新生儿脐带血乙肝标志物模式分析与临床价值

目的检测乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg）阳性产妇脐带血标本乙肝标志物,评价其临床价值。方法将HBsAg阳性产妇分为双阳性（HBsAg、HBeAg阳性）组和单阳性（HBsAg阳性、HBeAg阴性）组,在其分娩后留取新生儿脐带血进行乙肝标志物的检测。结果新生儿脐带血HBsAg阳性48例,宫内感染率3.46%,双阳性孕妇组新生儿宫内感染率6.78%,单阳性孕妇组新生儿宫内感染率2.09%,两组新生儿宫内感染率有显著差异（P〈0.01）。结论 HBsAg、HBeAg双阳性产妇更易发生宫内感染,双阳性育龄妇女,应积极治疗,待HBeAg转阴后再妊娠,以降低HBV母婴传播的机率。     

乙肝感染产妇与新生儿乙肝血清标志物检测结果分析

[目的]进一步了解本市乙肝血清标志物(HBV-M)阳性产妇与其新生儿HBV宫内感染状况,为有效阻断HBV母婴传播提供依据。[方法]回顾性调查本院336例HBV-M阳性(除单项抗-HBs阳性)产妇及其新生儿,根据传染性强弱将产妇模式分为3组,比较各模式组对新生儿HBV-M的影响进行分析。[结果]①产妇与新生儿HBV-M模式类型有差别,新生儿出现了临床上少见抗-HBs、HBeAg、抗-HBc圴阳性和HBeAg、抗-HBc圴阳性模式。②HBsAg阳性产妇的新生儿宫内感染率为10.2%,其HBV-M阳性率(除单项抗-HBs阳性外)为97.3%,其中HBsAg、HBeAg、抗-HBc均阳性(大三阳)产妇的新生儿宫内感染率达35.0%(14/40),HBV-M阳性率92.5%(37/40),且以HBeAg阳性为主。③HBsAg和HBeAg均阴性产妇的新生儿宫内感染率为0.5%,HBV-M阳性率为88.4%,并以产妇相同模式出现最多。[结论]本市HBsAg阳性特别是伴有HBeAg阳性产妇发生HBV宫内感染率较高,为高危因素,而HBsAg阴性产妇的新生儿HBV-M阳性率也较高,对HBV宫内传播的风险不可低估。     

乙肝预防四步曲

每个父母都希望自己的小宝宝身体健康,而我国乙肝感染率甚高,许多人由于没有采取合适的预防措施,使自己的孩子在出生时就感染了乙肝病毒。这些孩子身上的乙肝病毒更难以去除,往往会终生带有病毒,容易出现急、慢性发作,或发展成肝硬化;这些孩子在入托、入学时也有更多的麻烦。如何使得婴儿出生后不感染上乙肝,可按下面4个步骤进行。     

乙肝孕妇分娩方式与新生儿HBV宫内感染关系

目的 探讨乙型肝炎孕妇分娩方式与新生儿乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)宫内感染的关系.方法采用问卷调查方式收集HBsAg阳性孕妇分娩方式等资料,用酶联免疫吸附试验检测孕妇和新生儿出生24h内外周血乙肝病毒标志物,实时荧光定量PCR检测母亲和新生儿外周血HBV DNA含量.结果新生儿HBsAg阳性者101例,HBVDNA阳性者30例,二者任一项阳性者113例,宫内感染率为9.5％(113/1 191);孕妇分娩时选择阴道产582例,剖宫产609例,2组宫内感染率差异有统计学意义(x2= 18.563,P=0.001);孕妇血清HBeAg和HBV DNA均阴性、HBeAg阳性而HBV DNA阴性、HBeAg和HBV DNA均阳性时,阴道分娩组和剖宫产组新生儿宫内感染率差异均有统计学意义(x2值分别为7.382、4.919、5.364,均P＜0.05);HBsAg阳性孕妇HBV DNA含量≤103和105 ～ 107 copies/mL时的分娩方式与宫内感染均有关(x2值分别为10.777、8.450,均P＜0.05).结论分娩方式与新生儿HBV宫内感染有关,HBsAg阳性孕妇选择剖宫产可能有利于降低HBV宫内感染率.     

