大鼠原位肝移植模型的手术操作技巧探讨

目的:探讨建立稳定大鼠原位肝移植模型的手术操作技巧。方法:采用二袖套法行大鼠原位肝移植,供体经腹主动脉进行肝脏冷灌注,肝上下腔静脉采用手缝合法进行吻合;门静脉和肝下下腔静脉用袖套法吻合;胆总管采用单管内支架胆管端端吻合。结果:大鼠原位肝移植52例,手术成功45例(86.5%),1周内存活43例(82.7%),1个月内存活36例(69.2%),供体手术时间(30.6±4.0)min,受体手术时间(46.0±5.5)min,无肝期为(20.0±2.5)min。结论:大鼠原位肝移植模型稳定可靠,可为肝移植提供理想的研究手段;良好的肝脏灌注,改进的肝上下腔静脉吻合法可以缩短无肝期,提高大鼠肝移植的生存率。     

泡状棘球蚴感染大鼠肝移植模型的建立

目的研究泡状棘球蚴感染大鼠原位肝移植模型的手术技巧及术后并发症的预防与处理。方法 50只BN大鼠作供体,50只泡状棘球蚴感染的Lewis大鼠为受体,通过"二袖套法"施行大鼠原位肝移植。用改进的二袖套法对大鼠行原位肝移植,移植中门静脉、肝下下腔静脉用袖套法进行吻合,肝上下腔静脉用缝合法吻合,胆道采用支架法进行胆道重建。结果建立大鼠原位肝移植模型共50例,术中未出现死亡,存活时间最短为5h,48h存活率为96%(48/50)。结论只有熟练地掌握手术技巧,细致耐心的操作,最大程度减少各种并发症的发生,才能得到良好的肝移植模型。     

稳定大鼠原位肝移植模型的建立

目的：建立稳定大鼠原位肝移植模型,探讨其方法与技术。方法：用改进的二袖套法行140例SD→LEW大鼠原位肝移植,术中门静脉、肝下下腔静脉用袖套法吻合,肝上下腔静脉用缝合法吻合,胆管内支架法完成胆道重建。结果：供体手术时间为（27．0&;#177;3．1）min;供肝修整时间为（11．0&;#177;2．1）min;受体手术时间为（30．0&;#177;2．5）min;无肝期为（15．0&;#177;2．6）min。手术成功率（术后存活2d以上）为87％,1周存活率为81％,1个月存活率为72％。结论：提高手术技巧,熟悉各种并发症的原因和预防处理措施,可以减少并发症的发生,提高手术成功率,延长大鼠术后存活时间。     

改进的大鼠原位肝移植术与相关手术技巧

目的：改进大鼠原位肝移植的手术方式，并总结出相关手术技巧。方法：用改进的二袖套法共建立160例大鼠原位肝移植模型。术中门静脉、肝下下腔静脉用袖套法吻合，肝上下腔静脉用缝合法吻合，胆管内支架法完成胆道重建。结果：采用改进的二袖套法进行大鼠原位肝移植，平均供体手术时间46min，修整供肝时间24min，受体无肝期21min，肝上下腔静脉缝合时间13min，门静脉套管时间3min，肝下下腔静脉套管时间4min．胆管插管时间3min。术中和术后24h内主要死亡原因是气胸、麻醉意外、出血，手术成功率92．5％。存活超过24h者，主要死亡原因为感染、胆道梗阻以及移植肝功能失活。结论：制作大鼠原位肝移植模型需要娴熟的显微外科基本功和耐心细致的手术操作。改进的二袖套法具有无肝期短、手术成功率高的优点，是建立该模型的理想术式。     

大鼠原位肝移植模型的建立和术式改进

目的探讨双袖套法建立稳定大鼠原位肝移植模型及术式改进.方法在Kamada等的袖套法大鼠肝移植模型的基础上改进,施行原位肝移植95例,建立稳定的大鼠原位肝移植模型.结果供体手术时间(33.1±2.4)min,受体手术时间(45.7±2.1)min,无肝期(15.9±1.9)min.手术死亡9例,手术成功率90.5%,其中出血5例,空气栓塞2例,血管扭曲2例.术后1周存活率87.2%,术后1周内死亡的主要原因:术后胆漏和腹腔感染各1例,肝上下腔静脉狭窄2例和肝下下腔静脉血栓1例、胆管梗阻和袖套脱落出血各3例.结论改进的大鼠原位肝移植模型稳定可靠,手术成功率高,为肝移植提供理想的研究手段.高质量完成手术每一步骤,缩短无肝期是手术成功的关键.     

