定制肿瘤型关节假体髓外柄断裂的有限翻修技术

 目的 介绍定制肿瘤型关节假体髓外柄断裂的有限翻修方法,并评价其临床应用效果。方法 3例患者行定制肿瘤型关节假体置换术后发生假体髓外柄断裂,男2例,女1例;年龄分别为25岁、51岁和52岁。原发肿瘤部位及病理组织学类型分别为股骨远端骨肉瘤、股骨远端复发性骨巨细胞瘤及股骨近端软骨肉瘤。假体髓外柄断裂分别发生于术后11个月、34个月和28个月,均无明显外伤史,为行走时发生假体断裂。假体断裂处位于股骨远端假体髓外柄结合部和股骨近端假体的股骨颈基底部。依据假体断裂后髓内柄固定牢固及髓外柄残留足够长度的情况,为避免常规翻修手术中较困难的原假体髓内柄及骨水泥取出,设计了股骨近端和远端翻修假体进行有限翻修,该翻修假体由套筒部和关节部组成,材质及关节部外形与原假体相同,翻修时保留原假体髓内柄,将翻修假体套接于残留的髓外柄,骨水泥及挤压螺钉固定,同时更换磨损的配件,从而完成有限翻修。术后常规功能锻炼,定期随访观察翻修假体稳定性及肢体功能恢复情况。结果 3例患者假体断裂原因为股骨远端假体髓外柄结合部、股骨近端假体股骨颈基底部疲劳断裂各1例,股骨远端假体髓外柄结合部松动、锁钉断裂1例。翻修术后分别随访1个月、103个月和110个月,1例骨巨细胞瘤患者发生软组织内肿瘤复发而再行肿瘤切除术。至末次随访时,3例患者翻修假体固定牢固、无松动。MSTS评分肢体功能评分分别为66.7%、86.7%和83.3%。结论 定制肿瘤型关节假体由于疲劳或结构失效可发生断裂,套接式翻修假体可保留固定牢固的原假体髓内柄而行有限翻修,降低了手术难度,有利于肢体功能的尽快恢复。     

Modular megaprosthesis for proximal femoral tumors

Fifteen patients with proximal femoral tumors had resection and limb salvage with an uncemented Kotz (HMRS) megaprosthesis. There were five osteosarcomas, four chondrosarcomas, one hemangioendothelioma, three fibrosarcomas, and two Ewing's sarcomas. The mean follow-up was 6.7 (range 3-10) years. Two patients died of causes not related to the prosthesis. The postoperative Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score (MSTS) score was 19 (range 12-26) for the remaining 13 patients. There were one aseptic loosening, two infections, and one local recurrence. The most frequent complication was hip dislocation at 20%. Reconstruction of proximal femoral tumors with a modular megaprosthesis is a good procedure, but hip instability remains a major problem.     

Segmental proximal femoral bone loss and revision total hip replacement in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip: the role of allograft prosthesis composite

The treatment of substantial proximal femoral bone loss in young patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is challenging. We retrospectively analysed the outcome of 28 patients (30 hips) with DDH who underwent revision total hip replacement (THR) in the presence of a deficient proximal femur, which was reconstructed with an allograft prosthetic composite. The mean follow-up was 15 years (8.5 to 25.5). The mean number of previous THRs was three (1 to 8). The mean age at primary THR and at the index reconstruction was 41 years (18 to 61) and 58.1 years (32 to 72), respectively. The indication for revision included mechanical loosening in 24 hips, infection in three and peri-prosthetic fracture in three. Six patients required removal and replacement of the allograft prosthetic composite, five for mechanical loosening and one for infection. The survivorship at ten, 15 and 20 years was 93% (95% confidence interval (CI) 91 to 100), 75.5% (95% CI 60 to 95) and 75.5% (95% CI 60 to 95), respectively, with 25, eight, and four patients at risk, respectively. Additionally, two junctional nonunions between the allograft and host femur required bone grafting and plating. An allograft prosthetic composite affords a good long-term outcome in the management of proximal femoral bone loss in revision THR in patients with DDH, while preserving distal host bone.     

