近红外线扫描和X线摄影在乳腺良恶性疾病诊断方面的评价

目的：参照Ｘ线摄影在乳腺疾病诊断方面的特点，对近红外线扫描技术的诊断真实性进行评价。材料与方法：将外科手术证实的１０４例乳腺疾病患者，分为乳腺癌与非乳腺癌组，观察Ｘ线摄影和近红外线扫描对乳腺良、恶性疾病诊断的真实性，并比较各自的优缺点。结果：１０４例有乳腺肿块的患者中，经手术和病理证实乳腺癌４３例，乳腺良性疾病６１例。乳腺Ｘ线摄影诊断的敏感性和特异性分别为８４％和８３％，近红外线扫描为８２％和７７％。乳腺Ｘ线摄影和近红外线扫描的阳性预期值分别为８０％和７０％，其阴性预期值均为８７％。结论：近红外线扫描辅助乳腺Ｘ线摄影可以提高乳腺癌尤其是致密型乳腺癌诊断的敏感性和阳性预期值。     

MRI和X线摄影鉴别乳腺良恶性病变的比较分析

目的 比较MRI和X线摄影鉴别乳腺良恶性病变的诊断价值.方法 综合分析52例(包括恶性24例及良性28例)经手术病理证实的乳腺疾病的MRI及X线摄影资料.根据乳腺癌MRI和X线的主要诊断指标和次要诊断指标,对病例进行诊断.将2种影像诊断结果与病理诊断结果对照,比较MRI、 X线的诊断价值.结果 高频X线摄影诊断的敏感性为81.5%,特异性86.1%,阳性预测值81.5%,阴性预测值86.1%.MRI的敏感性为92.6%,特异性91.7%,阳性预测值89.3%,阴性预测值94.3%.MRI诊断结果与病理的一致性程度很高(Kappa值=0.813,P＜0.0005),高于高频X线(Kappa值=0.649,P＜0.0005).结论 MRI对诊断乳腺癌有重要价值,其效果优于X线检查.     

DCE-MRI联合MIP及乳腺钼靶X线摄影对乳腺非肿块样强化病变的诊断价值

目的 ：探讨动态对比增强MRI(DCE-MRI)联合MIP及乳腺钼靶X线摄影对乳腺非肿块样强化病变的鉴别诊断价值。方法：选取54例行DCE-MRI及乳腺钼靶X线摄影且经穿刺或手术病理证实的乳腺非肿块样强化患者为研究对象,分析DCE-MRI特征、MIP图像中的邻近血管征及乳腺钼靶X线摄影表现;以病理结果为金标准,评价各种检查方法 单独应用及联合应用对非肿块样强化病变良恶性的鉴别诊断效能。结果：54例中病理为恶性33例,良性21例。DCE-MRI的诊断敏感度75.8%,特异度76.2%,阳性预测值83.3%,阴性预测值66.7%,总符合率75.9%,约登指数0.52。DCE-MRI+MIP的诊断敏感度84.8%,特异度85.7%,阳性预测值90.3%,阴性预测值78.3%,总符合率85.2%,约登指数0.71。乳腺钼靶X线摄影的诊断敏感度30.3%,特异度95.2%,阳性预测值90.9%,阴性预测值46.5%,总符合率55.6%,约登指数0.26。DCE-MRI及MIP联合乳腺钼靶X线摄影的诊断敏感度96.9%,特异度90.5%,阳性预测值94.1%,阴性预测值95.0%,总符合率94.4...     

乳腺非典型增生的综合影像学表现

目的：探讨乳腺非典型增生数字化乳腺X线摄影及彩色多普勒超声检查的影像学表现。方法回顾性分析64例经手术病理证实为乳腺非典型增生并同时进行了数字化乳腺X线摄影检查及乳腺彩色多普勒超声检查的患者资料,分析其综合影像学特征。结果在64例乳腺非典型增生的患者中,经乳腺X线摄影检查阳性的患者为8例（彩色多普勒超声检查为阴性）;经彩色多普勒超声检查阳性的患者为7例（乳腺X线摄影检查为阴性）;经以上2项检查均阳性的患者为46例、均阴性的为3例（但触诊可触及肿块）。乳腺X线摄影、彩色多普勒超声及2项检查联合应用的准确率分别为84．4%、82．8%和95．3%。结论综合数字化乳腺X线摄影检查及彩色多普勒超声检查影像学表现并结合临床触诊,全面评估以提高乳腺非典型增生的诊断水平,有效降低乳腺癌的发生率。     

