患者术前临床特征对嗜酸性粒细胞型慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉的预测价值

目的 探讨患者的术前临床特征对嗜酸性粒细胞型慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉(ECRSwNP)的预测价值,并构建用于临床实践的诺模图。方法 选取2019年9月—2020年9月就诊于新乡医学院第一附属医院并行功能性鼻内镜手术治疗的慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉(CRSwNP)患者97例,根据术后病理结果嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)浸润程度将其分为ECRSwNP组和非嗜酸性粒细胞型慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉(nonECRSwNP)组,收集并比较两组患者的临床特征资料,采用单因素及多因素二元Logistic回归分析筛选对ECRSwNP有预测价值的术前特征资料,并构建用于临床实践的诺模图。采用SPSS 26.0和R语言软件4.1.2对数据进行分析。结果 两组患者在是否合并哮喘史、外周血嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)计数、外周血嗜碱性粒细胞(Baso)计数、日本难治性嗜酸性慢性鼻窦炎流行病学调查(JESREC)评分、上颌窦评分、前后组筛窦评分、CT总分、E/M(筛窦与上颌窦的Lund-Mackay评分比值)上差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单因素及多因素二元Logistic回归分析并构建的诺模图显示,基于哮喘史、外周血EOS、外周血...     

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉复发的相关影响因素分析

目的探讨慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉(CRSw NP)复发的相关影响因素。方法选取2011年2月至2014年3月就诊的CRSw NP患者206例,收集临床资料,鼻息肉组织病理学检查,所有患者手术治疗后进行随访,记录患者术后鼻息肉复发情况。结果 CRSw NP患者随访中,115例(55.8%)患者出现复发,91例(44.2%)患者未出现复发,复发组患者合并哮喘比例、外周血Eos比例、流涕评分、头/面疼痛评分、嗅觉损伤、Lund-Mackay评分和组织嗜酸性粒细胞(Eos)比例均高于未复发组,而外周血中性粒细胞(Neu)比例、组织Neu比例、组织淋巴细胞比例和组织浆细胞比例均低于未复发组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,组织嗜酸性粒细胞(Eos)比例是影响CRSw NP复发的独立危险因素(P0.001);ROC曲线分析显示,组织Eos比例在预测CRSw NP复发时,曲线下面积0.948(95%CI:0.923~0.974),当组织Eos比例为18.9%时,灵敏度75.8%,特异度98.3%。结论组织Eos比例是影响CRSw NP复发的独立危险因素,当组织Eos比例为18.9%时,具有最佳的诊断价值。     

半乳糖凝集素10与慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉

半乳糖凝集素10(Galectin-10)被发现已有很长的历史,但是探索其病理作用的研究很少。近几年,半乳糖凝集素10受到越来越多的关注,特别是其在气道嗜酸性粒细胞疾病中研究越来越多。综述了Galectin-10历史回顾及其在慢性鼻窦炎中的相关研究,Galectin-10/CLC蛋白不仅仅可作为以2型免疫反应为特征的CRSwNP的生物标志物,而且可能在其发病机制中发挥一定作用,并且很有希望作为以2型免疫反应为特征的CRSwNP的药物靶点。     

变应性因素在慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉发病中的作用

目的探讨变应性因素与慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉的临床表现和病理生理改变的关系。方法回顾性分析81例慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者,根据是否存在变应性因素,将其分为为菲变应性因素组和变应性因素组,比较两组症状VAS评分、鼻息肉主观评分、鼻窦CT Lund-MacKay评分、嗅觉功能、鼻阻力等指标问的差异。结果81例患者中,非变应性因素组45例,变应性因素组36例。两组问症状VAS评分和鼻息肉主观评分无显著性差异（t=0．87,P=0．40：t=0．58,P=0.64）。鼻窦CT的Lund—MacKay评分,变应性因素组的前组筛窦病变程度较非变应性因素组严重,存在显著性差异（f=2．11,P=0．03）,而其余各鼻窦及OMC区均无显著性差异。两组间嗅觉功能以及双侧鼻腔总阻力亦无显著性差异（t=0．15,P=0.88：t=0．57,P=0．61）。结论变应性因素在慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉的发病中不起主导作用,对临床症状、鼻息肉大小、嗅觉功能和鼻阻力等方面没有显著影响,但可能与前组筛窦的病变程度存在一定相关性。     

