CTLA-4 gene polymorphism and its association with Graves' disease in the Lebanese population.

Graves' disease is an organ-specific autoimmune disease that has a female predominance. It is probably the result of a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors. This disease is characterized by immune system activation, evidenced by elevated serum thyroid-specific autoantibodies and lymphocytic infiltration of the target organ (the thyroid gland), associated with raised levels of circulating activated T lymphocytes. Several reports have demonstrated genetic linkage and association between the genetic markers of the CTLA-4 gene on chromosome 2q33 and Graves' disease. In order to confirm this association in the Lebanese population, a bi-allelic A/G polymorphism at position 49 of CTLA-4 exon 1 was studied in 34 patients with Graves' disease, and in 38 healthy individuals, using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. The results showed a significant increase in allele and genotype frequencies in patients with Graves' disease compared to controls. This suggests that the CTLA-4 gene might play a role in the development of Graves' disease in the Lebanese population.     

Association of a CTLA-4 3' untranslated region (CT60) single nucleotide polymorphism with autoimmune thyroid disease in the Japanese population

The etiology of the autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs), Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis is largely unknown. However, genetic susceptibility is believed to play a major role. The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) gene, encoding a negative regulator of the T-lymphocyte immune response, had been reported to be associated and/or linked to AITD. Recently, AITD susceptibility in the Caucasians was mapped to the 6.1-kb 3'UTR of the CTLA-4 gene, in which the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), CT60, was most strongly associated with AITD. In order to determine the association of the CTLA-4 gene with AITD in the Japanese, case-control association analysis for the CT60 of the CTLA-4 gene using 264 AITD patients and 179 healthy controls was done. The frequency of the disease-susceptible G allele of the CT60 of the Japanese control was higher than that of the Caucasians (72.6 vs. 52.3%). However, the G allele of the CT60 was associated with GD (84.0 vs. 72.6%, P=0.0008) and AITD (80.1 vs. 72.6%, P=0.009) in the Japanese. Furthermore, the G allele of the CT60 was associated with the increased risk for GD [P=0.004, odds ratio (OR)=2.0] and AITD (P=0.03,OR=1.6) in a recessive model. These results suggested that the CTLA-4 gene is involved in the susceptibility for GD and AITD in the Japanese.     

4p14区段和CTLA-4基因多态性与Graves病相关

目的探讨中国安徽蚌埠地区汉族人群4p14区段位点rs6832151和CTLA-4基因4个SNPs(单核苷酸多态性)位点基因多态性与Graves病相关性,和基因-基因交互作用对Graves病的影响。方法提取611例诊断明确的GD患者和644名健康对照者的全基因组DNA,用Taq Man探针技术进行基因分型,使用Plink和Haploview等统计软件分析这些位点与蚌埠地区汉族人群Graves病的相关性。结果 4p14区段位点rs6832151的等位基因、基因型频率在GD组和对照组之间有差异(P0.05),CTLA-4基因区域内rs231804和rs231726两个SNP位点基因型在显性模型下差异显著(P0.05);GMDR模型显示CTLA-4基因内rs10197319、rs231726、rs231804、rs1024161位点和4p14区段内rs6832151位点组成的五阶模型(P=0.001)为最佳模型,CTLA-4基因内rs1024161和rs10197319位点之间上位效应分析结果有差异(P0.05)结论 4p14区段rs6832151,CTLA-4基因区域内rs231804和rs231726位点基因多态性与蚌埠地区汉族人群Graves病的遗传易感性相关;rs6832151(4p14区段)和rs10197319、rs231726、rs231804、rs1024161(CTLA-4基因)5个SNP位点间的基因-基因交互作用与Graves病相关,CTLA-4基因内rs1024161和rs10197319位点之间存在上位效应。     