Good performance of a titanium femoral component in cementless hip arthroplasty in younger patients

We performed 97 uncemented primary total hip arthroplasties in 80 patients having an average age of 50 years. The femoral implant was a titanium stem with a proximal circumferential plasma spray-coating. Three different acetabular components were used: a threaded and partly porous-coated design in 70% of the cases. The average follow-up period was 8 years. 1 stem was revised 9 years after insertion due to a comminuted fracture of the proximal femur, 1 stem was revised 9 years after insertion due to a deep infection. No stem revisions were due to aseptic loosening. 1 femora had areas of distal osteolysis associated with a deep infection, but no signs of proximal loosening. 3 femora had areas of minor proximal osteolysis. 16 acetabular components (14 threaded) had been revised in 13 patients. The average Harris hip score was 91 points at the latest follow-up We conclude that the uncemented titanium femoral component with a circumferential porous coating performed well in these patients, most of whom were young. As reported previously, aseptic loosening of threaded acetabular components was common.     

Good performance of a titanium femoral component in cementless hip arthroplasty in younger patients: 97 arthroplasties followed for 5-11 years

We performed 97 uncemented primary total hip arthroplasties in 80 patients having an average age of 50 years. The femoral implant was a titanium stem with a proximal circumferential plasma spray-coating. Three different acetabular components were used: a threaded and partly porous-coated design in 70% of the cases. The average follow-up period was 8 years. 1 stem was revised 9 years after insertion due to a comminuted fracture of the proximal femur, 1 stem was revised 9 years after insertion due to a deep infection. No stem revisions were due to aseptic loosening. 1 femora had areas of distal osteolysis associated with a deep infection, but no signs of proximal loosening. 3 femora had areas of minor proximal osteolysis. 16 acetabular components (14 threaded) had been revised in 13 patients. The average Harris hip score was 91 points at the latest follow-up. We conclude that the uncemented titanium femoral component with a circumferential porous coating performed well in these patients, most of whom were young. As reported previously, aseptic loosening of threaded acetabular components was common.     

Good performance of a titanium femoral component in cementless hip arthroplasty in younger patients97 arthroplasties followed for 5-11 years

We performed 97 uncemented primary total hip arthroplasties in 80 patients having an average age of 50 years. The femoral implant was a titanium stem with a proximal circumferential plasma spray-coating. Three different acetabular components were used: a threaded and partly porous-coated design in 70% of the cases. The average follow-up period was 8 years. 1 stem was revised 9 years after insertion due to a comminuted fracture of the proximal femur, 1 stem was revised 9 years after insertion due to a deep infection. No stem revisions were due to aseptic loosening. 1 femora had areas of distal osteolysis associated with a deep infection, but no signs of proximal loosening. 3 femora had areas of minor proximal osteolysis. 16 acetabular components (14 threaded) had been revised in 13 patients. The average Harris hip score was 91 points at the latest follow-up We conclude that the uncemented titanium femoral component with a circumferential porous coating performed well in these patients, most of whom were young. As reported previously, aseptic loosening of threaded acetabular components was common.     

