Ti-6Al-7Nb 喷砂酸蚀处理后对大鼠成骨细胞的影响

摘要 目的 纯钛（Ti）和Ti-6Al-7Nb(TC20)经机械打磨和喷砂酸蚀(SLA)两种不同方法处理后,研究其内部结构、表面能对小鼠成骨细胞的影响。方法 选取纯钛和Ti-6Al-7Nb钛片若干分为实验组和对照组,对照组直接用砂纸机械打磨,实验组用含有Al203的大颗粒石英砂和配比好的酸蚀液喷砂酸蚀两种钛片表面,将从小鼠中提取的成骨细胞接种于钛片上,使用低倍数显微镜观察经过不同处理的两种钛片表面形貌,接触角测量仪分析钛片表面亲水性,将喷砂酸蚀处理的两种钛片放入模拟体液(SBF)中7d、14d、21d后用扫描电镜(SEM)、X线衍射仪(XRD)观察样品表面沉积物形貌、物相,扫描电镜观察小鼠成骨细胞形貌,MTT测量小鼠成骨细胞增殖情况。结果 纯钛和Ti-6Al-7Nb打磨组表面呈机械划痕,喷砂酸蚀组表面拥有大量孔洞形貌,喷砂酸蚀处理后的钛片表面为亲水性结构,样品浸入模拟体液14天后Ti-6Al-7Nb表面最先观察到表面覆盖的羟基磷灰石涂层, 样品浸入模拟体液后21d,Ti和Ti-6Al-7Nb表面都观察到羟基磷灰石涂层,小鼠成骨细胞大量附着在喷砂酸蚀处理的钛片表面,经统计学分析成骨细胞在喷砂酸蚀组表面增殖能力强于光滑组（P<0.05）。结论 喷砂酸蚀处理的Ti-6Al-7Nb有利于成骨细胞的黏附, 羟基磷灰石涂层有利于促进种植体与骨组织的结合。     

TiO2纳米管表面聚合物辅助沉积Ta2O5涂层对MC3T3-E1细胞生物学活性的影响

目的 探讨TiO₂纳米管表面聚合物辅助沉积五氧化二钽(Ta₂O₅)涂层对小鼠成骨前体细胞MC3T3-E1生物学活性的影响。方法 制备出Ta/TiO₂纳米管(Ta/NT组)、Ta₂O₅/纯钛(Ta₂O₅/PT组)及Ta₂O₅/TiO₂纳米管(Ta₂O₅/NT组)3组样本，其中后2组的Ta₂O₅涂层通过聚合物辅助沉积法制备。对3组样品进行表征检测：扫描电镜(SEM)观察表面形貌，X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析表面元素组成，X射线衍射(XRD)检测表面化合物。选用MC3T3-E1细胞探讨3组样品对细胞生物学活性影响；荧光显微镜观察细胞骨架和细胞核的黏附；CCK-8法测定细胞活性；检测细胞碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性；茜素红染色后半定量分析钙沉积；Real-time PCR...     

钛表面载银抗菌功能膜的抑菌性研究

目的 通过对钛片进行表面处理制备出载银抗菌功能膜,研究处理前后钛片对种植体周围炎易感细菌的抑菌性能.方法 利用微弧氧化法在钛表面制备陶瓷层,运用光催化沉积将银离子沉积于陶瓷层表面,制得含银离子的杭菌功能膜;采用扫描电镜观察钛片处理前后表面形貌及抗细菌黏附性能;通过计算抑菌率研究处理前后钛片对牙龈卟啉单胞菌及金黄色葡萄球...     

骨科钛板表面TiO2纳米管阵列/MCM-41分子筛复合型药物载体的构建及负载阿仑磷酸钠缓释性能研究

目的 构建一种骨科钛板表面TiO2纳米管阵列/MCM-41分子筛复合型药物载体,考察阿仑膦酸钠负载在复合体上的缓释性能.方法 通过溶胶-凝胶法能获得稳定的TiO2纳米管阵列/MCM-41分子筛复合型药物载体,利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜(SEM)、比表面积仪表征了TiO2纳米管阵列/MCM-41分子筛复合型药物载体的形貌和比表面积,通过柱前衍生化HPLC法测定阿仑膦酸钠(ALN)负载在复合体上的缓释性能.结果 TiO2纳米管阵列/MCM-41分子筛复合型药物载体的比表面积为151.27 m2/g,孔容为0.232 cm3/g,负载在该复合载体中的ALN在l～4 d仅释放了65.44％,8d后的释放率达到85.03％％.结论 骨科钛板表面TiO2纳米管阵列/MCM-41分子筛复合型药物载体较单纯的TiO2纳米管阵列具有更大的比表面积,能够有效提高骨科钛板表面的药物担载量,同时提高ALN在骨科钛板表面的缓释性能.     

