肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体蛋白表达及条件优化

目的:优化肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体(TRAIL)蛋白表达条件,探索包涵体复性和纯化方法。方法:用IPTG诱导pGEX-6P-1/TRAIL在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中表达,表达产物经稀释复性和透析复性法使GST-rTRAIL蛋白恢复天然构象;并运用Glutathione-Superflow Resin亲和层析柱纯化GST-rTRAIL目的蛋白,Western blotting分析目的蛋白。结果:GST-rTRAIL在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中表达约40 kDa的蛋白条带,与预期值相符,该蛋白以包涵体形式存在;0.2 mmol.L-1IPTG 37℃诱导8 h时,全菌蛋白表达量最高;复性后的蛋白溶液经Glutathione-Superflow Resin亲和层析纯化获得纯的目的蛋白,Western blotting显示能被鼠抗GST的标签抗体识别。结论:本实验结果显示IPTG浓度为0.2 mmol.L-1,37℃诱导8 h,GST-rTRAIL全菌蛋白的表达量最高;GST-rTRAIL蛋白包涵体经稀释复性、透析复性和Glutathione-Superflow Resin亲和层析柱分离纯化获得目的蛋白,为进一步研究其生物学功能及临床应用奠定基础。     

恶性疟原虫谷氨酸脱氢酶融合蛋白复性及纯化的研究

目的建立恶性疟原虫谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)融合蛋白质的复性和纯化方法。方法将含有恶性疟原虫GDH全长基因的融合蛋白表达质粒GDH/ pGEX-4T-1转化到宿主菌BL21,该GDH/GST融合蛋白在IPTG的诱导下获得高水平的表达,经SDS-PAGE分析表达产物主要为不溶性的包涵体。经超声酶解法、离心、变性剂/去污剂洗涤后获得包涵体。包涵体经8 mol/L尿素变性后分别采用分子筛柱层析、透析和稀释3种方法复性,并通过浊度分析、非还原SDS-PAGE等方法比较、优化复性方法和条件。复性后的GDH/GST融合蛋白经过不同柱层析方法进行纯化。结果经SDS-PAGE分析表明,GDH/GST融合蛋白表达量可占到菌体总蛋白的25%左右;浊度分析表明:稀释复性法优于其它两种方法,同时20 mmol/L Tris-HCl、1 mmol/L EDTA、pH8.5及GSSG/GSH=1∶10为该融合蛋白稀释复性的最佳条件,其复性回收率可达90%以上。复性产物采用二步阴离子交换层析可获得较好的纯化效果。结论通过稀释复性,二步阴离子交换层析可获得高纯度、具有天然空间构象的重组GDH/GST融合蛋白。     

人腺苷激酶在大肠杆菌中的表达与纯化

目的 诱导人腺苷激酶组组蛋自在大肠杆菌中表达,并对表达的重组蛋白进行纯化.方法 将由人腺苷激酶基因开放阅读框与原核表达载体pET30a(+)连接构建的重组蛋白表达载体pET30a(+)/ADK转化大肠杆菌表达菌株BL21(DE3)感受态细胞.1 mmol/L的IPTG诱导重组蛋白表达.离心收集菌体后结合使用溶菌酶、冻融和超声破碎的方法裂解菌体.用含2 mol/L和4 mol/L尿素的结合缓冲液洗涤包涵体去除部分杂蛋白.随后用含8 mol/L尿素的结合缓冲液变性溶解剩余包涵体沉淀.用Ni-NTA柱通过亲和层析纯化重组蛋白,用含8 mol/L尿素的洗脱缓冲液洗脱.收集样品透析复性.结果 成功构建人腺苷激酶原核表达载体且目的 蛋白以包涵体形式表达.经包涵体洗涤、变性溶解,亲和层析及分步透析复性获得纯度达85%以上的重组蛋白.结论 人腺苷激酶表达载体的成功构建以及重组蛋白的纯化.为进一步进行其结构和功能的研究奠定了基础.     

重组THANK诱导表达和变性、复性及纯化

目的 :获得较纯的具有生物学活性的 THANK蛋白。方法 :THANK基因在大肠杆菌中高效表达 ,菌体超声破碎后 ,以洗涤剂反复洗涤包涵体。包涵体经 8mol/L尿素变性溶解后 ,再用 Sephacryl S- 2 0 0凝胶过滤层析初步纯化 ,对重组蛋白浓度、氧化还原剂等复性参数进行优化和选择 ,将蛋白稀释复性。复性后组分经 Q Sapharose Fast Flow离子交换层析再次纯化 ,最后以 Sep hadex G- 2 5脱盐。 结果 :得到了纯度 >97%、具有一定生物学活性的 THANK蛋白。 结论 :THANK蛋白变性、复性及纯化方法的建立 ,为 THANK活性蛋白的制备提供了依据     