肿瘤型假体无菌性松动翻修术后疗效观察

目的探讨采用普通长柄假体或同种异体骨假体复合物(allograft-prosthesis composite,APC)翻修治疗肿瘤型假体无菌性松动的疗效。方法 2002年1月-2008年6月,收治14例肿瘤型假体无菌性松动患者。男8例,女6例;年龄21～70岁,平均43.9岁。肿瘤部位:股骨远端8例,股骨近端2例,胫骨近端4例。假体置换术后6～31年出现患肢疼痛,负重和行走时加重;6例出现患肢短缩畸形。术前参照美国骨与软组织肿瘤协会(MSTS)功能评分系统行关节功能评分为(16.36±1.50)分。X线片检查见假体明显松动和下沉。出现症状至入院时间为3～9年,平均4.5年。7例骨量严重丢失(骨皮质厚度减少>50%)、假体下沉>2 cm、假体穿破骨皮质或即将穿破骨皮质者采用APC翻修;7例骨量丢失不严重(骨皮质厚度减少<50%)者,采用订制普通长柄假体翻修。结果患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合;2例出现腓总神经一过性麻木,对症治疗后3个月内恢复。患者术后均获随访,随访时间2年2个月～7年,平均3.6年。翻修术后患者术前疼痛症状均缓解,关节功能改善。术后12个月MSTS功能评分为(23.43±2.56)分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=8.910,P=0.024)。X线片检查示,术后12个月2例采用普通长柄假体翻修患者出现骨水泥周围无症状透亮线,无假体松动和周围感染等并发症;其余患者未见明显异常。结论肿瘤型假体无菌性松动后再次行翻修重建肢体功能可行,根据患者骨量丢失情况选择APC或普通长柄假体翻修,可获较好疗效。     

Clinical and radiological evaluation of revision hip arthroplasty using the cement-in-cement technique

We reviewed 44 consecutive revision hip replacements in 38 patients performed using the cement-in-cement technique. All were performed for acetabular loosening in the presence of a well-fixed femoral component. The mean follow-up was 5.1 years (2 to 10.1). Radiological analysis at final follow-up indicated no loosening of the femoral component, except for one case with a continuous radiolucent line in all zones and peri-prosthetic fracture which required further revision. Peri-operative complications included nine proximal femoral fractures (20.4%) and perforation of the proximal femur in one hip. In five hips wiring or fixation with a braided suture was undertaken but no additional augmentation was required. There was an improvement in the mean Japanese Orthopaedic Association score from 55.5 (28 to 81) pre-operatively to 77.8 (40 to 95) at final follow-up (p < 0.001). Revision using a cement-in-cement technique allows increased exposure for acetabular revision and is effective in the medium term. Further follow-up is required to assess the long-term results in the light of in vitro studies which have questioned the quality of the cement-in-cement bond.     

Cementless total hip arthroplasty in patients with high congenital hip dislocation

BACKGROUND: The optimal surgical treatment for patients with high congenital dislocation of the hip remains controversial. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the mid-term to long-term results of cementless total hip arthroplasty in such patients. METHODS: The study included sixty-eight total hip replacements performed between 1989 and 1994 in fifty-six consecutive patients with high congenital hip dislocation at our hospital. The cup was placed at the level of the true acetabulum, and a shortening osteotomy of the proximal part of the femur and distal advancement of the greater trochanter were performed in 90% of the hips. At the time of final follow-up, at a mean of 12.3 years postoperatively, fifty-two patients (sixty-four hips) were evaluated by us with a physical examination, determination of Harris hip scores, and radiographs. RESULTS: The mean Harris hip score increased from 54 points preoperatively to 84 points at the time of final follow-up (p < 0.001). There was a negative Trendelenburg sign in fifty-nine (92%) of the sixty-four hips. There were thirteen perioperative complications (19%): three peroneal nerve palsies, one femoral nerve palsy, one superior gluteal nerve palsy, four nondisplaced fractures of the proximal part of the femur, one malpositioned stem perforating the posteromedial cortex of the femur, one superficial wound infection, and two early dislocations. With revision because of aseptic loosening as the end point, the ten-year survival rate for press-fit, porous-coated acetabular components was 94.9% (95% confidence interval, 89.3% to 100%). Eight of nine threaded acetabular components were revised, and the ninth was radiographically loose at the time of the last follow-up examination. The rate of survival for the CDH femoral components, with revision because of aseptic loosening as the end point, was 98.4% (95% confidence interval, 96.8% to 100%) at ten years. CONCLUSIONS: Total hip arthroplasty, with placement of the cup at the level of the true acetabulum, distal advancement of the greater trochanter, and femoral shortening osteotomy, can be recommended for patients with high congenital hip dislocation. Complications such as wear, osteolysis, and cup revision were secondary to the suboptimal design of the acetabular components used in this series.     