纯镁微弧氧化-NaOH-Zn膜层的抗菌性研究

目的:研究纯镁微弧氧化-NaOH-Zn膜层的抗菌性.方法:超声微弧氧化组(MAO)设为A组,化学镀锌10min的MAO纯镁(MAO-Zn)设为B组,碱处理后化学镀锌10min的MAO纯镁(MAO-NaOH-Zn)设为C组.进行抗菌试验,对比实验结果.结果:C组24h黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌菌落数明显低于B组、A组,C组抗菌率明显高于B组、A组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:纯镁微弧氧化-NaOH-Zn膜层有较强的抗菌性,应用于口腔植入材料能够预防感染,且经微弧氧化处理能够解决镁基材料降解过快的问题.     

钛及钛合金种植体的两种表面处理对细菌黏附能力的影响

目的研究两种表面处理(等离子渗氮和物理气相沉积TiN涂层)对钛、钛合金表面的组织结构、性能及对变形链球菌黏附的影响。方法将相同规格的钛、钛合金片经逐级抛光后分别随机分成3组,每组3片,依次为抛光组,渗氮表面处理组,TiN涂层表面处理组。以抛光钛、钛合金组作为对照。测量所有试件表面的粗糙度值,并采用扫描电镜、Axiovert 25CA光学图像分析仪及GDA750对钛、钛合金表面渗镀层的表面形态进行分析;将材料接种于变形链球菌悬液,在荧光显微镜下计数黏附细菌的数量。结果两种表面处理仅使原有表面粗糙度略微增加;扫描电镜显示两种表面处理后材料表面的原始划痕消失;GDS检测分析结果表明:钛、钛合金两种表面处理后,表面主要由氮化钛化合物组成。经两种处理后,钛、钛合金黏附细菌的量显著减少,而两种表面处理差异无统计学意义。结论钛、钛合金经两种表面处理后形成了稳定的改性层,且能减少细菌的黏附。相对于有涂层脱落之忧的物理气相沉积TiN涂层技术,等离子渗氮技术有望作为种植体穿龈部和种植体基台部的表面处理技术。     

活性磷酸钙复合明胶海绵的制备及对骨缺损修复的实验研究

目的 探讨矿化明胶海绵作为支架材料在骨组织工程应用中的可行性.方法 应用醋酸钙和磷酸钠试剂分别对可吸收明胶海绵用沉积(P)和微波炉法进行表面矿化,运用扫描电镜、X线衍射、傅立叶红外衍射对表面改良的明胶海绵进行理化性能检测.动物实验:新西兰兔颅骨缺损动物模型,制备6 mm直径大小的全颅层缺损区,4、8、12周组织形态学观察分析比较矿化和未矿化的明胶海绵及临床上常用骨移植材料Bio-oss的成骨效果.结果 扫描电镜显示表面处理明胶海绵表面均匀被覆粗糙膜状物质,X线衍射、傅立叶红外衍射显示表面处理明胶海绵具有磷酸灰石成分.微波炉法优于沉积法.组织切片显示矿化明胶海绵支架有良好的组织相容性.在材料周围有大量的未矿化的新生骨,同时有很多成骨细胞和破骨细胞存在,能有效修复新西兰兔的颅骨缺损区.结论 微波炉法是一种简单高效的表面涂层技术,表面改良的明胶海绵作为组织工程支架材料具有广阔的发展前景.     

三点弯曲法探究深冷处理对钛瓷结合力的影响

目的研究深冷处理技术对铸造纯钛烤瓷金瓷结合力的影响,探讨改善钛瓷结合强度的新技术,以期延长纯钛烤瓷的临床使用寿命,并提供理论和试验依据。方法试件尺寸依据ISO9693:1999标准制备。先制备纯钛铸造试件,之后随机分为对照组(A组)、烤瓷前深冷处理组(B组)和烤瓷后深冷处理组(C组)3个组,分别按顺序完成深冷处理及瓷层的堆塑烧结后,在电子万能试验机上对纯钛烤瓷试件依次进行3点弯曲测试,对测得的数据运用统计学软件进行分析。结果 3点弯曲测试结果:各组试件的钛瓷结合强度分别为:A组(30±5)MPa,B组(31±5)MPa,C组(36±4)MPa,各组间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。C组的结合力高于其他2组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而B组与A组的结合力强度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论深冷处理技术有利于纯钛烤瓷钛瓷结合强度的提高。     