大鼠原位肝移植模型的手术技巧

目的探讨大鼠原位肝移植术中显微外科的最佳操作方法,分析术后死亡原因及远期胆道并发症的预防。方法采用改良的二袖套法行大鼠原位肝移植手术,肝上下腔静脉吻合时保留膈肌环。结果共建立130例大鼠原位肝移植模型,手术成功率91.5%(119/130),7d存活率达83.2%(99/119),3个月生存率77.3%(92/119)。结论应用改良的“二袖套法”建立稳定的大鼠肝移植模型需要轻柔细致的显微手术操作,肝上下腔静脉吻合时保留膈肌环可降低吻合口出血的发生率。     

长爪沙鼠原位肝移植模型的建立

目的建立长爪沙鼠原位肝移植模型的方法与技术。方法用改良的双套管法行100对长爪沙鼠原位肝移植手术,门静脉、肝下下腔静脉行套管吻合,而肝上上腔静脉采用缝合法,胆管内支架法完成胆道重建。结果在手术成熟后,供体手术时间为34.56±5.12 min,修肝及安置套管时间为15.43±2.75 min,受体手术时间为58.37±8.54 min,其中无肝期为23.66±4.47 min。手术成功率为86.67%(术后存活6 h以上)。结论改良的双套管法成功建立了长爪沙鼠肝移植模型,通过手术技巧训练可提高手术成功率,延长爪沙鼠存活时间。     

二袖套法大鼠原位肝移植的手术技巧及并发症的预防

目的 :探讨二袖套法大鼠原位肝移植的手术技巧及并发症的预防。方法 :在Kamada“二袖套法”基础上进行改良。获取供肝前阻断肝门血供 10min ,再灌注 10min ;分别经腹主动脉和门静脉对肝脏进行双重灌洗 ;门静脉和肝下下腔静脉用袖套法吻合 ,肝上下腔静脉用缝合法吻合 ,胆总管采用单管内支架胆管端端吻合法。结果 :共施行大鼠原位肝移植 12 0次 ,手术成功率为 90 .8%。平均无肝期为 (2 1± 3.5 )min ,受体总手术时间为 (4 6± 4 .5 )min ,一周生存率为 87.2 %。结论 :良好的手术野暴露、娴熟的显微外科技术和精细的手术操作有助于缩短受体无肝期及总手术时间和提高受体生存率     

双袖套法大鼠原位肝移植模型的技术改进

目的探讨双袖套法大鼠原位肝移植模型的手术技术及其改进方法。方法在Kamada方法基础上进行改良,供体取肝前应用经腹主动脉双灌注法,肝上下腔静脉用缝合法吻合,受体门静脉及肝下下腔静脉采用袖套吻合法,加强围手术期处理。结果行大鼠原位肝移植术160次,供体手术时间35 min,受体手术时间45min,无肝期12 min;2天存活率97%,1周存活率95%。结论改良的双袖套法技术具有手术操作简便、无肝期短的优点,可以显著提高模型的稳定性及成功率。     

双套管法大鼠肝移植模型的建立

目的探讨大鼠原位肝移植实验中细节和要点,建立一种更高效、稳定的动物模型．方法原二袖套法基础上,综合各种改良术式,经腹主动脉灌注,单线连续外翻缝合吻合肝上下腔静脉,袖套法吻合门静脉和肝下下腔静脉,单管内支架端端吻合胆总管,术中改进细节,减少出血,合理地复温、补液,缩短手术时间和无肝期;观察术后成活率和存活期、结果共制作120例大鼠原位肝移植（不包括预实验）,供体手术时间（17±1．5）min,受体手术时间（37±2．5）min,无肝期为（19±1．5）min．手术成功率94．2％,周存活率90％．结论娴熟的外科操作并精简术式,改进细节,可提高原位肝移植大鼠的成活率和存活期,为实验研究制作高效、稳定的动物模型．     

肱骨远端全骺分离

肱骨远端全骺分离在5岁以下儿童中是较常见的肘部损伤,且极易误诊为肱骨髁上骨折或肘关节脱位。本组25例肱骨远端全骺分离均为向内侧移位,年龄11个月至14岁,平均5.6岁,属Salter-HarrisⅠ型或Ⅱ型。对本症骨骺损伤的解剖学和组织学,诸骨(和骨化中心)之间的对应关系以及骨骺损伤的诊治进行了简短的讨论。     