MRI 对乳腺 X 线摄影中“局灶性不对称”征象的诊断价值

目的：探讨M RI对X线摄影中乳腺“局灶性不对称”（FAB ）征象的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经病理证实的46例FAB的M RI形态学特点及动态增强时间‐信号强度曲线（T IC ）的类型。结果在FAB相应区域,M RI检出46例病灶,病理证实良性病变35例,恶性病变11例。其中外形分叶及边缘毛刺的准确度、阳性预测值以及阴性预测值分别为82．61％、66．67％、86．49％和86．96％、85．71％、87．18％。T IC显示：Ⅰ型17例,均为良性;Ⅱ型6例,其中良性4例,恶性2例;Ⅲ型9例,均为恶性。M RI对其良恶性诊断的准确度为86．96％,阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为81．82％与96．88％。结论 M RI能够准确判断FAB中是否存在潜在病灶,并能较准确地判断其良恶性。     

MRI、CT与乳腺X线摄影诊断乳腺疾病临床价值分析

目的探讨MRI、CT及诊断X线摄影等三种检查方法在乳腺疾病诊断中的应用价值。方法对收治的乳腺疾病患者分别采用MRI、CT及乳腺X线摄影进行检查,比较三种检查方法在乳腺疾病诊断中的应用价值。结果乳腺X线摄影、CT和MRI检查出的病灶直径与病理检查结果比较无明显差异。本文98例患者经病理检查发现112枚病灶,其中确诊良性68枚,恶性44枚。乳腺X线摄影诊断良、恶性乳腺病变的敏感性、特异性及准确性分别为68.18%、69.12%、68.75%;MRI诊断良、恶性乳腺病变的敏感性、特异性及准确性分别为88.64%、91.18%、90.18%;CT诊断良、恶性乳腺病变的敏感性、特异性及准确性分别为80.00%、88.06%、84.82%;经统计学分析发现MRI诊断良、恶性乳腺病变的敏感性、特异性及准确性均明显高于乳腺钼靶X线和CT,且差异具有统计学意义。结论乳腺X线摄影有利于早期发现乳腺疾病,MRI、CT增强可提高乳腺疾病诊断特异性和检出率,三者相结合缺点互补大大提高乳腺癌的诊断准确率。     

乳腺癌筛查模式的探讨

目的 探索适合中国妇女生物学特性的乳腺癌筛查模式.方法 对2000例乳腺触诊阳性与可疑者分别采用以乳腺X线摄影为主、超声检查为辅(模式一)和以超声检查为主、乳腺X线检查为辅(模式二)的两种筛查模式筛查,分析两种筛查方法的乳腺癌检出率、召回率、特异度、敏感度及阳性预测值,并与手术病理诊断结果对照和进行统计学处理.结果 模式一:真阳性6例,真阴性1920例;假阳性74例,假阴性0.乳腺癌检出率为3％,召回率8.5％,阳性预测值12％,特异度96.3％,敏感度100％.模式二:真阳性3例,真阴性1940例;假阳性54例,假阴性3例.乳腺癌检出率为1.5％,召回率9.3％,阳性预测值5.3％,特异度97.3％,敏感度50％.两者比较,模式一敏感度、阳性预测值、肿瘤大小、召回率均优于模式二,敏感度及阳性预测值比较采用卡方检验,P＜ 0.05为差异有统计学意义.结论 以乳腺X线检查为主,超声辅助的筛查模式是乳腺癌筛查的最佳模式.     