不同义齿清洁方式对铸造纯钛支架表面形貌的影响

目的评价5种不同义齿清洁方式对铸造纯钛支架表面形貌的影响。方法离心铸造35个纯钛试样(15 mm×10 mm×2 mm),将试样高度抛光,根据义齿不同清洁方式将试样随机分为5组:对照组A组,蒸馏水浸泡;实验组B、C、D、E组,B组牙刷+蒸馏水刷洗2 min,C组牙刷+牙膏刷洗2 min,D组保丽净清洁液浸泡5 min,E组保丽净清洁液浸泡5 min+牙刷刷洗2 min,重复以上处理过程180个循环。粗糙度仪测试试样处理前后表面粗糙度(Ra),扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察试样处理前后表面结构(刷痕、腐蚀坑)。结果 1B组、C组、D组和E组试样处理前后表面粗糙度值(Ra)差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),C组Ra增加最大。处理后各组试样Ra值不全相同,其中与对照组A组比较,B组、C组、D组、E组Ra值较A组增加,且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);B组与E组之间Ra值差异无统计学意义,其他各组两两之间Ra值差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2不同清洁方式处理后A、D组试样表面无刷痕,B组、E组试样表面可见方向一致的浅刷痕,C组试样表面可见明显方向一致的连续深刷痕。不同方式处理后试样表面均未观察到腐蚀坑。结论保丽净清洁液清洁方式不会改变铸造纯钛支架表面形貌;牙刷+蒸馏水、保丽净清洁液+牙刷清洁方式对铸造纯钛支架表面形貌影响较小;牙刷+牙膏清洁方式可明显改变铸造纯钛支架表面形貌。     

医用镁合金微弧氧化后不同涂层抑菌性及骨诱导性的研究

目的:对医用镁合金进行微弧氧化处理,得到钙磷涂层、钙磷银涂层与未处理镁合金植入体一起进行兔下颌骨内植入实验及体外抑菌试验,以评价不同涂层及未处理镁合金植入体的骨诱导性、抑菌性能.方法:上述材料无菌条件下植入兔下颌骨,术后4、8、12周分批处死后取材,采用X线图像分析处理系统、体外抑菌实验来评价骨修复状况及不同镁合金植入体的抑菌性能.结果:本实验三种植入体中钙磷银镁合金植入体的骨修复效果要好于钙磷组,钙磷组要好于未处理组;钙磷银涂层镁合金植入体具有抑菌性能,钙磷组及未处理组镁合金植入体不具备抑菌性能.结论:钙磷银涂层镁合金植入体具有抑菌作用.经过微弧氧化处理后的钙磷银涂层镁合金植入体,能更好的诱导骨修复,其中以钙磷银涂层镁合金的骨修复效果最好.     

Decreased platelet monoamine oxidase activity in female bulimia nervosa.

The involvement of brain serotonin systems in the pathophysiology of eating disorders has been repeatedly demonstrated in recent studies. Platelet MAO activity is an index of brain serotonin activity and lowered platelet MAO levels have been found in association with impulsive behaviors. In addition, some preliminary reports indicate that platelet MAO could be lowered in eating disorder patients. Methods: 47 patients with DSM-IV eating disorders were studied, including 30 with bulimia nervosa and 17 with anorexia nervosa binge eating-purging type. Platelet MAO activity was measured by isotopic methods using C-14 benzylamine and compared with a control group of 30 healthy subjects. Impulsive personality features were studied with specific rating scales. Results: Platelet MAO activity was significantly lower (4.4+/-2.4 nmol/h/10(8) platelets) in the bulimic patients than in the control group (6.9+/-2.5) (p<0.001). No significant differences were found between pure bulimics and binge eating-purging anorectics. Platelet MAO was inversely and significantly correlated with scores on impulsivity scales and with borderline personality disorder characteristics. Conclusions: Platelet MAO activity is lowered in patients with bulimia, which may reflect dysfunction in impulse control mechanisms. Since platelet MAO has a predominant genetic component, there is need for studies on the association of low platelet MAO and higher risk for developing eating disorders.     

