生长抑素受体在胆囊癌组织中的表达

目的生长抑素是一种生长激素释放抑制激素,通过结合细胞表面的生长抑素受体而起作用。探讨生长抑素受体(somatostatin receptor,SSTR)亚型蛋白在胆囊癌组织及正常胆囊组织中的表达及其相关性。方法对病理确诊的29例胆囊癌组织及25例正常胆囊组织标本采用免疫组化法检测SSTR亚型的表达。结果在胆囊癌组织及正常胆囊黏膜组织中5种SSTR亚型均有表达,其中SSTR3在两组SSTR中的表达均为最高,SSTR2的表达均最低;在正常胆囊组织中的SSTR1的表达高于SSTR5,而在胆囊癌组织中的表达与此相反。胆囊癌中SSTR5的表达明显高于正常胆囊黏膜(P<0.05)。结论在以上2种组织中,SSTR5表达在胆囊癌组织比在正常胆囊组织黏膜明显增加(P<0.05),提示SSTR5亚型表达可能在胆囊癌发展过程中发挥重要作用。     

生长抑素受体显像对胰腺癌诊断价值的实验研究

目的探讨99mTc-Sandostatin显像对胰腺癌的诊断价值及与肿瘤组织生长抑素受体(SSR)表达之间的关系。方法观察99mTc-Sandostatin在裸鼠体内的生物分布。对16只荷胰腺癌裸鼠模型行99mTc—Sandostatin显像,计算瘤体与对侧正常组织的放射性比值(T/N);用RT-PCR方法检测肿瘤组织的SSR1、SSR2、SSR5mRNA的表达。结果99mTc-Sandostatin在裸鼠血液内清除迅速。11只荷瘤鼠的肿瘤组织有较高的放射性浓聚,注射99mTc-Sandostatin后6hT/N达2.53±0.84;5只荷瘤鼠的肿瘤显像阴性,T/N为1.04±O.06。显像阳性的肿瘤组织的SSR1、SSR2、SSR5mRNA表达均明显高于显像阴性的肿瘤组织(均P<0.01)。显像阳性鼠T/N值与SSR2mR—NA水平成显著正相关。结论99mTc—Sandostatin生长抑素受体显像对胰腺肿瘤有较好的诊断价值;可在活体中评估胰腺肿瘤生长抑素受体亚型Ⅱ的表达水平,为今后受体介导靶向治疗胰腺癌提供依据。     

生长抑素受体在胆囊癌组织的表达及临床意义

目的探讨生长抑素受体亚型蛋白在胆囊癌组织中的表达、发生发展中的作用及其相关性。方法对病理确诊的29例胆囊癌组织标本采用免疫组化法检测生长抑素受体亚型的表达。分析生长抑素受体亚型的表达与淋巴结转移、分化程度及预后的关系。结果 SSTR 5种亚型在胆囊癌组织均有表达,SSTR表达的优势是SSTR3;SSTR3在中高分化胆囊癌中的表达明显高于低分化胆囊癌(P<0.05);SSTR4在有淋巴结转移的胆囊癌的表达低于无淋巴结转移者(P<0.05)。经统计学分析,5种SSTR亚型表达情况均与患者年龄、肿瘤组织学类型、浸润深度、肝脏转移无明显相关性。结论胆囊癌组织及正常胆囊黏膜均表达5种SSTR亚型,优势表达是SSTR3;SSTR3及SSTR4的表达胆囊癌的恶性程度有关,提示这两种SSTR亚型表达可能在胆囊癌发展过程中发挥重要作用。     

