社区心理卫生服务需求调查

目的研究城市居民对社区开展心理卫生服务的需求情况和特点,以提出适合我国国情的社区心理卫生服务模式。方法采用问卷调查方法,对深圳市宝安区420户居民及31个社区卫生服务站进行访谈式调查。调查内容包括社区居民对开展心理卫生服务的需求状况及目前实际情况等。结果25岁以下和26～40岁的人群对心理卫生服务的需求量,分别占到35%和36%;认为需要心理卫生服务的居民占被调查居民数的86%。而社区医护人员数量基本上能满足增设心理卫生服务的需要,但缺乏必要的设施及相应的培训。结论社区开展心理卫生服务有较大发展前景,应引起广泛重视和关注。     

城市社区心理卫生服务现状研究

目的 :为不断满足人们对心理卫生服务的需求 ,随机抽取武汉市 1 1个社区卫生服务机构 ,对在社区开展心理卫生服务的认识、现有的条件、存在的问题等进行调查。结果 :54 55 %的医务人员对心理卫生知识有一定的了解 ;社区医务人员基本上没有人受过正规的、系统的心理卫生知识的培训 ;所调查的社区卫生服务机构没有设立专门的心理卫生服务专科门诊。讨论 :我国的社区心理卫生服务应开展各种心理卫生宣传活动与个别心理服务相结合 ;开办社区心理卫生服务门诊 ,满足居民群众寻求心理卫生服务帮助的需要 ;卫生主管部门要重视对社区卫生中心开展心理卫生服务的督导和管理 ,在配备资源时应该重点考虑心理卫生服务 ,加强对社区医务人员的系统培训     

新形势下社区心理卫生服务现状分析及思考

现代社会竞争日趋激烈,人口和家庭结构变化显著,心理健康问题已成为我国重要的公共卫生和社会问题,心理服务越来越受社会的重视,医院心理服务远不能满足人们的需要。开展社区心理服务、普及心理卫生知识、有效地预防和化解心理危机,使社区居民不出社区就能享受到免费、快捷、有     

社区心理卫生服务的现状及对策

心理健康是一种持续的心理状况,指一个人的生理、心理与社会处于相互协调的和谐状态。心理健康状况差会导致人们产生沮丧、抑郁等心理问题,长期处于心理不佳的状态下,易引发心身疾病,影响健康和生活质量^[1]。世界卫生组织近年来对许多国家的调查研究证明,在全世界的人口中,     

我国社区心理卫生服务存在的问题与对策分析

从20世纪50年代发展起来的社区心理卫生服务已被世界各国证明是一种减少心理疾病发病、预防复发、减少心理残疾的行之有效的模式，成为全世界心理卫生工作发展的方向。因而，社区心理卫生服务的研究也成为各国政府和医疗部门研究的重要课题，我国政府也积极采取了发展社区心理卫生服务，满足居民心理服务需求的措施。但由于我国的社区心理卫生服务起步较晚，在发展中还存在着许多不足，文章主要就社区心理卫生服务我国存在的问题及其原因进行充分的分析并提出相应的对策，以期能为管理部门决策提供参考。     

深圳市社区居民心理卫生需求调查与分析

目的 调查深圳市社区居民的心理卫生需求,为深人开展心理卫生进社区提供依据和指导. 方法 设计封闭式调查问卷,对深圳市福田区的社区居民心理卫生需求进行抽样调查. 结果对于心理卫生服务,社区居民首选的心理服务方式是社区(占47.5%),其次是电话(占41.3%),然后是综合医院心理门诊(占27.5%),最不愿意的选择是精神病医院(占1.8%). 结论社区居民心理卫生需求较大,对社区居民提供心理卫生服务很有必要性.     

绍兴市产妇心理卫生服务利用现状调查

目的:探讨绍兴市产妇心理卫生服务的利用现状,为有效开展社区产妇心理卫生服务提供合理依据.方法:对绍兴市华舍街道社区产后42天的产妇,进行产后心理卫生服务和健康状况调查.结果:该研究中,共计68例产妇在产后曾存在心理卫生服务需求,46例曾接受过某种形式的心理卫生服务;产妇的职业、费用支付方式、心理健康情况、生育思想准备等均是影响产妇心理卫生服务主观需求的重要因素.结论:目前绍兴市产妇心理卫生服务利用率低,产妇缺乏有效的接受心理服务途径,应进一步增强相关知识的宣传,实现心理关怀和初级保健的结合,以保证产妇顺利度过产后转换期.     