Custom-Made Cement-Linked Mega Prostheses: A Salvage Solution For Complex Periprosthetic Femoral Fractures

Periprosthetic femoral fractures with long stem implants, poor bone stock and loosening pose a considerable surgical challenge. We describe a reconstruction technique using a custom-made mega-prosthesis, cement-linked to the femoral stem of a well-fixed existing implant. Clinical and radiological outcomes were assessed at our tertiary referral centre. There were 15 patients with a periprosthetic femoral fracture: 5 proximal and 10 distal femoral arthroplasties linked to existing femoral stems. The survival rate was 93.3% at a mean follow-up of 5.3 years (0.5–19.3) with 1 revision. We present a salvage technique with good intermediate-term outcomes for highly selected patients with complex periprosthetic femoral fractures, as another option to conventional fixation methods. Specifically, it allows immediate weight bearing and avoids some of the morbidity of total femoral arthroplasty or amputation.     

Radiographic,Functional, and Oncologic Outcomes of Cemented Modular Proximal Femur Replacement Using the “French Paradox” Technique

BackgroundEndoprostheses are frequently used in the management of tumors involving the proximal femur. Aseptic loosening is a common complication that has been linked to the cementing technique. The “French paradox” is well-known cementing technique in the arthroplasty literature. No previous reports have assessed loosening in proximal femur replacements using this technique. We examined rates of femoral stem aseptic loosening in proximal femur replacements, functional outcomes, complications, and oncologic outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of 47 patients who underwent proximal femur replacement between 2000 and 2019. Two reviewers evaluated preoperative and postoperative radiographs using the International Society of Limb Salvage scoring system and Barrack criteria for stem loosening. The acetabulum was evaluated according to the criteria of Baker et al. Functional outcomes were assessed using Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score and Toronto Extremity Salvage Score. The mean follow-up was 44 months.ResultsThe mean International Society of Limb Salvage scores for the 2 reviewers were 86% ± 6% and 84% ± 6%. The first reviewer graded femoral stem loosening as “possibly loose” in 2 patients, one of whom was graded as possibly loose by the second reviewer. The 2 reviewers found no acetabular erosion in 16 (70%) and 15 (65.4%) patients, respectively. The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score and Toronto Extremity Salvage Score at last follow-up were 61% and 72%, respectively. Twenty complications occurred in 13 patients, and 5 patients experienced local recurrence.ConclusionDespite complications, we showed favorable femoral component survival rates. Cementing the proximal femur prosthesis with tight canal fit and thin cement mantle is a viable option for the short and medium term.Level of EvidenceIII.     

Hydroxyapatite-coated stems with metaphyseal and diaphyseal press-fit. Eleven-year follow-up results

We report the 11-year follow-up results of 52 unilateral primary hip arthroplasties performed with hydroxyapatite-coated stems. The femoral prosthesis used was a collarless titanium alloy implant, with proximal circumferential hydroxyapatite coating and increased distal thickness to fit the proximal diaphyseal region of the femur. Clinical evaluation was performed using the Merle d'Aubigné Hip Score. Anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were obtained and compared with previous postoperative films. Radiographic evaluation was carried out following Engh's criteria for uncemented implant fixation and using Livermore's method for measurement of polyethylene wear. At the end of the follow-up period, excellent and good clinical results were recorded in 40 arthroplasties (77%). The incidence of thigh pain at one year was 32.7%, but it decreased to 4.2% after the first post-operative year. The 11-year survival rate was 92.3%. Seven arthroplasties were revised because of aseptic loosening of the cup in one case, aseptic loosening of the stem, in one case, septic loosening of the stem in one case, periprosthetic fracture in two cases and polyethylene wear in three cases. Forty-two (87.5%) of the nonrevised stems met the criteria for radiographic osseointegration. Cortical hypertrophy was observed around the mid-part and tip of the stem in 22 patients of the series. This sign tends to be related to thigh pain (p < 0.1). Calcar osteolysis was present in 8 cases. There was only one case of distal femoral osteolysis. We found a strong and significant relationship between long-term wear rates and the occurrence of osteolysis (p < 0.001). We concluded that thigh pain is in relation to the distal diameter of the stems and significantly decreases after the first postoperative year. There was a low incidence of osteolysis in our series in comparison with other series of noncemented implants with 32-mm femoral heads and with similar follow-up.     