CTLA-4基因启动子区单核苷酸多态性与特发性扩张型心肌病的关联研究

目的探讨特发性扩张型心肌病（idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy，IDC）患者细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原-4（cytotoxic T lymphocyte assoccated antigen 4，CTLA-4）表达状况及由CTLA-4基因启动子区单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphism，SNP）导致的不同遗传易感性机制。方法采用限制性片段长度多态性分析151例IDC患者，120名正常健康人CTLA-4基因启动区-1772、-1661及-318位点SNP；免疫酶联吸附测定法检测血清sCTLA-4、干扰素-7及白介素-4水平；综合分析CTLA-4启动区基因型、等位基因频率及与sCTLA-4、干扰素-γ／白介素一4的相关性。结果IDC患者sCTLA-4水平与CTLA一4基因启动区SNP相关，携带-1772T／C变异者sCTLA-4表达增高。-1772TC基因型频率在IDC组尤其低射血分数亚组显著高于对照组，IDC组-1661G和-1661GG频率显著降低，具有-1772TC-1661AA及-1772TC-1661AG单倍型IDC患者sCTLA-4显著升高。结论IDC患者CTLA-4表达异常，CTLA-4基因启动区-1772C／T和-1661A／GSNP与IDC遗传易感性相关。-1772T／C变异可能影响CTLA-4基因剪接，干扰蛋白表达和功能，阻止负性调节信号传递而导致对IDC的易感。     

CTLA-4 +49A/G polymorphism is associated with Behçet's disease in a Tunisian population

The involvement of excessive T-helper cell functions in the pathogenesis of Behçet's disease (BD) has been reported. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) plays a role in T-cell downregulation. In this report, we investigated the possible association between BD patients and the CTLA-4 +49A/G polymorphism in Tunisian population. A total of 135 Tunisian BD patients and 151 healthy blood donors from the same geographic area were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction for the CTLA-4 +49 A/G polymorphism. A highly significant difference between Tunisian BD patients and healthy controls was found regarding the distribution of CTLA-4 +49 A allele [ P  < 10⁻⁷; χ² = 75.63; odds ratio (OR) = 4.63; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.20–6.72] and genotype frequencies ( P  < 10⁻⁷; χ² = 71.02). Furthermore, in the BD group, the A allele was predominant in males (76.3%) when compared with females (62%), ( P  = 0.014; χ² = 5.97; OR = 1.99; 95% CI = 1.10–3.59). No relationship was found between the studied genotype and clinical manifestations. Our results show a gene dose effect of the A allele on the BD. The A allele exerts a stronger effect on disease susceptibility in males compared with females.     

广东人汉族群CTLA-4基因外显子1多态性与Graves病的相关性

目的探讨CTLA-4基因外显子1多态性与广东地区汉族人群Graves病的关系。方法以PCR-RFLP技术观察100名健康人与100例Graves病(GD)患者细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4(CTLA-4)基因外显子1的多态性。结果提示GD患者的CTLA-4外显子1的G49等位基因频率较正常对照组显著增高(P<0.01)。结论CTLA-4基因可能是广东地区汉族人群中GD的易感候选基因。     

MTHFR基因多态性与急性白血病易感性的研究

目的 研究汉族儿童亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase,MTHFR)基因多态性与急性淋巴细胞白血病(acute lymphoblastic leukemia,ALL)以及急性髓细胞白血病(acute myeloid leukemia,AML)发病风险的相关性.方法 对87例ALL患儿、22例AML患儿和120名对照儿童用逆转录-聚合酶链反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳结合DNA测序技术进行MTHFR 677C/T和1298A/C基因的多态性筛查.结果 MTHFR 677CT基因型的个体AML易感性降低(OR=0.23,95％CI:0.07～0.79).未发现MTHFR 1298A/C各基因型与ALL和AML发病风险间存在显著关联.MTHFR 677TT/1298AA和677CC/1298AC基因型ALL发病风险增高(OR=3.78,95％ CI:1.38～10.40;OR=3.17,95％CI:1.18～8.53),677CT/1298AA基因型者AML风险降低(OR=0.23,95％ CI∶0.06～0.97).结论 MTHFR基因677位碱基变异可能是儿童AML遗传易感因素.     