屋尘螨变应原Der p9基因的克隆表达、纯化及反应原性鉴定

目的克隆表达及纯化屋尘螨第九组变应原(Der p9)蛋白,并鉴定其反应原性。方法提取屋尘螨总RNA,通过RT-PCR克隆Der P9基因,并连接到pET-32a表达载体上,得到的重组质粒pET-32a-Der p9转化至E.Coli BL21(DE3),用异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达,通过镍离子亲和层析纯化目的蛋白;通过Western blotting等方法检测Der p9重组蛋白的反应原性。结果 Der p9基因片段大小约为850 bp,其基因片段与Gen Bank公布的Der p9基因(登录号为AAP57077.1)同源性为81.94%;重组Der p9在BL21(DE3)中可高效表达,分子质量约为47 k Da,表达后的重组蛋白主要以包涵体的形式存在。Der p9重组蛋白与屋尘螨过敏患者血清呈阳性反应,具有反应原性。结论成功克隆并表达出Der p9,通过纯化获得较强反应原性的Der p9重组蛋白,为尘螨过敏性疾病诊断及免疫治疗奠定理论基础。     

恶性疟原虫谷氨酸脱氢酶融合蛋白复性及纯化的研究

目的 建立恶性疟原虫谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)融合蛋白质的复性和纯化方法。方法 将含有恶性疟原虫GDH全长基因的融合蛋白表达质粒GDH／pGEX—4T—1转化到宿主菌BL21，该GDH／GST融合蛋白在IPTG的诱导下获得高水平的表达，经SDS—PAGE分析表达产物主要为不溶性的包涵体。经超声酶解法、离心、变性剂／去污剂洗涤后获得包涵体。包涵体经8mol／L尿素变性后分别采用分子筛柱层析、透析和稀释3种方法复性，并通过浊度分析、非还原SDS—PAGE等方法比较、优化复性方法和条件。复性后的GDH／GST融合蛋白经过不同柱层析方法进行纯化。结果 经SDS—PAGE分析表明，GDH／GST融合蛋白表达量可占到菌体总蛋白的25％左右；浊度分析表明：稀释复性法优于其它两种方法，同时20mmol／L，Tris—HCI、1mmoH，EDTA、pH8．5及GSSG／GSH=1：10为该融合蛋白稀释复性的最佳条件，其复性回收率可达90％以上。复性产物采用二步阴离子交换层析可获得较好的纯化效果。结论 通过稀释复性，二步阴离子交换层析可获得高纯度、具有天然空间构象的重组GDH／GST融合蛋白。     

重组人白细胞介素-17的复性研究

目的探讨重组人白细胞介素-17(rhIL-17)的复性条件。方法表达重组人白细胞介素-17的大肠杆菌经破碎、包涵体洗涤、裂解提取、复性、Sephacryl S-100层析柱纯化等技术方法,对复性相关参数进行优化。结果经纯化得到rhIL-17,蛋白纯度为97.2%,探索到了rhIL-17蛋白复性的最适条件。结论通过复性与纯化获得了高纯度有活性的rhIL-17。     

从包涵体中纯化重组人幽门螺杆菌热休克蛋白A亚单位

目的：建立一种有效从包涵体中纯化重组人幽门螺杆菌热休克蛋白A亚单位HspA的方法。方法：重组基因工程大肠杆菌发酵后，表达的Hp r HspA包涵体经洗涤，变性，复性，采用Q Sepharose High Performance阴离子交换层析和Superdex75凝胶过滤层析分离纯化，使用SDS－PAGE和HPLC检测纯度，选用ELISA和动物实验对纯化蛋白的免疫学活性和生物学活性进行鉴定。结果：Hp的HspA包涵经洗涤和溶解后，Hp的HspA的纯度＞60％，包涵体溶解液经阴离子交换层析和凝胶过滤层析后纯度超过95％，Hp的HspA纯品经检测具有良好的免疫学活性和生物学活性。结论：本研究建立的分离纯化方法可从包涵体中获得高纯度的重组HspA蛋白，为进一步的动物实验研究奠定了基础。     

黄牛朊蛋白原核表达产物的复性与活性分析

目的复性黄牛朊蛋白原核表达产物,分析复性蛋白的活性,以获得有活性的牛重组朊蛋白。方法构建并诱导表达黄牛朊蛋白基因重组菌,复性其包涵体裂解物,对GST-BoPrP（93～241）（Q234R）复性产物进行GSTrap FF柱层析纯化,通过十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和免疫印迹观察其提纯和复性效果。结果重组菌可表达分子质量约为42.4 ku的目的蛋白,包涵体裂解物经过透析复性后,可获得较高纯度的复性目的蛋白。各复性产物和纯化的GST-BoPrP（93～241）（Q234R）蛋白经免疫印迹鉴定,发现仅分子质量约为42.4 ku的条带与单抗4C11结合。结论获得高纯度复性黄牛朊蛋白原核表达蛋白,具有良好的免疫反应活性。     

杀伤细胞受体KIR3DS1胞外区的表达及纯化

目的表达并纯化杀伤细胞受体KIR3DSl胞外区。方法采用定向克隆的方法将KIR3DS1胞外区基因连接到pET28a-DsbA载体上,成功构建pET28a-DsbA/KIR3DS1重组质粒。将重组质粒导入大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）,IPTG诱导DsbA-KIR3DS1融合蛋白表达,溶解于8M尿素中的包涵体经Ni-NTA琼脂糖亲和层析纯化,成功进行复性,再经Su-perdex75凝胶层析柱进一步纯化,SDS-PAGE和Western blot鉴定目的蛋白的表达及纯化。结果表达产物呈部分可溶性表达,包涵体纯化后证实获得纯度〉95%的DsbA-KIR3DS1融合蛋白。结论 KIR3DS1胞外区的成功表达及纯化,为进一步研究KIR3DS1与相应配体之间相互作用奠定了基础。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.