The role of superantigens in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

Recent reports suggest that staphylococcal exotoxins, acting as superantigens, activate T cells with subsequent massive proliferation, thereby contributing to the etiology of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). The objectives of this study are (1) to demonstrate directly the presence of staphylococcal exotoxins in nasal mucosa and sinonasal polyp tissue, and (2) provide indirect evidence of the effect of superantigens on the T cells expressing the target of superantigen, i.e., the beta variable chain receptor (TCRBV) in polyp tissue and peripheral blood of patients with CRSwNP. Sinonasal polyp tissue and peripheral blood specimens were obtained from 37 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (22 patients with bilateral nasal polyps, 15 without nasal polyps) and 12 normal subjects for comparative negative controls. Tissue specimens were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the most common staphylococcal exotoxins (A-D) and toxic shock syndrome toxin type 1. Fresh tissue and blood samples were analyzed by flow cytometry to determine the expression of TCRBV. In the CRSwNP subjects 12 of 22 samples (54.54%) demonstrated reactivity for at least 1 staphylococcal exotoxin, while 2 of the 12 were positive for 2 toxins. There were no positive results in the CRS without nasal polyps or control groups. There was a clear trend of increased TCRBV expression in the ELISA-positive group both for tissue and blood specimens. Staphylococcal superantigens were present in the nasal cavity of patients with CRSwNP with a high percentage of TCRBV, which suggests the possibility of superantigens as etiological agents of CRSwNP.     

Epithelial genes in chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps

BACKGROUND: Genetic studies on chronic inflammatory diseases have resulted in an emphasis on the epithelial interface with the environment and the genes that influence this interaction. This study examines the expression of key epithelial genes implicated in the pathogenesis of other inflammatory disorders for their role in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). METHODS: Epithelial cells were collected from the inferior turbinate, middle turbinate, and/or uncinate from 62 subjects undergoing sinonasal surgery. Patient groups included 21 CRS patients with nasal polyposis, 23 CRS patients without nasal polyposis, and 18 controls. Samples were analyzed for S100A7, S100A8, S100A9, SLC9A3R1, G-protein-coupled receptor for asthma, and serine protease inhibitor kazal type 5 (SPINK5) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to analyze expression of SPINK5 lympho epithelial kazal-type inhibitor (LEKTI) in sinonasal samples. RESULTS: Expression of S100A7 and S100A8 was significantly decreased in CRS with and without nasal polyps when compared with controls. S100A9 expression was significantly decreased in CRS without nasal polyps, and SPINK5 expression was significantly decreased in CRS with nasal polyps. SPINK5 (LEKTI) protein was detected in sinonasal tissue and was significantly decreased in polyp samples using IHC. CONCLUSION: This study shows marked reductions in the level of expression of several genes involved in epithelial barrier maintenance and repair in the inflammatory state of CRS.     

Prospective evaluation of clarithromycin in recurrent chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