钼靶CR技术在诊断乳腺疾病中的应用价值及其与彩超联合检查的优势

目的评价钼靶CR技术对诊断乳腺疾病的应用价值及与彩超联合检查的优势。方法160例经病理证实的乳腺病变患者（良性85例，恶性75例）均接受了钼靶CR技术检查，其中，86例做彩色多普勒超声检查（良性26例，恶性60例），对所有病例获自两种技术的影像资料进行了回顾性分析与比较。结果CR技术诊断乳腺良恶性疾病的敏感度是83．0％，特异性为92．3％，准确性为86．4％，阳性预测值为94．3％，阴性预测值为75．0％，彩超的敏感度是83．3％，特异性为88．4％．准确性为84．9％．阳性预测值为92．5％，阴性预测值为70．1％，50例传统屏，胶组合系统钼钯摄影与CR技术在诊断乳腺疾病中的应用比较，明显不如CR技术优点多。彩超与钼钯CR在诊断乳腺疾病中各有优缺点。结论与传统屏，胶摄影比较，CR摄影技术提高了照片影像质量，与彩超联合检查可以对乳腺肿块进行准确的评价，为临床诊断提供可靠依据。     

多体位X线摄影与多层螺旋CT在肋骨骨折诊断中的价值

目的：探讨X线多体位摄影与多层螺旋CT扫描在诊断肋骨骨折中的价值。方法：对临床资料完整及影像学诊断证实的98例肋骨骨折进行回顾性分析。结果：胸部X线正位片发现骨折65例（约占66.3%）;正位片未发现骨折,而斜位,切线位和多层螺旋CT发现骨折分别为19例;5例;9例（33.7%）。结论：运用多体位X线摄影与多层螺旋CT扫描可以提高肋骨骨折诊断的准确率。     

乳腺全容积超声、钼靶X线摄影对乳腺结节良恶性的鉴别诊断价值

目的：探讨全容积超声（ABVS）、钼靶X线摄影对乳腺结节的诊断价值。方法：收集93例经病理确诊的乳腺结节患者,均行ABVS、钼靶X线摄影检查,分析2种检查方式的诊断价值。结果：ABVS和钼靶X线摄影的诊断敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率分别为94.9%、66.7%、93.7%、71.4%、90.3%和75.6%、93.3%、98.3%、42.4%、78.5%。结论：乳腺ABVS与钼靶X线摄影对鉴别乳腺良恶性结节各有优缺点;联合应用多种检查方法能提高乳腺结节良恶性的鉴别诊断水平。     

Wertigkeit der Mamma-MRT als Ergänzung zu Mammographie und Sonographie bei Patientinnen mit erhöhtem Mammakarzinomrisiko

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to give an overview on early detection of breast cancer in patients with an increased risk of breast cancer. Sensitivities and diagnostic accuracies of breast MRI, mammography and ultrasound were compared. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic literature search of the past 3 years was performed. Studies which compared breast imaging modalities and used image-guided biopsy results as standard of reference were included. Patients included had to have had an increased lifetime risk for breast cancer (>15%). RESULTS: Regarding sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy, breast MRI performed best in comparison to the other modalities within this collective of patients. Sensitivities ranged from 71-100%, 0-78%, and 13-65%, for MRI, mammography, and ultrasound, respectively CONCLUSION: Breast MRI is a well established tool for screening in patients at high risk for developing breast cancer and is a valuable supplement to mammography and ultrasound within this selected cohort of patients.     

早期乳腺癌的超声和X线摄影的对照研究

目的 探讨早期乳腺癌的超声和X线的特征性表现,提高其诊断率。材料与方法 50例乳腺癌和20例乳腺良性病变均行B超和X线检查,乳腺摄片时间为月经后10天内,所有病例均经病理证实。结果 B超诊断早期乳腺癌39例,其敏感性和特异性分别为78．0％和85．0％,准确性为80．0％;X线诊断早期乳癌41例,其敏感性和特异性分别为82．0％和90．05,准确性为84．3％。二者综合诊断,其敏感性和特异性为96．0％和76．5％,准确性为90．4％。结论 二者综合检查可提高早期乳腺癌诊断的敏感性和准确性。     