生长抑素受体在胆囊癌GBC-SD细胞株中的表达及其意义

目的:探讨人胆囊癌细胞株GBC-SD生长抑素受体(SSTR)蛋白及mRNA的表达,为生长抑素(SST)增强多柔比星对胆囊癌化疗敏感性的机制提供理论基础。方法:用免疫组化法及RT-PCR法测定GBC-SD细胞SSTR蛋白及核酸的表达。结果:GBC-SD细胞表达SSTR亚型SSTR1、SSTR2、SSTR3、SSTR4和SSTR5 mRNA分别为0.31±0.01、0.24±0.01、0.19±0.01、0.05±0.01和0.06±0.01。SSTR1的表达明显高于其他亚型(P<0.05)。蛋白的表达仅检测到SSTR1~3,分别为38%、62%和90%。结论:人GBC-SD细胞SSTR1~3的表达较高,mRNA以SSTR1为最显著,而蛋白的表达以SSTR3为最高。     

生长抑素受体亚型在食管癌的表达及意义

目的检测生长抑素(SST)受体亚型SSTR1~5在食管癌组织中表达,探讨其表达与食管癌临床病理特点及与食管癌细胞增殖的关系。方法对86例食管癌组织标本,采用免疫组织化学方法检测SSTR各亚型及ki-67的表达,并比较SSTR亚型表达与食管癌临床病理特点及与ki-67增殖指数的关系。结果86例食管癌组织SSTR3、SSTR4未见阳性表达,SSTR1、SSTR2、SSTR5表达阳性率分别为68.6%(59/86),22.1%(19/86)与18.6%(16/86);ki-67表达阳性率为81.4%(70/86)。χ2分析表明,食管癌SSTR表达阳性率与患者性别、肿瘤大小、部位、组织学分级、淋巴结转移以及肿瘤分期无明显关系(P>0.05)。SSTR2表达阳性的食管癌ki-67增殖指数为(24.25±11.42)%,SSTR2表达阴性的食管癌ki-67增殖指数为(33.35±18.15)%,t检验显示差别有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论食管癌组织中有多种SSTR亚型表达,SSTR亚型表达和肿瘤组织学分化及肿瘤分期无明显相关。SSTR2阳性表达与细胞增殖指数呈负相关。     

生长抑素受体亚型mRNA在大肠癌中的表达

目的:探讨大肠癌组织中生长抑素受体(SSTR)各亚型基因的表达以及与临床病理参数的关系。方法:采用RT-PCR法检测了41例大肠癌患者癌组织和癌旁组织中生长抑素受体亚型mRNA的表达。结果:41例大肠癌患者的癌组织和癌旁组织中SSTR1 mRNA表达的阳性率分别为82.93%(34/41)和68.29%(28/41);SSTR2mRNA表达的阳性率分别为92.68%(38/41)和90.24%(37/41);SSTR3 mRNA表达的阳性率分别为43.90%(18/41)和36.59%(15/41);SSTR4 mRNA表达的阳性率分别为60.98%(25/41)和39.02%(16/41),而SSTR5基因在大肠癌及癌旁组织表达缺失。结论:大肠癌组织中大多数有一种以上生长抑素受体亚型基因的表达,其中SSTR2为主要表达亚型;各亚型间可能存在有协同作用的关系。     

生长抑素及其功能性受体表达与胰腺腺泡细胞外分泌的关系

目的 探讨SD大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞上的生长抑素受体(SSTR)各亚型的分布及生长抑素具体与哪种亚型的SSTR结合发挥作用.方法 急性分离大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞,取得胰腺腺泡细胞悬液.用Trizol法提取各时间段胰腺腺泡细胞的mRNA并在PCR扩增仪上得到产物,使用Labimage图像分析系统对电泳结果 进行量化分析.结果 SSTR1～5在SD大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞上有表达,其表达分别为0.980±0.085;0.766±0.064;0.850±0.078;0;2.010±0.225.生长抑素作用15、30 min后SSTR1～5的表达分别为0.908±0.059;1.142±0.078;0.798±0.030;0;1.852±0.132和0.891±0.049;1.347±0.063;0.764±0.071;0;1.791±0.102.SSTR2表达较对照组明显增高(P＜0.05).结论 SD大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞上存在SSTR1～3、5亚型.生长抑素与SSTR2受体结合后,发挥其抑制胰腺腺泡细胞外分泌的作用.     