Prosthetic replacement of the distal femur for primary bone tumours

Over a 16-year period, 135 custom-made distal femoral prostheses, based on a fully constrained Stanmore-type knee replacement, were used in the treatment of primary malignant or aggressive benign tumours. Survivorship analysis showed a cumulative success rate of 72% at five years and 64% at seven years. Intact prostheses in 91% of the surviving patients gave good or excellent functional results. Deep infection was the major complication, occurring in 6.8% of cases; clinical aseptic loosening occurred in 6.0%. Revision surgery was carried out for loosening and infection, and the early results are encouraging. We conclude that prosthetic replacement of the distal femur can meet the objectives of limb salvage surgery.     

Revision of the Kotz type of tumour endoprosthesis for the lower limb

In 251 patients over a period of 15 years an uncemented Kotz modular femoral and tibial reconstruction mega prosthesis was implanted after resection of a malignant tumour of the lower limb. Twenty-one patients (8.4%) underwent revision for aseptic loosening, again using an uncemented prosthesis, and five of these required a further revision procedure. The median follow-up time from the first revision was 60 months (11 to 168) and after a second revision, 33 months (2 to 50). The probability of a patient avoiding aseptic loosening for ten years was 96% for a proximal femoral, 76% for a distal femoral and 85% for a proximal tibial implant. At the time of follow-up all radiographs were assessed according to the International Symposium of Limb Salvage criteria. The first radiological signs of aseptic loosening were always seen at the most proximal or distal part of the anchorage stem at a mean of 12 months (4 to 23) after the first implantation. Using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score for evaluation, the clinical results showed a mean of 88% of normal function.     

Femoral revision with the Wagner SL revision stem : evaluation of one hundred and twenty-nine revisions followed for a mean of 4.8 years.

BACKGROUND: It is difficult to achieve a successful revision total hip replacement when a patient has severe proximal femoral bone loss. The Wagner SL revision stem has some theoretical advantages, but the durability of this prosthesis is not known. METHODS: We reviewed the results of 129 revisions of the femoral component with a Wagner SL revision stem in 123 patients. The indication for revision was aseptic loosening in ninety-seven hips, periprosthetic fracture in thirteen (one of which also had an infection), and septic loosening in sixteen. In the three remaining hips, a Wagner revision stem was inserted during a second-stage reimplantation after the performance of a Girdlestone resection arthroplasty to treat chronic deep infection. The prerevision defects were classified with the system described by Pak et al. as well as with our system. A functional evaluation of the patients and a survival analysis of the revision stems were performed. RESULTS: The mean duration of follow-up was 4.8 years (range, two months to 11.1 years). Six revision stems required repeat revision. With removal of the stem for any cause or the worst case (removal of the stem for any cause and/or lost to follow-up) as the end point, cumulative survival at 11.1 years was 93.9% and 92.8%, respectively. The mean Merle d'Aubigné score improved from 7.7 points preoperatively to 14.8 points at the latest follow-up examination. The most recent radiographs showed good or excellent restoration of the proximal part of the femur in 113 hips (88%). CONCLUSIONS: Because of the encouraging results of implantation of this femoral component with distal fixation, we will continue to use it in the majority of femoral revisions. However, the need for regular follow-up remains, since the rate of complications such as osteolysis of the femur, aseptic loosening, periprosthetic fracture, and late infection may increase in the future.     

