健康教育对护理本科生艾滋病知识、态度干预效果评价

目的 探讨健康教育对护理本科生(以下简称“护生”)艾滋病知识、态度的干预效果.方法 随机整群抽取我校4个班护生作为研究对象,随机分为干预组和对照组,每组各85名.对干预组进行为期3个月的艾滋病健康教育,教育前后分别对两组研究对象艾滋病知识、态度进行调查评估.结果 健康教育后,干预组与对照组护生艾滋病相关知识、态度得分比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),但是在艾滋病相关行为态度方面无差异(P＞0.05).结论 护生对艾滋病知识总体认知水平中等,对艾滋病态度的正向倾向性较差.健康教育能显著提高护生对艾滋病知识的认知水平,改善护生对艾滋病患者的态度.     

非吸烟孕妇被动吸烟状况及干预效果研究

目的 了解非吸烟孕妇被动吸烟状况,对其相关知识、态度和行为进行干预,并对干预效果进行评价.方法 采用问卷形式对成都市两家妇幼保健医院128名非吸烟孕妇被动吸烟的相关知识、态度和行为进行调查,同时对她们进行为期16周的干预,并对干预效果进行评价.结果 干预后孕妇对于被动吸烟的知识、态度均有显著改善(P<0.000),对待丈夫或家人在自己面前吸烟所采取的行为也有显著改善(P<0.05).电话咨询、宣传小册子和医生咨询是孕妇易于接受的健康教育形式.结论 采取综合性的干预措施可以改变非吸烟孕妇关于被动吸烟的知识、态度和行为.     

武警战士艾滋病健康教育干预效果分析

目的：了解武警部队基层战士艾滋病相关知识、态度和行为的掌握及健康教育需求情况,评价健康教育干预效果,为在武警部队开展艾滋病健康教育提供依据。方法：由统一设计的调查问卷,采用现场无记名答卷,对实施艾滋病健康教育干预前后的基层战士进行艾滋病知-信-行的调查。结果：基层战士艾滋病相关知识知晓率较低,干预后总知识知晓率、信念持有率、行为形成率等均有改善。结论：部队基层战士对艾滋病相关知识、态度和行为等方面不乐观,在基层战士中开展艾滋病健康教育效果明显。     

广州市娱乐服务场所流动妇女艾滋病知识和行为干预研究

目的 评价干预措施（健康教育）对娱乐服务场所流动妇女艾滋病相关知识和行为的效果.方法 对290名娱乐场所流动妇女进行干预前后的匿名问卷调查,了解艾滋病相关知识和行为情况.结果 干预后,研究对象的艾滋病相关知识明显提高（P〈0.05）,尤其是日常生活不传播艾滋病的知识.然而,婚前及婚外性行为、避孕套使用率没有明显改变（P〉0.05）.结论 健康教育能够提高娱乐场所妇女的艾滋病相关知识水平,需要采取综合措施降低高危行为.     

艾滋病健康教育在职校学生中的开展

目的探讨职业学校非医学专业学生对艾滋病相关知识的认知情况及艾滋病健康教育的效果。方法随机抽取我市某职业学校非医学专业357名学生进行艾滋病相关知识、行为、态度的干预调查,评价健康教育效果。结果健康教育后学生的艾滋病相关知识水平有明显提高。结论健康教育被证明是行之有效的。利用学校教育的优势,在学生中开展艾滋病知识宣传教育和行为干预,可有效的推动预防工作。     

分析艾滋病母婴传播健康教育对孕妇艾滋病知识的干预效果评价

目的:通过对孕妇开展艾滋病母婴传播健康教育,分析其临床干预效果,评价艾滋病母婴传播健康教育在预防艾滋病中的应用价值。方法:在笔者所在医院2006年1月-2011年6月所收治的孕妇中,随机选择1470例孕妇开展艾滋病母婴传播健康教育,干预方法包括发放宣传资料、开展知识讲座等,对孕妇干预前后分别进行问卷调查,调查孕妇对艾滋病母婴传播相关知识的知晓率和干预效果。结果:所有孕妇经过干预后对艾滋病母婴传播知识的知晓率明显高于干预前,前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:对孕妇开展艾滋病母婴传播健康教育能够明显提高孕妇对艾滋病相关知识的认识率与知晓率,能有效的预防艾滋病的发生,避免艾滋病母婴传播,具有非常高的应用和推广价值。     