CTLA4/CT60 polymorphism is not relevant in susceptibility to autoimmune inflammatory intestinal disorders

The aim of this work was to investigate the possible influence of the recently described CT60 A/G dimorphism of the CTLA4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4) gene in the susceptibility to two different autoimmune inflammatory intestinal disorders, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and celiac disease. We analyzed a case-control cohort composed of 528 Spanish patients with IBD (284 with Crohn disease and 244 with ulcerative colitis) and 454 unrelated healthy individuals, and additionally a group of 90 celiac disease families. CT60 genotyping was performed with a TaqMan 5' allelic discrimination assay. After comparing patients with IBD with the control population, we found no significant deviation in the distribution of the alleles or genotypes of CTLA4/CT60 dimorphism. In addition, by means of familial and case-control analysis, no evidence for a statistically significant association was observed between CTLA4/CT60 and celiac disease susceptibility. Therefore, our results suggest that the CTLA4/CT60 polymorphism does not play a major role in inflammatory intestinal disorders.     

CTLA-4 (CD152) gene polymorphism at position 49 in exon 1 in Graves' disease in a Polish population of the Lower Silesian region

INTRODUCTION: Graves' disease ((GD)is an autoimmune disease believed to be caused by a combination of environmental and genetic factors. The gene encoding cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4)is one of the candidate genes for conferring susceptibility to thyroid autoimmunity. he aim of the study was to investigate the association between the exon 1 CTLA-4 gene polymorphism A(49)G and susceptibility to GD and Graves ' ophthalmopathy (GO)as well as its severity in a Polish population of the Lower Silesia region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed the A(49)G exon 1 CTLA-4 gene polymorphism in 99 unrelated Polish patients with GD, of whom 50 had clinically evident GO (NOSPECS class III and higher), and 154 matched healthy subjects from the Lower Silesia region. Genomic DNA was isolated from whole frozen blood using the NucleoSpin Blood kit. A/G transition was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction followed by labeling with the SnaPshot kit of PE Applied Biosystems and detected using an ABI PRISM 310 capillary genetic analyzer. RESULTS: The distribution of CTLA-4 exon 1 A(49)G enotype, allele, and phenotypic frequencies did not differ between patients with GD and healthy subjects. There was a significantly lower frequency of the AA genotype in the group of patients with clinically evident GO than in patients without severe GO (22% vs. 43%; p=0.02, OR=2.6). CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that the AA genotype in patients with GD is associated with a lower risk of GO severity.     

Interleukin-17A gene polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to gastric cancer

We conducted a study to investigate the role of three common SNPs in the IL-17A and IL-17F genes (rs2275913G>A, rs3748067C>T and rs763780T>C) in the development of gastric cancer, and their interaction with H.pylori infection. A total of 326 patients with gastric cancer and 326 control subjects were consecutively recruited between May 2012 and May 2014. Genotyping of IL-17A rs2275913G>A and rs3748067C>T and IL-17F rs763780T>C was performed in a 384-well plate format on the Sequenom MassARRAY platform. By logistic regression analysis, individuals carrying the GA and AA genotypes of IL-17 rs2275913G>A were significantly associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer when compared with GG genotype, and the adjusted Ors (95% CI) were 1.46 (1.03-2.06) for GA genotype and 2.57 (1.51-4.43) for AA genotype. We observed that the GA+AA genotype of rs2275913 was associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer among H.pylori infection subjects (OR=2.21, 95% CI=1.29-3.79). In conclusion, we found that there was a significant association between L-17A rs2275913G>A polymorphism and increased gastric cancer risk, especially in H.pylori infection subjects.     