原发性肝癌组织中SSTR亚型1-3mRNA的表达

目的了解肝细胞肝癌组织中生长抑素受体(SSTR)亚型1-3基因的表达情况。方法采用RT-PCR法检测了48例肝细胞肝癌患者癌组织和癌旁组织中生长抑素受体亚型1-3mRNA的表达。结果48例肝细胞肝癌患者的癌组织和癌旁组织中SSTR1mRNA表达的阳性率分别为18.7%(9/48)和31.3%(16/48);SSTR2mRNA表达的阳性率分别为91.6%(44/48)和93.7%(45/48);SSTR3mRNA表达的阳性率分别为20.8%(11/48)和50.0%(24/48)。结论肝细胞肝癌组织中大多数有一种以上生长抑素受体亚型的表达,其中SSTR2为主要表达亚型。     

胃癌组织中生长抑素受体亚型mRNA的表达

目的:研究胃癌组织中生长抑素受体亚型(SSTRs)的表达,探讨其与胃癌临床病理学参数的关系.方法:应用RT-PCR技术检测30例胃癌及相应正常胃黏膜组织中生长抑素受体5种亚型(SSTR1～SSTR5)mRNA的表达.结果:胃癌及相应正常胃黏膜组织中SSTR1～SSTR5 mRNA均有表达.与正常胃黏膜组织比较,胃癌组织中SSTR3阳性率降低(P＜0.05),SSTR2和SSTR5阳性率升高(P＜0.05).低分化胃癌组织中,SSTR3阳性率较低(P＜0.05),SSTR1和SSTR5阳性率升高(P＜0.05);SSTR1阳性率与胃癌淋巴结转移有关(P＜0.05);SSTR1和SSTR5与胃癌浸润程度存在相关性(P＜0.05).结论:在胃癌的发生和分化过程中,SSTR3和SSTR5可能起重要作用,而SSTR1可能参与了胃癌的进展.     

生长抑素受体2基因转染抑制胰腺肿瘤细胞生长机制的探讨

目的探讨生长抑素受体2(SSTR2)基因转染抑制体内胰腺肿瘤生长的效果及其机制.方法利用lipofectAMINE将人类SSTR2全长 cDNA转染导入胰腺癌细胞株PC-3中,G418筛选出阳性克隆;免疫组织化学SABC法和RT-PCR检测生长抑素受体2的稳定表达.分别将表达生长抑素受体2的PC-3细胞 (实验组) 和空载体对照组及阴性对照组的PC-3细胞异种移植到无胸腺小鼠体内.TUNEL法测定这些细胞形成的胰腺肿瘤细胞凋亡指数(AI);免疫组织化学SP法测定凋亡相关基因Bcl-2和Bax的表达,以及肿瘤微血管密度(MVD).另外,比较3组裸鼠之间胰腺肿瘤的大小和重量.结果实验组胰腺肿瘤细胞AI(3.39%±0.84%)显著高于空载体对照组(0.69%±0.08%)和阴性对照组(0.68%±0.09%)(P<0.05).与空载体对照组和阴性对照组相比,实验组Bcl-2蛋白表达显著降低,Bax蛋白的表达则显著升高(P<0.05);实验组MVD(6.3±1.7)显著低于空载体对照组(12.6±1.7)和阴性对照组(13.5±1.9)(P<0.05).另外,实验组胰腺肿瘤的大小和重量也显著低于空载体对照组和阴性对照组(P<0.05).空载体对照组与阴性对照组之间未观测到任何有差异的指标(P>0.05).结论大多数人胰腺癌细胞中缺失SSTR2基因,生长抑素受体2在胰腺癌细胞中的再表达能诱导肿瘤凋亡,抑制肿瘤新生血管形成,最终明显抑制胰腺肿瘤的生长,而凋亡可能通过Bcl-2蛋白的下调及Bax蛋白的上调来调节.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.