深冷处理对牙科铸造纯钛显微硬度及耐磨性的影响

目的探讨深冷处理对牙科纯钛铸件显微硬度及耐磨性的影响。方法制作40个牙科铸造纯钛试件,其中20个试件用于显微硬度测试,其余20个用于耐磨性测试,分别将其随机分为4组：对照组（A、A’组）、深冷处理组（B、B’组）、深冷处理和回火组（C、C’组）、循环深冷处理和回火组（D、D’组）,每组5个试件。采用维氏硬度仪测定试件的显微硬度,喷砂磨损条件下重量损失量用于检测试件的耐磨性。结果B、C、D组的显微硬度均高于A组,除B、D两组外（P〉0．05）,其余两两组间比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）,D组显微硬度最高。B’、C’、D’组重量损失量均低于A’组,两两组问比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,D’组重量损失量最低。结论深冷处理是提高牙科铸造纯钛显微硬度及耐磨性的有效方法,其可能成为提高牙科材料性能的新方法。     

MAO activity in rat brain stem and cerebral cortex: effect of acute and chronic treatment with ethanol and tetrahydropapaveroline

Brain mitochondria were prepared from rat brain stem and cerebral cortex. Four substrates were used for enzyme characterization: dopamine, serotonin, noradrenaline and tryptamine. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) activities were tested on two different groups of rats treated with ethanol and tetrahydropapaveroline (THP); another group was used as control group. Data obtained show that there is almost always activation of MAO activities after acute treatment with either ethanol or THP, while after chronic treatment, the two drugs show opposite effects. In particular, the same type of MAO activity continues to be activated by ethanol, whereas it is inhibited by THP.     

The effects of hydergine on the MAO activity of the aged and adult rat brain

Despite the fact that hydergine has been used in the treatment of dementia for many years, its mechanism of action is still not clear. Current studies imply that the major effect of hydergine may be the modulation of synaptic neurotransmission rather than solely increasing blood flow as was once thought. A prominent feature that accompanies aging is an increase in monoamine oxidase (MAO) levels which results in decreased availability of catecholamines in the synaptic cleft. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of hydergine on the MAO activity in different brain regions (cortex, olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, hippocampus, striatum, cerebellum) of old (30 months) and adult (12 months) male Sprague-Dawley rats. In cortex and olfactory bulb MAO levels were higher in the aged group. In hippocampus and hypothalamus hydergine treatment caused significant decreases in MAO levels. An interaction between age and hydergine treatment was observed in the hypothalamus, hippocampus and cerebellum. The hydergine effect was more pronounced in the aged group in the hypothalamus and cerebellum, and more pronounced in the adult in the hippocampus. Our findings imply that increased brain MAO activity in aging can be modified by hydergine treatment in some brain regions.     

脑栓通胶囊对痴呆小鼠脑组织MAO及海马神经元的影响

目的研究脑栓通胶囊对D-半乳糖所致痴呆小鼠脑组织MAO及海马神经元的影响。方法将36只小鼠随机均分为正常对照组、模型组、脑栓通胶囊组和脑复康阳性对照组。模型组、脑栓通胶囊组和脑复康阳性对照组每天皮下注射D-半乳糖120mg/kg,连续注射6周;正常对照组每天皮下注射同等体积的生理盐水;模型对照组与正常对照组每天灌胃等量的生理盐水,脑栓通胶囊组灌胃量1.35粒/(kg.d),脑复康组灌胃量0.36g/(kg.d)。实验结束后,测定脑组织MAO活性及光镜下观察小鼠大脑海马形态学改变。结果模型组小鼠脑组织MAO活性升高,海马区出现病理形态学改变,经脑栓通胶囊治疗后小鼠脑组织MAO活性降低,形态学病理改变减轻,与正常对照组比较差异无统计学意义。结论初步表明脑栓通胶囊能降低MAO活性,保护海马神经元,可用于预防和治疗MAO活性增高导致的相关疾病。     

Evaluation of Osseointegration around Tibial Implants in Rats by Ibandronate-Treated Nanotubular Ti-32Nb-5Zr Alloy

Materials with differing surfaces have been developed for clinical implant therapy in dentistry and orthopedics. This study was designed to evaluate bone response to titanium alloy containing Ti-32Nb-5Zr with nanostructure, anodic oxidation, heat treatment, and ibandronate coating. Rats were randomly assigned to two groups for implantation of titanium alloy (untreated) as the control group and titanium alloy group coated with ibandronate as the experimental group. Then, the implants were inserted in both tibiae of the rats for four weeks. After implantation, bone implant interface, trabecular microstructure, mechanical fixation was evaluated by histology, micro-computed tomography (μCT) and the push-out test, respectively. We found that the anodized, heat-treated and ibandronate-coated titanium alloy triggered pronounced bone implant integration and early bone formation. Ibandronate-coated implants showed elevated values for removal torque and a higher level of BV/TV, trabecular thickness and separation upon analysis with μCT and mechanical testing. Similarly, higher bone contact and a larger percentage bone area were observed via histology compared to untreated alloy. Furthermore, well coating of ibandronate with alloy was observed by vitro releasing experiment. Our study provided evidences that the coating of bisphosphonate onto the anodized and heat-treated nanostructure of titanium alloy had a positive effect on implant fixation.     

