、自尊水平低者更易出现中重度职业倦怠(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:新冠肺炎疫情期间医疗机构工作人员心理问题发生频率较高,有抑郁症状、消极应对、低自我效能感、自尊水平低以及援鄂一线医务人员是职业倦怠影响因素。     

Secrets to psychological success: Why older doctors might have lower psychological distress and burnout than younger doctors

Background: Doctors have long been exposed to situations that can induce psychological distress. Long hours, little acknowledgement, poor sleep and high-stress work environments all contribute to making doctors prone to psychological distress and burnout, which have been much studied in younger doctors, but less so in older doctors. Little is known about whether there are differences in psychological distress among different age groups of doctors.

Methods: Doctors (n = 158) were recruited from in and around the St George Hospital, a major teaching hospital in Sydney, Australia. Participants completed a self-report questionnaire, comprising the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and Kessler 10 Psychological Distress Scale. Demographic details were collected. A subsample (n = 51) completed a semi-structured interview about issues related to burnout. These data were subjected to qualitative analysis.

Results: Older doctors and doctors with more years of experience had significantly lower scores on MBI subscales of Depersonalization and Emotional exhaustion, and K-10 measured psychological distress. Aspects of working conditions such as being in private practice were associated with increased scores on MBI subscales of Personal accomplishment, and lower scores on MBI subscales of Emotional exhaustion and Depersonalization, and K-10 measured psychological distress. Older doctors more frequently worked in private practice. These quantitative findings were supported by the qualitative data that suggested that older doctors perceived that they experienced less psychological distress compared with earlier in their careers, which they attributed to the development of protective defences in their relationship with patients and the liberation afforded by accumulation of experience and changed work conditions.

Conclusions: Findings from this study suggest that older, more experienced doctors report lower psychological distress and burnout than younger doctors which the older doctors attributed to lessons learned over their years of training and practice. It may be of considerable value to find ways to more efficiently pass on these lessons to younger doctors to aid them in dealing with this challenging profession. By soliciting older doctors to aid in this transfer of knowledge, this approach may also have the added benefit of assisting older doctors in transitioning from an active clinical practice to a role of mentoring the new physician cohort.     

精神科与综合医院医生心理防御机制对照研究

目的：探讨精神科医生与综合医院医生心理防御方式的特点及差异。方法：随机抽取60名精神科医生和60名综合医院医生进行防御方式问卷（DSQ）调查。结果：两组应用最多的防御机制均为成熟防御机制，不成熟防御机制应用最少；综合医院医生较多使用中间型防御机制，两组比较差异非常显著（P〈0．01）。结论：与精神科医生相比，综合医院医生较多使用中间型防御机制，二者之间的差异主要在于女性。     

Burnout and job satisfaction in New Zealand psychiatrists: a national study

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of burnout and the level of job satisfaction among New Zealand psychiatrists, and to ascertain relationships between socio-demographic variables, job satisfaction and burnout in the target population. METHOD: In phase one of the study a postal survey was mailed out to every practising psychiatrist on record as well as all doctors working in psychiatry without specialist qualifications (MOSS). Three questionnaires were used: a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and a Job Diagnostic Survey (JSS). Regression analysis was performed on returned data sets using socio-demographic characteristics as explanatory variables and score components of the MBI and JDS as the outcome measures. RESULTS: The results showed that the prevalence of burnout in New Zealand psychiatrists is cause for concern. Two-thirds of all psychiatrists described moderate to severely high levels of emotional exhaustion, with a similar proportion describing low levels of personal accomplishment. Depersonalisation did not appear to be a major problem in the population. Job satisfaction remained relatively high despite the high prevalence of burnout, although there was a relationship between burnout and job satisfaction scores. CONCLUSIONS: This study has demonstrated a high prevalence of burnout and factors associated with it among New Zealand psychiatrists. Further research is needed to ascertain why job satisfaction remains high in the presence of burnout, and factors predisposing to, or protective of, burnout.