TLR4基因多态性在中国人群中的初步研究

目的检测中国人Toll样受体4(Toll—like receptor 4．TLR4)基因调控区和编码区的单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphisms，SNPs)．寻找TLR4基因的遗传标记。方法采用直接测序的方法检测基因的5′区、编码区、部分内含子区和3′区，以确定中国人群中TLR4基因SNP的位置和类型，并用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性对重庆汉族样本进行了抽样调查。结果在4．98kb的测序范围内，发现5个新的SNP，3个位于5′区．2个位于3′非翻译区。在重庆地区汉族样本中．两个高频分布SNP的等位基因频率分别是0．266和0．404。结论在TLR4基因新发现的两个高频多态性位点在我国人群中比较常见，可以作为关联分析的遗传标记。     

骨保护素基因单核苷酸多态性与类风湿关节炎发病的相关性研究

 目的：探讨骨保护素（OPG）基因163A/G及245T/G单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）与我国汉族人群类风湿关节炎（RA）发病的相关性。方法：采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）技术检测我国南方汉族正常人群及RA患者的OPG 163A/G 和245T/G 2个SNP位点;进行Hardy-Weinberg平衡检验;计算基因型和等位基因频率,及这2个位点的连锁关系,并分析这2个SNP位点与RA的关系。结果：所研究基因分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡,163A/G 位点基因型AA、AG、GG分布频率在2组比较有显著差异（P<0.05）;等位基因A、G分布比较在2组有显著差异（P<0.05）,携带163GG基因型者发生RA的危险性是非携带者的1.219倍（OR=1219, 95％CI：1066~2.339, P<0.05)。但245T/G位点各基因型及等位基因频率在2组中均未见差异（P>005）。结论：OPG 基因 163A/G SNP可能与我国汉族人群RA发病相关,携带G等位基因可能是发病的危险因素。     

A functional single nucleotide polymorphism in promoter of ATM is associated with longevity

Although the ‘ataxia telangiectasia mutated’ (ATM) gene plays an important role in physiological processes, such as sensing DNA damage, reducing oxidative stress and protecting telomeres length, little information about ATM and longevity is available. Therefore, we aim to examine the association between genetic variants in promoter of ATM and longevity in Chinese Nonagenarians/Centenarians. Genotyping was performed in 789 long-lived individuals (LLIs) and 886 ethnically matched control subjects. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, rs189037) in the promoter region of ATM gene was identified, and significant association between CT genotype and longevity was observed. Meanwhile, the SNP was able to affect expression of ATM mRNA by differentially binding to AP-2α. The CC genotype strongly bound to AP-2α, and the TT genotype showed less binding affinity to AP-2α. The AP-2α strongly repressed the reporter expression in the CC genotype and showed less repression of the TT genotype driving expression in vitro assay. Accordingly, TT genotype individuals had highest ATM mRNA expression, CT genotype individuals had moderate ATM mRNA expression, and the CC genotype individuals had the lowest ATM mRNA.     

PADI4 gene polymorphism is not associated with ankylosing spondylitis in Chinese Han population

The cause of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) remains unelucidated. Both genetic and environmental factors are suspected playing an important role in AS development. Peptidyl arginine deiminase type IV (PADI4) is a member of gene family that encodes enzymes responsible for the conversion of arginine to citrulline residues. A strong linkage between PADI4 polymorphism and rheumatoid arthritis has been found in Japanese and Korean patients, but there is no association study about PADI4 in AS. We speculated that PADI4 may be a pivotal gene for AS development. So we investigated the PADI4 polymorphisms in AS in Chinese Han population. A total of 316 Chinese AS patients of Han nationality and 439 healthy controls were recruited. Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), PADI4-89 (rs11203366), PADI4-90 (rs11203367), PADI4-92 (rs874881) PADI4-94 (rs2240340) and PADI4-104 (rs1748033), of PADI4 gene were selected, and the major allele frequencies between cases and controls were assessed as 0.571 versus 0.597, 0.565 versus 0.585, 0.565 versus 0.574, 0.446 versus 0.421 and 0.614 versus 620, respectively. No significant differences in the frequency of PADI4 alleles and genotypes between the cases and controls were observed. Two haplotypes ACGGC and GTCGC were significant with AS even after Bonferroni's correction but were with a tiny frequency in AS cases as 1.0% and 1.2%, respectively. These results indicate that PADI4 polymorphisms may not play an important role in the development of AS in Chinese Han population.     