Poor intermediate-term survival of the uncemented Optan anatomically adapted femoral component: A retrospective study of 432 patients with a mean follow-up of 5 years

Purpose

We evaluated the 5-year survival of the uncemented Optan anatomically adapted femoral stem, with revision for aseptic loosening as the endpoint.

Methods

Between January 2004 and March 2007, 432 total hip arthroplasties (THAs) were performed in 432 patients. After follow-up for a mean time of 5 years, the patients were evaluated using the WOMAC questionnaire and plain radiography. Patients who were unable to attend the follow-up visit were contacted by telephone to determine whether they had had any revision surgery of their THA

Results

Within 5 years, 39 patients (9%) had died of unrelated causes and 63 patients (15%) had been lost to follow-up. Of the remaining cohort, 224 patients (68%) had full follow-up while 88 patients (27%) were evaluated with WOMAC only and 18 patients (5%) were evaluated with radiography only. The mean WOMAC score of all evaluated patients was 21 (10–100). At 5-year follow-up, there were 26 stem revisions reported (6%), 14 hips (3%) showed aseptic loosening, and 12 hips (3%) had had a periprosthetic femoral fracture. The 5-year survival to revision for any reason was 94%. Worst-case analysis yielded a 5-year survival of 79%.

Interpretation

The 5-year survival for aseptic loosening of the Optan anatomically adapted femoral component was disappointing. Radiographic evaluation showed evidence of proximal radiolucencies and distal cortical bone hypertrophy, which we attribute to insufficient proximal bone in-growth and increased load transfer at the tip of the stem. We do not recommend the use of the Optan femoral stem.The Optan femoral stem was designed to reduce proximal femoral bone loss after total hip arthroplasty (THA). It was designed with a specific geometry, stiffness, and surface roughness (Bieger et al. 2011). It is an anatomically shaped femoral component in the sense that it has an anteversion similar to that of the native proximal femur. The uncemented Optan femoral stem is made of a titanium-based alloy with a porous-coated proximal third. Furthermore, the femoral stem has a ventral rib that should prevent rotation. The distal narrowing, the anatomical shape, and the porous-coated proximal third of the stem are designed to lead to a physiological load transfer and therefore optimal bone in-growth of the femoral stem. Despite the theoretical advantages of the Optan femoral stem, no studies have been published on the survival of this uncemented femoral component. We evaluated the mean 5-year survival of the uncemented Optan femoral stem used in primary THA.     

The value of megaprostheses in non-oncological fractures in elderly patients: A short-term results

IntroductionThe management of both hip and distal femur fractures as well as periprosthetic fractures can be challenging for orthopaedic surgeons. The use of megaprosthetic implants could provide substantial advantages in elderly population affected by complex fractures. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of megaprosthetic implants for treating hip and distal femur fractures as well as periprosthetic fractures in elderly.Material and MethodsFrom January 1st 2015 to December 31st 2019, patients treated for proximal or distal femoral fractures with severe bone loss or failure of previous surgery were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into two group based on diagnosis: proximal femur fractures (group A) and distal femur fractures (group B). Subsequently, patients underwent hip (group A) or knee (group B) megaprosthesis. Self-assessed questionnaires were administered to all patients pre and postoperatively. Primary outcome was the Activity Daily Living. Secondary outcomes were: Instrumental Activity Daily Living, Short Form-12, Oxford knee or hip score, complications. Charlson score, Harris classification for hip or Anderson Orthopaedic Research Institute score and complication were recorded. All patients underwent a radiological follow up to rule out implant loosening and mobilization. Pre and postoperative functional score comparisons in each group were undertaken. Significance was set p ≤ 0.05.ResultsTwelve patients were finally included in the study. There were 6 male and 6 females, the mean age was 72,9 years old (± 7,4); the mean BMI was 29,8 points (± 4.5). The mean follow-up was 2.9 years (± 1.4). No differences could be found between pre and postoperative evaluation in each group. No aseptic loosening, dislocation, mobilization or radiolucency were recorded during the follow-up. In group A, two surgical site infections (2/6 patients) and one pneumonia (1/6 patients) were recorded. In group B, two surgical site infections occurred (2/6 patients). All patients were treated by antimicrobial oral therapy with complete regression.ConclusionThe use of hip and knee megaprosthetic implants in traumatology is a safe and viable option in elderly patients.     