钴铬合金卡环、纯钛卡环在钴铬金属冠上的固位力衰减及对冠表面磨损的研究

目的 探讨不同金属卡环作用于钴铬合金全冠时固位力变化规律及对冠表面磨损的影响.方法 制作模拟天然牙外形的钴铬合金冠和钴铬合金卡环、纯钛卡环的标准试件,分两组进行1500次反复脱位和就位实验,比较两组钴铬合金全冠固位力衰减及对冠表面的磨损情况.结果 电镜下可见纯钛卡环于钴铬合金全冠时的固位力、冠表面磨损情况均优于钴铬合金卡环.结论 钴铬合金卡环、纯钛卡环在钴铬合金全冠上,均能提供足够的固位力,衰减剧烈程度：纯钛卡环组＜钴铬合金卡环组;对于冠表面的磨损程度：纯钛卡环组＜钴铬合金卡环组.     

The contribution by monoamine oxidase and catechol-O-methyltransferase to the total-body and pulmonary plasma clearance of catecholamines

To study the effects of inhibition of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) on the removal of circulating catecholamines, anaesthetized rabbits were infused for 120 min with ³H-labelled noradrenaline, adrenaline and dopamine. Total-body plasma clearances (Cl_tot) and pulmonary fractional extractions (ER_P) of the infused amines and the cardiac output of plasma (CO_P) were determined under steady-state conditions at the end of each of two consecutive 60-min treatment periods. MAO and COMT were inhibited by treatment with pargyline (40 mg/kg)and tolcapone (3 mg/kg followed by 1.5 mg/kg given every 30 min), respectively. Two groups of animals were studied. Group I involved animals treated with tolcapone throughout and given pargyline at the beginning of the second treatment period. In group II, pargyline was given at the beginning of the first, and the treatment with tolcapone was started at the beginning of the second treatment period. As previous experiments had shown that COMT inhibition alone is without any effect on Cl_tot, of the three catecholamines considered here, the results obtained in the first treatment period of group I can be taken to reflect control results.At the end of the first treatment period, Cl_tot of noradrenaline, adrenaline and dopamine (expressed as a percentage of CO_P) was 88%, 85% and 142%, respectively, in group I (COMT inhibition) and 67%, 77% and 115%, respectively, in group II (MAO inhibition; P < 0.05 for the group difference regarding Cl_tot of noradrenaline and dopamine). MAO inhibition on top of COMT inhibition (group I) lowered Cl_tot of noradrenaline, adrenaline and dopamine by 23%, 12% and 26%, respectively, and COMT inhibition on top of MAO inhibition (group II) reduced Cl_tot of these catecholamines by 13%, 20% and 17%, respectively. At the end of the first treatment period, the pulmonary plasma clearance (Cl_p = ER_P x CO_P) of noradrenaline and dopamine was 13 and 25 ml kg^–1 min ^–, respectively, in group I and 12 and 28 ml kg^–1 min^–, respectively, in group II. Cl_P of adrenaline did not differ from zero in either group. Cl_P of noradrenaline and dopamine was reduced by 74% and 70%, respectively, when both enzymes were inhibited in group I and by 70% and 67%, respectively, when both enzymes were inhibited in group II.Hence, inhibition of either MAO or COMT alone had little, if any, effect on the removal of noradrenaline, adrenaline and dopamine on passage through the systemic and pulmonary circulation. Combined inhibition of both MAO and COMT was highly effective in reducing the pulmonary clearance of noradrenaline and dopamine, but produced only minor decreases in the total-body clearance of all three catecholamines.     

胃镜下注射肾上腺素联合钛夹治疗急性非静脉曲张上消化道出血

目的 评价胃镜下钛夹和注射肾上腺素联合钛夹的方法治疗急性非静脉曲张上消化道出血的疗效.方法 经胃镜检查确诊为急性非静脉曲张上消化道出血患者65例,随机分为钛夹组（31例）、注射肾上腺素联合钛夹组（注射联合钛夹组,34例）,对出血灶进行治疗,评价两种治疗方法的止血率和再出血率的差异.结果 注射联合钛夹组和钛夹组的所有患者均首次止血成功,止血率均为l00%;钛夹组有6例发生再次出血,再出血率19.4%,注射联合钛夹组中有1例发生再出血,再出血率2.9%,两组差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 胃镜下注射肾上腺素联合钛夹治疗非静脉曲张上消化道出血疗效可靠,优于单纯钛夹治疗.