PET-CT与钼靶X线、B超定性诊断乳腺癌的临床对比研究

目的 探讨18F-氟代脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)PET-CT诊断乳腺癌的临床应用价值。方法 60例临床怀疑乳腺癌的患者分别行B超、钼靶X线乳腺摄影和PET-CT检查。结合术后病理,比较PET-CT、B超、钼靶X线乳腺摄影诊断乳腺癌的结果。结果 手术病理证实乳腺癌48例,良性病变12例。PET-CT目测法诊断乳腺癌的灵敏度、特异度、准确率及阳性预测值分别为93.8%、83.3%、91.7%及95.7%,钼靶X线法分别为81.3%、83.3%、81.7%及95.1%,B超法分别为85.4%、83.3%、85.0%及95.3%。三种方法对乳腺癌的诊断效能无显著差异性(χ2=3.40,P>0.5)。结论 18F-FDGPET-CT诊断乳腺癌具有很好的临床应用价值,并能对乳腺癌的分期提供更多的信息。     

Contrast-enhanced MR mammography for evaluation of the contralateral breast in patients with diagnosed unilateral breast cancer or high-risk lesions

PURPOSE: To prospectively evaluate accuracy of gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) mammography for depiction of synchronous contralateral breast cancer in patients with newly diagnosed unilateral breast cancer or high-risk lesions, with histologic analysis or follow-up as reference. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study had ethics committee approval; all patients provided written informed consent. One hundred eighteen consecutive women (mean age, 52 years) with unilateral breast cancer or high-risk lesions and negative findings in the contralateral breast at physical examination, ultrasonography, and conventional mammography underwent gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced 1.5-T MR mammography. Transverse three-dimensional T1-weighted gradient-echo images were acquired before and at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 minutes after gadobenate dimeglumine administration (0.1 mmol per kilogram body weight). Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) was used to categorize breast density and the level of suspicion for malignant contralateral breast lesions. Results were compared with histologic findings. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values for contrast-enhanced MR mammography were evaluated. RESULTS: Contrast-enhanced MR mammography revealed contralateral lesions in 28 (24%) of 118 patients. Twenty-four lesions were detected in patients with dense breasts (BI-RADS breast density category III or IV). Lesions in eight (29%) of 28 patients were BI-RADS category 4; patients underwent biopsy. Lesions in 20 (71%) patients were BI-RADS category 5; patients underwent surgery. At histologic analysis, 22 lesions were confirmed as malignant; six lesions were fibroadenomas. No false-negative lesions were detected; none of the fibroadenomas were BI-RADS category 5. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values of contrast-enhanced MR mammography for depiction of malignant or high-risk contralateral lesions were 100%, 94%, 95%, 79%, and 100%, respectively. Follow-up findings (12-24 months) confirmed absence of contralateral lesions in 90 of 118 patients with negative contrast-enhanced MR mammographic findings in the contralateral breast. CONCLUSION: Contrast-enhanced MR mammography is accurate for detection of synchronous contralateral cancer or high-risk lesions in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer or high-risk lesions.     

数字化乳腺摄影与普通钼靶摄影在小乳癌诊断中的对比分析

目的：探讨数字化乳腺摄影在小乳癌诊断中的优越性。方法：经手术病理证实的小乳癌57例，采用数字化乳腺摄影及普通钼靶摄影方法。结果：数字化乳腺摄影诊断51例，其敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为89．4％、95．O％、90.9％；普通钼靶摄影术前诊断46例，其敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为80．7％、85．O％、81．8％。结论：在小乳癌诊断中。数字化乳腺摄影在敏感性、特异性、准确性方面均优于普通钼靶摄影。     

数字乳腺摄影的计算机辅助诊断在乳腺癌筛查中的应用

目的:探讨数字钼靶乳腺摄影及计算机辅助诊断(CAD)在乳腺癌筛查诊断中的价值。方法:2010年1月至2011年1月我院数字乳腺钼靶摄片并经手术证实的40例纳入研究,包括乳腺癌35例(其中原位癌6例)和乳腺腺体增生5例。术前分别在普通显示器上读片诊断和工作站上使用CAD软件读片诊断,然后比较分析。结果:使用普通医用显示器的乳腺癌诊断的敏感性为71.4%,准确性75%;使用CAD分析的乳腺癌诊断的敏感性为88.6%,准确性90%。应用CAD对微钙化检出的敏感性明显高于普通医用显示器(P=0.032)。结论:数字乳腺摄影结合CAD有助于乳腺癌筛查诊断。     