脐带血乙肝标志物的检测分析和产妇宫内乙肝感染的预防

目的探讨新生儿乙型肝炎宫内感染的机制及产妇与脐血乙肝血清标志物相关情况。方法在具有HBV感染的孕妇中，在其分娩后留取新生儿脐血进行乙肝标志物的检测。结果新生儿脐血中乙肝的宫内感染率为3．31％。结论通过了解新生儿宫内感染的机制及孕产妇乙肝标志物感染模式，积极做好孕产妇的乙肝免疫预防及新生儿的主、被动免疫工作，为减少新生儿AsC具有积极的意义。     

692例农行职工乙肝检测结果分析

据报道人民币携带ＨＢｓＡｇ，对我县密切接触人民币的农业银行系统职工进行 直检测调查，表明农行系统是ＨＢＶ主流行单位，ＨＢｓＡｇ携带阳性率为１２．４３％，ＨＢｓＡｇ携带阳性率与性别、年龄、工种与工龄等显著性差异，但ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｅＡｂ感染模式（Ｘ＾２＝９．６４，Ｐ〈０．０５），随年龄增高而降低，年龄分布有显著性差异，其它模式年龄分布无显著性差异，提示农行系统职工ＨＢＶ感染与密切接触人民币有一定关系     

荧光定量聚合酶链反应在检测乙肝孕妇患者血清HBV-DNA及母婴传播中的临床应用

目的 探讨乙型肝炎感染孕妇血清HBV-DNA含量和乙肝标志物与胎儿宫内感染的关系，同时针对高危人群采取适当措施，以降低宫内感染的发生率。方法 用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(FQ-PCR)方法，检测了59例乙肝感染孕妇血清以及其胎儿股静脉血的HBV-DNA的含量。结果 乙肝孕妇血清HBeAg阳性组HBV-DNA含量明显高于抗-Hbe和抗HBc阳性组，而后两组中部分病例HBV-DNA水平仍很高。胎儿发生宫内感染与其母亲血清HBV-DNA含量有关，随着孕妇血清中HBV-DNA含量的增高，胎儿发生宫内感染的危险性也呈增高的趋势。结论 定量PCR检测血清HBV-DNA水平对了解乙肝孕妇患者病毒复制和孕妇传染性的强弱与母婴传播的关系具有一定指导作用，采取适当措施，可以降低宫内感染的发生率。     

乙肝高价免疫球蛋白阻断乙肝母婴传播的研究

目的 研究乙肝高价免疫球蛋白(HBIg)阻断乙肝表面抗原(HSsAg)阳性孕妇乙型母婴传播效果。方法 79例HBsAg阳性孕妇随机分为治疗组(n=44)和对照组(n=35)，均在妊娠28周时抽取静脉血检测HBsAg、HBeAg和HBVDNA。治疗组自28周开始每4周肌注一次HBIg(2001U)直至分娩。对照组不给予上述药物。新生儿出生后即抽取脐静脉血检测HBVDNA。结果 治疗组新生儿HBVDNA阳性率明显低于对照组。HBeAg阳性孕妇所生新生儿HBVDNA阳性率明显高于HBeAg阴性者。结论 HBIg能有效降低HBsAg阳性孕妇的宫内感染率．HBVDNA检测可以作为是否应用HBIg的指征。     

母体注射乙型肝炎免疫球蛋白对乙型肝炎病毒宫内感染的影响及新生儿血清乙型肝炎病毒标志物的动态变化分析

目的研究母体注射乙型肝炎(乙肝)免疫球蛋白对乙肝病毒(HBV)宫内感染的影响及新生儿血清HBV标志物动态变化的分析。方法选取2014年6月-2015年2月该院收治的乙肝表面抗原及乙肝e抗原均阳性孕妇120例,按照孕妇是否愿意接受注射乙肝免疫球蛋白分成观察组62例及对照组58例。观察组单阳性(HBs Ag阳性)孕妇32例,双阳性(HBs Ag及HBe Ag阳性)孕妇30例;对照组中单阳性(HBs Ag阳性)29例,双阳性(HBs Ag及HBe Ag阳性)孕妇29例,4组分别记为Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组。Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组在妊娠第28周起,每周肌注乙肝免疫球蛋白400 U,直至生育新生儿。Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组则给予常规管理。结果 120例孕妇共生育134例新生儿,4组宫内感染率分别为2.63%、18.75%、21.21%、38.71%,相应地检测4组新生儿血清抗HBs产生情况,发现Ⅳ组与其他组比较,差异均具有统计学意义(χ~2=18.939 4,P0.05)。在新生儿第1年的不断检测下,Ⅰ组发生慢性HBV感染的比例为0.00%,而Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组逐渐升高,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=16.813 6,P0.05)。结论母体注射乙肝免疫球蛋白可有效降低HBV宫内感染概率,新生儿的HBs Ab阳性表达也明显提高,有助于HBV的防治。     