甲状腺球蛋白基因外显子33单核苷酸多态性与Graves病停药后复发的相关性分析

目的:探究甲状腺球蛋白基因外显子33单核苷酸多态性(E33SNP)与Graves病(GD)复发的相关性,为临床预测GD抗甲状腺药物(ATD)治疗后的复发提供合理性依据。方法:选取健康对照者232例以及GD治疗后停药的患者243例,且根据GD停药患者的复发情况将观察组分为A、B、C 3个亚组:77例治疗后1年内复发者为A组,86例治疗后1~2年内复发者为B组,80例治疗后2年内未复发者为C组。利用RT-PCR检测对照组和观察组的E33SNP进行分型,对比分析对照组和观察组不同基因型的比率及观察组不同甲状腺球蛋白基因型患者的游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)和促甲状腺激素受体抗体(TRAb)水平,以及眼征、甲状腺肿大程度等临床资料,且对观察组不同基因型患者在治疗后2年内的累积有效率进行对比分析。结果:观察组与对照组E33SNP的基因型差异无统计学显著性,但观察组各个亚组间E33SNP基因型差异具有统计学显著性(P0.05)。对观察组的A、B、C 3个亚组间不同基因型患者各项甲状腺功能相关指标进行对比分析表明,不同基因型患者的TSH、FT3、FT4水平及甲状腺肿大程度的差异无统计学显著性,而TRAb水平和眼征发生率的差异具有统计学显著性(P0.05)。此外,E33SNP T/T型GD患者ATD治疗后2年内的累积有效率为61.8%,E33SNP T/C型患者为42.6%,E33SNP C/C型患者为21.3%,差异具有统计学显著性(P0.05)。结论:E33SNP C/C型GD患者停药后的TRAb水平以及眼征发生率明显偏高,在ATD治疗后更加容易复发,E33SNP T/T型患者则呈现相反的趋势,复发率明显偏低,因此E33SNP C/C型GD患者采用其它治疗方式或者联合治疗方式可能更加合理。     

High incidence of CTLA-4 AA (CT60) polymorphism in renal cell cancer

Polymorphism in genes encoding T-cell regulatory proteins and cytokines may influence inflammation and cancer development via regulation of antitumor immune response. In the current study we analyzed genotypic frequencies of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4)/CT60, CTLA-4/A49G, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-10 polymorphisms in 117 renal cell carcinoma patients, 96 patients with colorectal cancer, and 196 healthy controls to test for an association between polymorphism in these genes and the risk of renal and colon cancer in a Spanish group of patients. In the case-control study, DNA samples from cancer patients and controls were analyzed using a TaqMan single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping assay. The distribution of IL-4 and IL-10 polymorphisms was similar between renal cancer patients and controls. However, a higher incidence of CTLA-4/CT60-AA genotype (p = 0.005; odds ratio (OR)= 2.12 with 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.28-3.50) and CTLA-4/A49G-AA (p = 0.022; OR = 1.76 with 95% CI: 1.11-2.80) genotype was observed in renal cancer patients than in controls. In addition, we observed a positive correlation between the AA genotype in both CTLA-4 polymorphisms and RCC grade, suggesting a role for the CTLA4 gene in tumor development. Therefore, our data suggest the CTLA-4 gene may be a candidate as a renal adenocarcinoma susceptibility gene, but does not play an important role in colon cancer.