分析艾滋病母婴传播健康教育对孕妇艾滋病知识的干预效果评价

目的 通过临床对孕妇开展艾滋病母婴传播健康教育,分析其临床干预效果,评价艾滋病母婴传播健康教育在今后临床中的应用价值.方法 选择我院2005年1月～2011年1月我院所收治的137例孕妇临床开展艾滋病母婴传播教育,干预方法包括宣传资料以及讲座等方式,对孕妇干预前后分别进行问卷调查,调查孕妇对艾滋病母婴传播教育相关知识的知晓率和干预效果.结果 所有孕妇经过干预后对艾滋病母婴传播健康教育的知识的知晓率明显高于干预前,前后比较具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 临床对孕妇开展艾滋病母婴传播健康教育能够提高艾滋病的相关知识,有效的预防艾滋病的发病,避免艾滋病母婴传播,为今后的临床预防艾滋病具有非常高的应用价值.     

建筑工地农民工艾滋病健康教育的效果评价

目的评价健康教育对建筑工地农民工艾滋病知识、态度及行为的干预效果,普及农民工的艾滋病相关知识,控制和减少艾滋病的发生。方法采用整群分层的抽样方法,首先对西安市4家建筑工地的1,136名农民工进行问卷调查,获得建筑工地农民工艾滋病知识、态度及行为的基础资料,然后从2011年11月-2013年3月对其进行健康教育,再用相同的问卷获得建筑工地农民工教育后的有关艾滋病知识、态度及行为的资料,最后通过统计分析,对比干预前后的各个条目的得分,并计算其卡方值及P值。结果通过健康教育及干预,建筑工地农民工对艾滋病防治知识的知晓率明显提高(P均<0.005);对待艾滋病的态度及行为也有了明显的改善(P均<0.005)。结论健康教育是预防艾滋病的有效手段,不但可以提高建筑工地农民工知晓相关的艾滋病知识,而且可以改变他们对艾滋病的态度及个人行为。应该开展适宜建筑工地农民工的多种方式的健康教育,预防及减少农民工艾滋病的发生,从而提高农民工的生活质量。     

非政府组织对男男同性恋人群健康教育效果评估

目的 通过非政府组织,进行男男同性恋人群健康教育干预及其效果研究,探索建立针对男男同性恋(MSM)人群预防艾滋病高危行为的干预模式.方法 通过非政府组织以小组参与式同伴教育方式,针对101名男男同性恋者进行预防艾滋病健康教育及高危行为干预,通过调查干预前(2006年9月)后(2007年8月)预防艾滋病知识、态度和信念及行为的变化,评估该干预模式的效果.结果 通过非政府组织采用小组参与式同伴教育对提高101名男男同性恋者预防艾滋病知识水平和改变其高危行为有显著的效果.结论 通过非政府组织小组参与式同伴教育能够有效提高MSM群体的艾滋病知识认知水平并相应改变其高危行为,但是存在认知与行为分离的现象,加强安全性行为的促进是面临的重要问题,同时安全套促进也需要人性化措施.     

重庆市职业学校学生艾滋病健康教育效果评价

目的 对职业学校学生艾滋病健康教育效果进行评价,为学校开展艾滋病健康教育提供科学依据.方法 采用自行设计的调查问卷于艾滋病健康教育知识讲座前后,分别对学生进行关于艾滋病相关知识、态度及行为等调查,对比分析基线调查和干预调查结果,评价其效果.结果 健康教育知识讲座有效提高了学生艾滋病防治相关知识的掌握程度,尤其对艾滋病非传播途径的认识明显提高,干预前后其平均正确率分别为40.1%和57.6%,P<0.05.结论 加强职业学校学生健康教育是有效预防艾滋病以及促进学生身心健康的重要途径.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.