乙肝血清标志物检测与分析

[目的]分析乙肝2对半检测情况,为搞好乙肝防治工作提供科学依据。[方法]对门诊表抗阳性和乙肝疑似病人进行2对半检测,分析被检测人群2对半阳性状况。[结果]乙肝2对半检测人群中,以抗-HBc阳性率为最高(62.60%),HBsAg阳性其次(60.00%),第3为抗-HBe阳性(52.00%);86%(430/500)的被检测人群感染过乙肝,HBsAg、HBeAg与抗-HBc 3项阳性者占检测人群的16.40%(82/500);HBsAg、抗-HBe与抗-HBc 3项阳性者占检测人群的35.00%(175/500),只有20.93%(90/430)的乙肝病毒感染者产生保护性抗体;乙肝5项标志物阳性结果与性别无关。[结论]大部分乙肝病毒(HBV)感染者未产生保护性抗体;应加强对乙肝病毒(HBV)无免疫力的感染者及密切接触者的乙肝疫苗接种工作;应高度重视全人群预防乙肝的健康教育工作。     

父亲与新生儿乙型肝炎病毒传播感染方式调查

目的了解乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染父亲的新生儿群体中,HBV的感染和流行情况。方法筛选230名慢性HBV感染的父亲而母亲则无乙型肝炎病毒标志物(HBVM)的新生儿为研究对象,进行HBVM测定,另一组父母均无HBV感染标志的新生儿为对照组。结果44名新生儿血清HBV DNA阳性(阳性率为19.13%),测其含量为(6.851±2.317),其中40名父亲的血清HBV DNA含量为(7.345±1.572),两者之间经统计学分析无数量上的相关关系。结论HBV感染男性其子代中有较高的HBV感染率,提示HBV可以通过父婴垂直传播方式传染给新生儿。父亲与新生儿血清HBV DNA复制水平无相关性。     

Prevalence of hepatitis B markers in Italy

Among 5005 Navy recruits aged 18-26 years from all sections of Italy, whose blood was tested in 1981, regional prevalence of serologic markers for hepatitis B was higher in southern Italy and in the Italian islands as compared with northern Italy and central Italy (4.3% vs. 2.3% for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and 23.5% vs. 10.5% for any B marker). Social-demographic variables such as region, family size, and education were associated with hepatitis B as were the more traditionally associated variables related to blood or medical care such as history of intravenous injection, history of blood transfusion, or exposure to hospital. Number of siblings was positively related and educational attainment inversely related to prevalence of hepatitis B markers. The prevalence of HBsAg among Italian males aged 18-26 years with residence in southern Italy or in the Italian islands, whose education was limited to lower middle school, and who were from a family of eight siblings or more, is 14.6%. These are among the highest prevalence rates for hepatitis B antigen ever reported for a general population group in Europe. Good correlation exists between incidence of reported cases of hepatitis and prevalence of markers in the different regions of Italy.     

Serological markers of hepatitis B in people submitted to blood testing in health care clinics

OBJECTIVE: To study some of the epidemiological aspects of hepatitis B in a non-representative sample of patients seen in health care clinics. METHODS: The study population comprised 632 patients who were seen at health care clinics in the city of Ribeir?o Preto, Brazil, for the purpose of blood testing, regardless the reason. After signing a written consent, an additional amount of blood was drawn from the same venous puncture site used to collect the original sample for the testing assigned to the patient at the health care clinic. A questionnaire was applied to each participant, looking for the presence of risk factors for hepatitis B. The blood samples were tested for HBV markers, using immunoenzimatic techniques. RESULTS: The prevalences of HBsAg and anti-HBcAg were 0.3% and 13.9%, respectively. By a logistic regression model, the following variables were significantly associated with the infection: age, time of residency in the city (higher risk among those living for a period less than one year), past history of hepatitis, incarceration and sexual behavior (higher risk among homosexual and bisexual males). CONCLUSIONS: The growing difficulties in obtaining blood samples from a representative group of patients, as done in classic surveys, make it necessary to look for alternative methodologies which can provide information concerning the presence of infectious agents in a community. Though the results cannot be generalized to the population as a whole, the methodology used conveyed some knowledge regarding the circulation of hepatitis B virus. In addition, it makes much easier to obtain agreement from the participants, since it does not add any invasive procedure. Despite the limitations, this methodology may be helpful in epidemiological surveillance of infectious agents known as producing asymptomatic infections in much of the population.     