上海市中心城区社区老年人群心理卫生服务需求探究

目的了解上海市中心城区社区老年人群心理卫生服务需求情况,以期探寻适合我国城市社区老年人群心理卫生服务的模式和方法。方法采用问卷形式对上海市某中心城区250位60岁以上老年人进行了整群随机抽样的入户调查。结果分别有17.3%、5.8%、5.6%的老年人认为自己"偶尔"、"经常"以及"需要定期"的心理卫生服务。其中,50.0%的自评健康状况很差,54.6%的对目前生活表示不太满意,40.9%的认为目前家庭压力比较大,40.0%的认为目前经济压力比较大的老年人对心理卫生服务有需求(即认为自己偶尔、经常或需要定期得到心理卫生服务)。只有8.2%的老年人接受过心理卫生方面的服务。老年人获得心理卫生知识的渠道主要是电视、广播、报纸、杂志等。结论应大力加强心理卫生服务的宣传,积极构建以社区为基础的社区老年心理卫生服务模式。     

社区卫生服务机构心理卫生服务能力现状调查

目的了解本区域内社区卫生服务机构的心理卫生服务能力现况。方法对全区13家社区卫生服务中心、115名精防医生进行问卷调查,包括社区卫生服务机构的精神卫生服务人员基本情况、具备心理咨询资质情况、心理咨询师的服务情况、机构关于心理卫生服务的计划与打算等内容。结果13家社区卫生服务中心共有26名心理咨询师,但其中1家机构的咨询师达18名之多,占69．23％;在承担社区精神卫生服务的115名精防医生中,具有心理咨询师资质的只有1名,仅占0．87％;社区中26名心理咨询师平时以不同形式提供心理卫生服务的只有5名,仅占19．23％。结论社区卫生服务机构的心理卫生服务资源缺乏、分布不均、利用率不高,亟需加强社区心理卫生服务能力建设。     

深圳市兴围社区劳务工心理卫生干预效果评价

目的对深圳市兴围社区劳务工心理卫生干预进行效果评价。方法针对宝安区心理卫生中心在兴围社区开展心理卫生进社区工作8个月的资料,进行回顾性分析社区内劳务工在干预前后心理卫生状况及效果,同时设对照组以排除时间差异和政策面对统计数据的干扰。心理卫生进社区的方法有心理知识讲座、电话咨询、支持性心理辅导和门诊病人的心理疏导等多种方式相结合。采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行有关因素分析。结果干预后试点组和对照组SCL-90各因子均分和总均分比较有显著性差异(P﹤0.05或P<0.01);试点组干预前后配对SCL-90各因子均分和总均分比较有显著性差异(P﹤0.05或P<0.01);干预效果显示较低年龄组(18～35岁)比较高年龄组(36～55岁)干预效果好。性别差异未进行统计。结论心理卫生进社区工作的开展对劳务工心理健康有重要意义,心理卫生知识讲座和门诊疏导为最有效措施。     

社区老年人健康状况及卫生服务调查

目的对社区老年人的健康状况以及卫生服务情况进行调查。方法 2010年6月随机抽查广州市社区所属居委中的南园东居委340户家庭个人档案,调查分析该居委60岁以上老年人健康状况。结果慢性病患者69.06%,慢性病患病率排在前五位的是高血压、白内障、冠心病、慢性支气管炎及慢性阻塞性肺疾病、糖尿病。吸烟、高盐饮食是高血压发病的危险因素,参加体育锻炼可以有效降低冠心病、糖尿病的发病率。结论以预防保健为基础,大力开展社区卫生服务,是解决老年人卫生问题的主要途径。     

UHPP项目社区卫生服务机构发展状况分析

目的了解中英城市卫生服务与贫困医疗救助(UHPP)项目的社区卫生服务机构发展状况。方法采用分层抽样方法,在沈阳和成都共抽取13个社区卫生服务机构(CHS)。用定量和定性相结合的调查方法,对2001年～2004年间机构各方面发展状况进行调查分析。结果与2001年比较,UHPP项目的社区卫生服务机构设备配置明显增加,科室设置基本齐全,人员的职称和学历结构得到优化,机构服务内容得到拓展,服务量大幅提高,管理信息系统也有一定发展。结论UHPP项目的社区卫生服务机构发展迅速,但目前仍需加强城市社区卫生服务机构专业人才培养及完善管理信息系统。     