IntroductionThe antiinflammatory effects of macrolides, especially clarithromycin, have been described in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without polyps and also other chronic inflammatory airway diseases. There is no consensus in the literature regarding the effectiveness of clarithromycin in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with sinonasal polyposis and the national literature does not report any prospective studies on the efficacy of clarithromycin in chronic rhinosinusitis in our population.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of clarithromycin in the adjunctive treatment of recurrent chronic rhinosinusitis with sinonasal polyposis refractory to clinical and surgical treatment.MethodsOpen prospective study with 52 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and recurrent sinonasal polyposis. All subjects received nasal lavage with 20 mL 0.9% SS and fluticasone nasal spray, 200 mcg / day, 12/12 h for 12 weeks; and clarithromycin 250 mg 8/8 h for 2 weeks and, thereafter, 12/12 h for 10 weeks. The patients were assessed by SNOT 20, NOSE and Lund-Kennedy scales before, immediately after treatment and 12 weeks after treatment. The patients were also evaluated before treatment with paranasal cavity computed tomography (Lund-Mackay) and serum IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE and eosinophil levels. The outcomes evaluated were: SNOT-20, NOSE and Lund-Kennedy.ResultsMost patients were women, aged 47 (15) years (median / interquartile range), and 61.5% (32/52) had asthma. All patients completed the follow-up after 12 weeks and 42.3% (22/52) after 24 weeks. Treatment resulted in a quantitative decrease in the SNOT-20 [2.3 (1.6) vs. 1.4 (1.6); Δ = ?0.9 (1.1); p < 0.01]; NOSE [65 (64) vs. 20 (63); Δ = ?28 (38), p < 0.01] and Lund-Kennedy [11 (05) vs. 07 (05); Δ = ?2 (05); p < 0.01] scores. SNOT-20 showed a qualitative improvement (>0.8) in 54% (28/52, p < 0.04) of patients, a group that showed lower IgE level [108 (147) vs. 289 (355), p < 0.01]. The group of patients who completed follow-up 12 weeks after the end of treatment (n = 22) showed no worsening of outcomes.ConclusionLong-term adjuvant use of low-dose clarithromycin for chronic rhinosinusitis patients with recurrent sinonasal polyposis refractory to clinical and surgical treatment has resulted in improved quality of life and nasal endoscopy findings, especially in patients with normal IgE levels. This improvement persisted in the patient group evaluated 12 weeks after the end of the treatment.     

BRF2在慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉发病过程中的作用研究

目的 研究BRF2在慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉中的表达及意义。 方法 收集山东大学第二医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科2016至2017年慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉(CRSwNP)手术标本37例及单纯鼻中隔偏曲手术标本18例,采用免疫荧光染色检测BRF2在慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉组织中的表达及定位;脂多糖(LPS)刺激体外培养人鼻黏膜上皮细胞后,采用免疫荧光检测BRF2在细胞中的表达及定位,Western bloting及实时荧光定量PCR检测BRF2和内质网应激相关蛋白GRP78在细胞中的表达。 结果 BRF2在慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉组织中表达量上调并在胞浆中的分布增多;在体外,LPS刺激可诱导鼻黏膜上皮细胞中BRF2表达上调并在胞浆中的分布增多,并发现内质网应激相关蛋白GRP78表达上升。 结论 BRF2可能介导了内质网应激,从而参与了慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉的发病过程。     

Role of blood inflammatory cells in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

Background/Objective: The pathophysiological and prognostic role of blood inflammatory cells in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) emerging from recent studies was investigated.

Material and Methods: The main available evidence and largely-recent publications were critically analyzed.

Results: Several authors reported a direct association between blood eosinophilia and CRSwNP recurrence rates. In some large series, a direct association between recurrent CRSwNP and blood basophil values emerged too. CRSwNP patients’ blood eosinophil and basophil values were strongly related. It was also found that preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte, eosinophil-to-lymphocyte, and basophil-to-lymphocyte ratios were significantly higher in patients who experienced a disease relapse than in those who did not. In histologically-confirmed eosinophilic-type CRSwNP treated with endoscopic sinus surgery, mean blood eosinophil values dropped significantly from before to after the surgical procedure.

Conclusions/Significance: CRSwNP endotypes have different inflammatory profiles reflected in the relative proportions of different types of blood cells. The available data support the theory that blood eosinophil and basophil levels should be included in the routine preoperative work-up of CRSwNP patients in order to give patients accurate prognostic information, adopt rational follow-up protocols after surgery, and provide dedicated postoperative medical treatments.     