Early results of a non-invasive extendible prosthesis for limb-salvage surgery in children with bone tumours

We reviewed our initial seven-year experience with a non-invasive extendible prosthesis in 34 children with primary bone tumours. The distal femur was replaced in 25 cases, total femur in five, proximal femur in one and proximal tibia in three. The mean follow-up was 44?months (15 to 86) and 27 patients (79%) remain alive. The prostheses were lengthened by an electromagnetic induction mechanism in an outpatient setting and a mean extension of 32 mm (4 to 80) was achieved without anaesthesia. There were lengthening complications in two children: failed lengthening in one and the formation of scar tissue in the other. Deep infection developed in six patients (18%) and local recurrence in three. A total of 11 patients required further surgery to the leg. Amputation was necessary in five patients (20%) and a two-stage revision in another. There were no cases of loosening, but two patients had implant breakage and required revision. The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society functional score was 85% (60% to 100%) at last known follow-up. These early results demonstrate that the non-invasive extendible prosthesis allows successful lengthening without surgical intervention, but the high incidence of infection is a cause for concern.     

Femoral replacement for salvage of periprosthetic fracture around a total hip replacement

A total of 20 patients with a mean age of 72 (range: 36-91) were managed with replacement of the proximal (15) or total (5) femur for salvage of a periprosthetic femoral fracture with bone loss. A mean 12.5 years had elapsed between primary total hip replacement and surgery and the mean follow-up was 48 months (range: 12-116 months). Clinical outcome was assessed using the Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (mean: 68, range: 32-98) and Short Form 36 (SF-36; mean Physical Component Score (PCS): 53, range: 44-62; mean Mental Component Score (MCS): 51, range: 41-64). No prostheses were radiologically loose. There were six major complications; three patients suffered a postoperative dislocation; two patients had persistent deep infection (present preoperatively); and one patient suffered a fracture of their femur distal to the femoral stem of a proximal femoral replacement. Endoprosthetic replacement of the femur is a reasonable salvage option for patients with periprosthetic fracture and bone loss, with good clinical results. It allows immediate weight bearing and does not rely on bony union for success.     

The use of femoral struts and impacted cancellous bone allograft in patients with severe femoral bone loss who undergo revision total hip replacement: a three- to nine-year follow-up

We determined the midterm survival, incidence of peri-prosthetic fracture and the enhancement of the width of the femur when combining struts and impacted bone allografts in 24 patients (25 hips) with severe femoral bone loss who underwent revision hip surgery. The pre-operative diagnosis was aseptic loosening in 16 hips, second-stage reconstruction in seven, peri-prosthetic fracture in one and stem fracture in one hip. A total of 14 hips presented with an Endoklinik grade 4 defect and 11 hips a grade 3 defect. The mean pre-operative Merle D'Aubigné and Postel score was 5.5 points (1 to 8). The survivorship was 96% (95% confidence interval 72 to 98) at a mean of 54.5 months (36?to 109). The mean functional score was 17.3 points (16 to 18). One patient in which the strut did not completely bypass the femoral defect was further revised using a long cemented stem due to peri-prosthetic fracture at six months post-operatively. The mean subsidence of the stem was 1.6 mm (1 to 3). There was no evidence of osteolysis, resorption or radiolucencies during follow-up in any hip. Femoral width was enhanced by a mean of 41% (19% to 82%). A total of 24 hips had partial or complete bridging of the strut allografts. This combined biological method was associated with a favourable survivorship, a low incidence of peri-prosthetic fracture and enhancement of the width of the femur in revision total hip replacement in patients with severe proximal femoral bone loss.