Perceptions of the community on the pricing of community mental health services

In the past few years there has been a decrease in governmental support of Community Mental Health centers. Because of this, there has been some concern, on the part of Community Mental Health professionals, as to the overall impact of this decreased governmental support. Research has been conducted that speculates on how best to handle this mini-crisis. One article suggests moving to an overall marketing approach to help combat this dollar support decline (Day and Ford 1988). Others provide methods for surveying Community Mental Health users (Ludke, Curry & Saywell 1983). William Winston (1988) suggests an overall psychographic segmentation approach to developing market targets. There has also been research detailing promotional methods for expanded marketing coverage (Moldenhauer 1988), however little has been written defining the pricing impact on Community Mental Health services. This study addresses the perceptions of Community Mental Health Center users toward the price variable of the marketing mix.     

发展中国社区精神卫生服务体系的思考

中国社区精神卫生的发展必须基于中国人口众多、精神疾病人数庞大的现状,结合我国已经开展的精神疾病三级防治模式,取国外先进经验之长,将先进的管理模式和中国国情有机结合起来,重点是发展多专业合作的精神卫生服务团队、健全相关法律条文、整合社区社会资源、规范社区康复机构运作、加强综合性家庭干预等。通过社区精神卫生服务体系建设,降低精神疾病发病率、减少肇事率,促进社区居民精神卫生健康水平。     

Ethnic minority status and adolescent mental health services utilization

Adolescents who are members of ethnic minority groups constitute a large and ever increasing proportion of the population. While the information base regarding mental health problems and mental health services utilization in adolescents in general is slowly increasing, relatively little knowledge has accumulated about the particular needs and practices of youth of color. The purpose of this article is to review the available literature about adolescent mental health needs and service utilization as well as literature regarding adult ethnicity and mental health service utilization. The conclusion of this review is that significant gaps exist in our knowledge base regarding ethnicity in adolescents and its implications for the utilization of mental health services. The limited data available suggest that significant numbers of adolescents of color have multiple needs for mental health care and that a complex set of barriers exists to prevent them from obtaining appropriate servicies. A variety of suggestions are offered to improve the opportunities for and the quality of mental health services for ethnic minority adolescents. This research was supported by Grant MH 47786 from the National Institute of Mental Health.     

Case management in mental health services:the role of community mental health support teams

The progressive reduction in the numbers of hospital places available for people with mental health problems has led to an increasing demand on community support services. One response has been the development within social services departments of community mental health support teams, which employ largely unqualified staff who offer support to people with longer term mental health needs. The paper examines to what extent the practice of one authority's support teams reflects an appropriate ‘case management’ style of service, as developed in the USA to address the needs of long-term community patients. Key features of this approach are identified, and used as the basis of analysis of the support teams' practice in relation to 214 cases. It is concluded that a ‘case management’ model can be appropriate for work involving unqualified staff, provided that the service structure as a whole enables access to other skills as appropriate. Two specific risks are identified: firstly that the service is developed because of cost rather than appropriateness; and secondly that the service can rapidly become silted up with increasing numbers of people who need service of indefinite duration.     

Developing community mental health services: an evaluation of Glasgow's mental health resource centres

Greater Glasgow Health Board's strategy for the development of community mental health services includes the establishment, over a 7-year period, of multi-disciplinary community mental health resource centres throughout Glasgow. An evaluation of the first phase of the development was carried out in three resource centres. This focused on three key themes: the establishment of multi-disciplinary teams, targeting of those with the most severe illnesses and the participation of users in the care process. The evaluation exercise comprised five substantive elements: analysis of the clinical database; interviews with staff within each of those centres, interviews with representatives of key external agencies associated with each centre; a survey of general practitioners; and a survey of the views of clients, their carers, their key workers, and their general practitioners (GPs). Clients were generally very satisfied with the services and felt that the resource centres met all their mental health needs. Although the majority of current centre cases had severe mental illnesses and those with the more severe conditions had the highest contact rates there was evidence that in the absence of a clear framework for referral the centres were also providing services for those with less severe illnesses. Despite a wish by centre staff to move towards modes of working less dominated by health professionals and more inclusive of other resources and especially of clients themselves, these goals remained to be achieved: there was a lack of clarity in the definition of the appropriate target groups for the centres; access to crisis support was regarded as problematic; the concept of multi-disciplinary team working had yet to be fully realized with evidence suggesting that some psychiatrists working in the resource centres had not embraced many aspects of the new approach to service delivery including a focus on the severely ill; and progress towards the ideal of active client involvement had been slow.