Wnt5A在鼻息肉组织中的表达

目的:通过对比Wnt5A在伴或不伴鼻息肉的慢性鼻鼻窦炎(CRSwNP或CRSsNP)及正常鼻黏膜组织中的表达差异,探讨Wnt5A与CRS发病之间的联系.方法:应用免疫组织化学染色检测Wnt5A及pLRP6在CRSwNP和(或)CRSsNP组织中的表达状态,比较其间的差异.结果:Wnt5A在CRSwNP组中的表达明显较对照组及CRSsNP组增强(P＜0.01),阳性染色主要见于炎性细胞及上皮细胞;而CRSwNP组中pLRP6表达则低于对照组(P＜0.01).结论:Wnt5A在CRSwNP组织中的表达上调提示Wnt5A可能参与CRSwNP的发病.     

Increased expression of pendrin in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

IntroductionChronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is a heterogeneous disease and appropriate diagnostic algorithms in individual cases are necessary for effective medical treatment.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between the pendrin expression of nasal polyps and clinical and pathological characteristic features of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis.MethodsA total of 68 patients were classified into eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis or non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis groups according to the degree of eosinophilic infiltration into the nasal polyps. Clinical, hematological, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed and statistically compared between both groups.ResultsThirty-eight were classified into eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis and 30 into non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis groups. There were no significant differences in age distribution, sex ratio, prevalence of asthma, or any other complications between the groups. The mean Lund–Mackay score and the number of serum eosinophils was significantly higher in the eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis than in the non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis groups. The pendrin expression was more frequently detected in the epithelial surface layer of nasal polyps in the eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis than in the non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis groups. In addition, mucin 5AC was more widely expressed in the eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis than in the non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis.ConclusionIncreased expression of pendrin and mucin 5AC in the nasal polyps would be associated with development of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis. This finding could allow the development of a novel therapeutic agent targeted specifically to patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis.     

IL-36在慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉中的研究进展

白介素-36(IL-36)是IL-1超家族成员(IL-1F)之一,在上皮细胞和特异性免疫细胞中具有生物活性,主要功能包括促进细胞的活化、分泌细胞因子和趋化因子、招募和激活不同的免疫细胞等。近年有学者研究发现,IL-36家族在慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉(CRSwNP)发病中具有一定的作用。就IL-36的生物学特征及其在慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉中促进炎症反应、组织重塑、破坏上皮屏障等方面的研究进展进行综述。     

先天免疫分子Toll-Like-Receptor-9在慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉发病机制中的作用探讨

目的:检测先天免疫分子Toll-Like-Receptor-9(TLR-9)蛋白在鼻息肉黏膜上皮细胞中的存在及表达,以期探讨其在鼻息肉发病中的作用及功能.方法:取鼻窦内镜下摘除的鼻息肉标本10例(鼻息肉组),鼻中隔偏曲和鼻外伤等手术切除的下鼻甲标本10例作对照组,消化法行原代细胞培养,流式细胞仪双抗纯化上皮细胞和检测上皮细胞中TLR-9蛋白含量.结果:①消化法培养人鼻黏膜原代细胞中上皮占98%;②鼻息肉组和对照组上皮细胞均有TLR-9表达,但鼻息肉组的TLR-9表达(11%～15%)显著低于对照组(49%～60%).结论:TLR-9存在于正常和鼻息肉的黏膜上皮中,但鼻息肉组水平下降,推测先天免疫分子TLR-9可以在鼻息肉发病机制中起作用.     

Nasal conditioning after endonasal surgery in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is a frequently performed operation for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The aim of this study was to investigate nasal conditioning after ESS with/without septoplasty and turbinoplasty in patients with CRS with nasal polyps and to determine its relation to nasal patency and geometry. METHODS: Twenty-one patients were enrolled into this study. Nasal conditioning, AAR, and acoustic rhinometry were measured before and 4-8 months after endonasal surgery. RESULTS: The temperature and humidity gradient across the nose increased significantly after operation. High nasal volumes and patency were positively correlated with elevated nasal conditioning. No correlation between preoperative and postoperative changes in nasal geometry and nasal airflow with changes in conditioning values was found. CONCLUSION: Patients with CRS with nasal polyps seem to profit from ESS with/without septoplasty and turbinoplasty because nasal conditioning is improved postoperatively. Properly performed ESS has its importance within the variety of nasal surgical procedures ensuring improved nasal function.