The positive predictive value for diagnosis of breast cancer full-field digital mammography versus film-screen mammography in the diagnostic mammographic population

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Diagnostic mammography is performed on women with clinical symptoms that suggest breast cancer or women for whom further mammographic evaluation has been requested because of an abnormal screening mammography. We assessed whether the use of full-field digital mammography would improve the positive predictive value (PPV) for the diagnosis of breast cancer in a diagnostic population compared with film-screen mammography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2002 to December 2003, 11,621 patients underwent diagnostic mammography at the University of North Carolina Hospital, Chapel Hill. Among these 11,621 patients, 1400 lesions in 1121 patients underwent biopsy. We included the biopsy-performed lesions, so PPV3 was used for comparison of PPVs between film-screen mammography and full-field digital mammography. Six breast radiologists interpreted the images using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System of the American College of Radiology. PPV3s were compared between film-screen and full-field digital mammography in the entire study cohort and in specified subgroups according to different radiologists, breast density, and lesion type on mammography. The chi(2) and Fisher's exact tests were used for comparison of PPV3s between two modalities of mammography with the Bonferroni procedure for subgroup analysis. RESULTS: In the entire study cohort, PPV3s of full-field digital mammography and film-screen mammography were similar (difference in PPV3,-0.007; 95% confidence interval, -0.081 to 0.068; P = .8602). In predefined subgroups, there was no difference in PPV3 by the radiologist, breast density, or lesion type between two modalities of mammography (P > .005). CONCLUSION: There is no improvement in PPV for the diagnosis of breast cancer with full-field digital mammography compared with film-screen mammography in a large diagnostic population.     

Stereotactic and sonographic large-core biopsy of nonpalpable breast lesions: results of the Radiologic Diagnostic Oncology Group V study

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of stereotactically and sonographically guided core biopsy (CB) for the diagnosis of nonpalpable breast lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-two institutions enrolled 2,403 women who underwent imaging-guided fine needle aspiration followed by imaging-guided large-CB of nonpalpable breast abnormalities. All mammograms were reviewed for study eligibility by one of two breast imaging radiologists. The protocol for image-guided biopsy, using either ultrasound (USCB) or stereotactic (SCB) guidance, was standardized at all institutions and all biopsy specimens were over-read by one of three expert pathologists. Patients with atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), atypical lobular hyperplasia, or lobular neoplasia on CB underwent surgical excision. Those with negative CB but suspicious ("discordant") pre-biopsy mammography also underwent surgical excision. Patients having a negative CB that was concordant with the pre-biopsy mammography suspicion were assigned to follow-up mammography at 6, 12, and 24 months following CB. RESULTS: A gold standard diagnosis based on definitive histopathologic diagnosis, mammography follow-up, or an imputed gold standard diagnosis was established for 1,681 patients. Of 310 cases with a gold standard diagnosis of invasive breast carcinoma, 261 (84.2%) were invasive carcinoma, 31 (10%) were ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), four (1.3%) were ADH, one (0.3%) was a non-breast cancer, and 13 (4.2%) were benign on CB. For 138 cases with a gold standard diagnosis of DCIS, 113 (81.9%) were DCIS, 20 (14.5%) were ADH, and five (3.6%) were benign on CB. For 57 cases (13 masses, 44 calcifications) with an initial CB diagnosis of ADH, atypical lobular hyperplasia or lobular neoplasia, 20 (35.1%) had a gold standard diagnosis of DCIS (4 masses, 16 calcifications) and four (7.0%) had a gold standard diagnosis of invasive cancer (4 calcifications). Of 144 cases (22 masses, 122 calcifications) with an initial CB diagnosis of DCIS, 31 (21.5%) had a gold standard diagnosis of invasive cancer (10 masses, 21 calcifications). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for CB by either imaging guidance method in this trial were .91, 1.00, and .98, respectively. The sensitivity, predictive value negative, and accuracy of CB for diagnosing masses (.96, .99, and .99, respectively) were significantly greater (P < .001) than for calcifications (.84, .94, and .96, respectively). The sensitivity (.89) of SCB for diagnosing all lesions was significantly lower (P = 0.029) than that of USCB (.97) because of the preponderance of calcifications biopsied by SCB versus USCB. There was no difference between USCB and SCB in sensitivity, predictive value negative, or accuracy for the diagnosis of masses (97.3, 98.9, and 99.2, respectively for USCB; 95.6, 98.5, and 98.9 respectively for SCB). CONCLUSION: Percutaneous, imaged-guided core breast biopsy is an accurate diagnostic alternative to surgical biopsy in women with mammographically detected suspicious breast lesions.     