食指背侧皮瓣的临床应用

通过对右手虎口挛缩以及左拇指皮肤剥脱损伤各一例应用直指背侧皮瓣修复的成功经验,提出该手术的适应症和优点,并重点介绍其应用解剖学和手术方法。     

Investigation of hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark in diabetic rats

Objective

To investigate the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark (AETPB) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Methods

Acute toxicity was studied in rats after the oral administration of AETPB to determine the dose to assess hypoglycemic activity. In rats, diabetes was induced by injection of STZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.) and diabetes was confirmed 72 h after induction, and then allowed for 14 days to stabilize blood glucose level. In diabetic rats, AETPB was orally given for 28 days and its effect on blood glucose and body weight was determined on a weekly basis. At the end of the experimental day, fasting blood sample was collected to estimate the haemoglobin (Hb), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine, urea, serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and insulin levels. The liver and kidney were collected to determine antioxidants levels in diabetic rats.

Results

Oral administration of AETPB did not exhibit toxicity and death at a dose of 2 000 mg/kg. AETPB treated diabetic rats significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) reduced elevated blood glucose, HbA1c, creatinine, urea, SGPT and SGOT levels when compared with diabetic control rats. The body weight, Hb, insulin and total protein levels were significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) increased in diabetic rats treated with AETPB compared to diabetic control rats. In diabetic rats, AETPB treatment significantly reversed abnormal status of antioxidants and lipid profile levels towards near normal levels compared to diabetic control rats.

Conclusions

Present study results confirm that AETPB possesses significant hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities in diabetic condition.     

Association of smoking,alcohol and NSAIDs use with expression of cag A and cag T genes of Helicobacter pylori in salivary samples of asymptomatic subjects

Objective

To determine the association of smoking, alcohol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use with presence and virulence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in a representative sample of a random adult population of asymptomatic subjects.

Methods

Non virulent 16S rRNA and virulent cag A and T genes from salivary samples of 854 asymptomatic subjects were determined using polymerase chain reaction. The presence and absence of virulent and non virulent infection was statistically compared with consumption of smoking, alcohol and NSAIDs.

Results

The prevalence of infection in male and female subjects was found to be 69.25% and 66.90%, respectively. The prevalence of infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to consumption of alcohol was as follows: current (31.22%), former (52.20%) and never (43.58%). The prevalence of infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to smoking of cigarettes was as follows: current (88.80%), former (57.14%) and never (33.33%). The prevalence of infection in the subject population consuming NSAIDs and not consuming NSAIDs frequently was found to be 82.75% and 21.16%, respectively. Virulence in male and female subjects was found to be 60.00% and 50.00%, respectively. The presence of virulent infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to consumption of alcohol was as follows: current (28.57%), former (40.15%) and never (50.00%). The prevalence of virulent infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to smoking of cigarettes was as follows: current (79.32%), former (75.00%) and never (50.00%). The prevalence of virulent infection in the subject population consuming NSAIDs and not consuming NSAIDs frequently was found to be 88.23% and 66.66%, respectively.

Conclusions

It can be concluded that smoking and NSAIDs consumption are aggravating factors for virulence of H. pylori and alcohol can inhibit H. pylori infection in asymptomatic subjects.     

大肠多发原发性癌:危险因素、诊治和预防(附8例报告)

综述分析1954～84年国内外文献,探讨了大肠多发原发性癌的诊断标准、发病情况、临床表现、发病危险因素、外科处理以及预防和诊断检测技术等问题,强调了大肠腺瘤,遗传基础、免疫缺陷、慢性溃疡性结肠炎等在发病上的作用,及高危险组患者应按方案进行常规检测监护之重要性。述介了大肠多发原发性癌系一种原发性大肠癌多中心发生的形式,在诊治上前者与后者有一致性,亦各有其独特性。报告宁夏医学院附属医院肿瘤科1977～84年收治的8例住院大肠多发原发性癌病例的临床资料,对诊治经过进行了初步总结。     