1180例新生儿脐血红细胞参数分析

目的:探讨影响新生儿脐血红细胞参数的因素。方法:采集1 180例新生儿脐血,利用全自动红细胞分析仪检测红细胞数(RBC)、血红蛋白含量(HB)、红细胞平均体积(MCV)、红细胞平均血红蛋白含量(MCH)、红细胞压积(HCT)、红细胞体积分布宽度(RDW)。分析不同性别、孕周及分娩方式新生儿脐血红细胞参数的差异。结果:男性新生儿的RBC、HB、HCT和RDW高于女性新生儿(P<0.05),MCV和MCH低于女性新生儿(P<0.05);足月产儿的HB、MCV、MCH和RDW低于早产儿(P<0.05);顺产新生儿的RBC、HB和HCT较剖宫产儿高(P<0.05)。结论:新生儿脐血红细胞参数受性别、孕周及分娩方式等因素的影响;了解新生儿红细胞参数,有助于某些遗传性血液病的早期筛查。     

乙肝病毒携带产妇乳汁、唾液乙肝病毒标志物检测结果分析

目的:探讨乙肝病毒携带产妇乳汁、唾液中乙肝病毒的携带情况,以指导正确进行母婴喂养和母婴接触。方法:用ELISA法检测32例携带乙肝病毒产妇的血液、乳汁、唾液乙肝病毒标志物;用荧光定量PCR法检测其中25例孕产妇血清的HBV-DNA含量。结果:乙肝病毒携带产妇的乳汁HBsAg阳性率为40.6%,唾液HBsAg阳性率为37.5%,两者没有显著性差异(P>0.05);血HBeAg阳性产妇乳汁和唾液HBsAg阳性率、血HBV-DNA阳性率均比HBeAg阴性者高(P<0.05);部分HBeAg阴性乙肝病毒携带产妇血清HBV-DNA阳性,乳汁和唾液中也能检出HBsAg。结论:①血HBeAg阳性产妇乳汁、唾液潜在传染性高,建议采用人工喂养,最好适当进行母婴隔离。②血HBeAg阴性乙肝病毒携带产妇仍有传染HBV的可能,建议检测血HBV-DNA含量,以指导正确进行哺乳及母婴接触。     

我国乙型肝炎疫苗接种前筛检策略的优化

By means of decision tree model and cost-effectiveness analysis 15 kinds of programmes which may be used for hepatitis B virus markers screening in vaccination were evaluated. The results showed that the most cost-effective alternative was to identify the negatives for anti-HBc again after testing for anti-HBs and vaccinating all test negatives. That is to say it must not be adopted for persons to be tested for HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc before being vaccinated. Sensitivity and threshold analysis were also done to determine the effects of changes in the costs of vaccine and screening tests.     

Seroepidemiological study of hepatitis B virus markers in Japan

BackgroundIn Japan, since 1986, selective vaccination has been implemented as a hepatitis B prevention strategy. The target of vaccination is the infant born to a hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive mother. The current Japanese hepatitis B prevention strategy focuses on reducing the number of HBV carriers but overlooks the risk to susceptible populations. We conducted a nationwide HBV seroepidemiological study to explore the next hepatitis B control strategy.MethodsWe used sera derived from healthy individuals collected nationwide from 2005 through 2011 to investigate the HBsAg seroprevalence among children aged 4–9 years and 10–15 years (3000 samples) and hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) seroprevalence among people 10–39 years of age (600 samples).FindingsAmong sera from 3000 children, 5 (0.17%) specimens were HBsAg-positive. There was no significant difference in HBsAg prevalence between age groups. Among 600 samples, 15 (2.5%) were HBcAb-positive. Out of 15 samples, 4 were from teenagers. Both HBsAg- and HBcAb-positive sera were found mainly in the Southern area of Japan.ConclusionThe prevalence of HBsAg among children was 0.17% in the present study. This is higher than the prevalence reported in previous studies performed in the local area or in blood donors. The prevalence of HBcAb is also higher than we estimated. One of the reasons for this discrepancy from previous studies may be due to the small sample size and the impact of HBV high-endemic areas included in the present nationwide study. Nevertheless, our findings revealed that the opportunities for acquiring HBV infection in the susceptible population were more frequent than we thought, especially in some localities. Hepatitis B vaccination should be introduced into the routine child immunization program for susceptible populations, and the selective vaccination program should be continued for high-risk children.