2017-01目录

目的 研究99Tcm-联肼尼克酰胺-3聚乙二醇-精氨酸-甘氨酸-天冬氨酸环肽二聚体（99Tcm-3PRGD2）整合素受体显像在乳腺癌定性诊断中的价值及与钼靶检查的对比。方法 选取初诊乳腺占位患者84例,均为女性。所有患者行2 h、4 h 99Tcm-3PRGD2 整合素受体显像及钼靶检查,以术后病理结果作为“金标准”,比较不同显像方法（全身显像及胸部SPECT/CT显像）对乳腺癌定性诊断的价值,并与钼靶结果进行对比分析。采用SPSS22.0软件,对数据进行t检验和χ2检验。结果 SPECT/CT显像的诊断效能高于全身显像;乳腺癌99Tcm-3PRGD2摄取率[病灶容积最大计数（T_max）、病灶容积平均计数（T_mean）、T_max/本底平均计数（B）值及T_mean/B值]均明显高于良性占位（t=2.09~3.19,均P＜0.05）,且T_max/B值差异更为明显（t=3.19,P＜0.01）;2 h、4 h显像对乳腺癌诊断效能差异无统计学意义（t=0.63~1.25,均P>0.05）。SPECT/CT显像诊断乳腺癌的灵敏度大于95.0%,联用钼靶后灵敏度可以提高到98.4%;对致密型乳腺患者,SPECT/CT显像与钼靶诊断乳腺癌的灵敏度、特异度、准确率分别为95.2%、83.3%、91.7%和78.6%、76.2%、77.8%,前者的准确率高于后者,且差异有统计学意义（χ2=4.341,P＜0.05）。结论 99Tcm-3PRGD2 SPECT/CT显像定性诊断乳腺癌具有高灵敏度,是对钼靶的有益补充,尤其对致密型乳腺占位患者具有独特优势。     

Diagnostic accuracy of 99mTc-sestamibi breast imaging: multicenter trial results.

Although mammography is well established as a first-line tool for breast cancer screening and detection, efforts to develop complementary procedures continue. Observation of 99mTc-sestamibi tumor uptake provided the impetus for its evaluation as an adjunctive technique. This trial's objectives were to determine in a multicenter trial the diagnostic accuracy of 99mTc-sestamibi in women with suspected breast cancer and to investigate factors influencing diagnostic accuracy. METHODS: Our multicenter trial enrolled 673 women (387 with nonpalpable abnormalities; 286 with palpable abnormalities) scheduled for excisional biopsy or mastectomy. Blinded and unblinded interpretations of scintigraphic images were compared with core laboratory established histopathologic diagnoses to define the diagnostic accuracy of 99mTc-sestamibi breast imaging. RESULTS: Blinded readers' diagnostic accuracy was 78%-81%. Inter-reader agreement was excellent, ranging from 95% to 100% (kappa = 0.82-0.99). Overall institutional sensitivity and specificity for 99mTc-sestamibi breast imaging were 75.4% and 82.7%, respectively. In this population with a 40.1% disease prevalence, the positive predictive value was 74.5% and the negative predictive value was 83.4%. The negative predictive value was 94% in patients with a 40% or lower mammographic likelihood of breast cancer. Sensitivity was higher for palpable abnormalities; specificity was higher for nonpalpable abnormalities. Sensitivity was decreased for tumors <1 cm in largest dimension but appeared not to be affected by patient's age. CONCLUSION: As an adjunct to current procedures, 99mTc-sestamibi breast imaging may contribute to patient management decisions in selected populations, including women with dense breasts, mammographically indeterminate lesions >1 cm, and palpable abnormalities.