具有抗细菌黏附和杀菌双重功能的(HA/CHI-Van)5涂层的制备

目的：研究开发一种涂覆(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构的骨科内植入物以用于预防骨内植入物感染。方法：将透明质酸（HA）和壳聚糖-万古霉素（CHI-Van）溶液进行层层自组装,制备得到(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构;通过zeta电位检测组装过程,通过活细菌染色实验评价多层膜的抗细菌黏附效果,通过越狱实验和FE-SEM实验检测体外抗菌效果。SD大鼠随机分为空白组、(HA/CHI-Van)5组和假手术组,并以X线、Micro-CT、骨组织切片等方法检测该材料的体内动物实验效果。结果：每次组装不同的单层,zeta电位交替变化,证明多层膜组装成功。活细菌染色实验显示多层膜结构中的CHI具有一定的抗细菌黏附作用。越狱实验和FE-SEM实验证明(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构在体外具有良好的抗菌作用。在体外实验中,(HA/CHI-Van)5组的X线评分为0.7,而空白组的评分为12.3,(HA/CHI-Van)5组在骨密度、骨小梁数量、骨体积分数、骨组织切片方面均优于空白组（均P＜0.05）,且非常接近假手术组（均P＞0.05）。结论：通过在骨科内植入物表面涂覆(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构能够获得一定的抗细菌黏附功能和良好的抗菌作用,可以预防骨内植入物感染。     

Efficacy and side effects of praziquantel in the treatment of Schistosomiasis mansoni in schoolchildren in Shesha Kekele Elementary School,Wondo Genet,Southern Ethiopia

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and side effects of praziquantel (PZQ) in the treatment of schistosomiasis in Ethiopia.

Methods

In a cross-sectional study, stool specimens were collected from randomly selected 299 school children in Shesha Kekele Elementary School, Wondo Genet, Southern Ethiopia, in April 2010. Stool specimens were examined using a single Kato-Katz thick smear for Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) ova. Children who were found positive for S. mansoni were treated with a single oral dose of PZQ at 40 mg/kg bw and interviewed for treatment-related symptoms 24 hours after drug administration. Four weeks post-treatment, stool specimens were collected from the same children and examined following the same procedure as in the pre-treatment. Drug efficacy was determined based on cure and egg reduction rates.

Results

Pre-treatment prevalence of S. mansoni infection was 74.9% with geometric mean egg count of 268. The evaluated generic PZQ produced an overall cure rate of 73.6% (P<0.000 1, OR: 8.33, CI: 5.3–13.1) and egg reduction rate of 68.2% (P=0.03, F=0.64). The cure rate showed significant association with age (χ²=11, P=0.004), the highest rate being observed in the 15–22 age group. 83% of S. mansoni infected children showed various treatment-related symptoms, the most frequent being headache, nausea, and abdominal pain. These symptoms were associated with age (P<0.001) and pre-treatment intensity of infection (P<0.05).

Conclusions

The present observations revealed relatively lower cure and egg reduction rates of the PZQ evaluated as compared to previous reports for other PZQ brands in Ethiopia. Hence, in depth studies are recommended to clarify whether the present relatively lower cure rate is the actual cure rate of the praziquantel evaluated, treatment failure, or reduced susceptibility of the parasite. Treatment-related side effects observed were transient and tolerable.     

NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体制备及其表征研究

目的:制备具有肿瘤血管靶向的NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体,并对其进行表征研究。方法：采用薄膜分散法制备NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体,,并对其进行表征研究,并测定包封率。结果：制备得到的NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs平均粒径为(271.43±9.23)nm,Zeta电位为-(36.20±0.20)mv,多分散系数(PDI)为(0.15±0.03),理化性质相对稳定;NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs包封率为8.41%;电镜下显示NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs呈类圆形,大小分布均匀,无明显聚集。结论：采用薄膜分散法制备的NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体具有较高的稳定性,从而为体内药效学研究奠定基础。     

Control of Tetranychus urticae Koch by extracts of three essential oils of chamomile,marjoram and Eucalyptus

Objective

To evaluate the acaricidal activity of extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus against Tetranychus urticae (T. urticae) Koch.

Methods

Extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus with different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0% and 4.0%) were used to control T. urticae Koch.

Results

The results showed that chamomile (Chamomilla recutita) represented the most potent efficient acaricidal agent against Tetranychus followed by marjoram (Marjorana hortensis) and Eucalyptus. The LC₅₀ values of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus for adults were 0.65, 1.84 and 2.18, respectively and for eggs 1.17, 6.26 and 7.33, respectively. Activities of enzymes including glutathione-S-transferase, esterase (α-esterase and β-esterase) and alkaline phosphatase in susceptible mites were determined and activities of enzymes involved in the resistance of acaricides were proved. Protease enzyme was significantly decreased at LC₅₀ of both chamomile and marjoram compared with positive control. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) proved that the major compositions of Chamomilla recutita are α-bisabolol oxide A (35.251%), and trans-β-farersene (7.758%), while the main components of Marjorana hortensis are terpinene-4-ol (23.860%), p-cymene (23.404%) and sabinene (10.904%).

Conclusions

It can be concluded that extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus possess acaricidal activity against T. urticae.